Deck 3: Cell Structure and Genetic Control

Question 1

The _____________ is the liquid portion of the cell between the plasma membrane and nucleus.

A)cytoskeleton
B)peroxisome
C)cytosol
D)phospholipids

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Intake of a specific molecule from the extracellular compartment by a cell occurs through

A)phagocytosis.
B)exocytosis.
C)receptor-mediated endocytosis.
D)apoptosis.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

A)transport
B)energy production
C)structural support
D)receptors

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Pseudopods can be used for both amoeboid movement and phagocytosis.

Question 5

The hydrophobic center of the plasma membrane will restrict the movement of water and fat-soluble substances through the membrane.

Question 6

Phagocytosis is important for

A)body defense against foreign organic matter.
B)promoting inflammation.
C)removal of old and dying cells.
D)All apply.

Question 7

The body cells that contain plasma membranes with highest cholesterol content are the muscle cells.

Question 8

Receptor-mediated endocytosis would allow cells to selectively remove molecules from the extracellular fluid.

Question 9

Carbohydrates are primarily associated with the outer surface of the cell membrane.

Question 10

Particulate matter is nonspecifically taken into cells by the process of

A)exocytosis.
B)phagocytosis.
C)pinocytosis.
D)receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 11

Neutrophils and macrophages move through the extracellular matrix by amoeboid movement.

Question 12

Phagocytosis is a bulk transport process in which the plasma membrane extends as pseudopods around a particle of organic matter.

Question 13

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit in the body.

Question 14

Large hydrophilic molecules can readily move unaided into and out of cells.

Question 15

The plasma membrane is a static,uniform structure that protects the cells and controls the passageway of materials into and out of the cell.

Question 16

The flexibility of a cell's membrane is determined by the ratio of _____________ to ___________.

A)protein,carbohydrate
B)cholesterol,protein
C)phospholipids,protein
D)cholesterol,phospholipids

Question 17

The plasma membrane is referred to as a mosaic because of the presence of

A)stationary proteins in a uniform arrangement.
B)carbohydrates in changing patterns.
C)phospholipids that are in constant motion.
D)moving proteins in a random arrangement.

Question 18

How are the phospholipids arranged to form the plasma membrane?

A)single layer with hydrophilic heads outward
B)double layer with hydrophobic tails facing inward toward each other
C)double layer with hydrophilic heads facing inward toward each other
D)double layer with phospholipids on the outside and proteins on the inside

Question 19

Proteins that are partially embedded on one side of the plasma membrane are

A)integral proteins.
B)transport proteins.
C)peripheral proteins.
D)fluid proteins.

Question 20

Proteins located on the surface of the plasma membrane can act as ___________ for hormones.

A)receptors
B)enzymes
C)neurotransmitters
D)pseudopods

Question 21

The process by which cells secrete cellular products into the extracellular environment is

A)phagocytosis.
B)endocytosis.
C)exocytosis.
D)pinocytosis.

Question 22

The cytoskeleton of a cell can serve as a railway that can transport organelles and molecules to different intracellular destinations.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a molecular motor used to move substances along the cytoskeleton?

A)melanin
B)kinesin
C)myosin
D)dynein

Question 24

Cells with large numbers of microvilli on their apical surface are probably involved in

A)movement of the body.
B)reabsorption of molecules during production of urine.
C)detoxification of chemicals.
D)secretion of neurotransmitters.

Question 25

A flagellum has

A)a "9+0" structure.
B)a "9+2" structure.
C)no microtubules.
D)microvilli as its structure.

Question 26

Chemicals stored in cells are called kinesins.

Question 27

The centrosome is responsible for

A)making ciliA.
B)making microtubules.
C)pulling duplicated chromosomes apart.
D)All apply.

Question 28

Release of neurotransmitters occurs via

A)exocytosis.
B)endocytosis.
C)phagocytosis.
D)pinocytosis.

Question 29

Which of the following locations have ciliated cells?

A)respiratory and digestive systems
B)female reproductive and lymphatic systems
C)respiratory and female reproductive systems
D)digestive and lymphatic systems

Question 30

Microtubules and microfilaments are the primary components of the

A)cytosol.
B)nucleus.
C)cytoskeleton.
D)plasma membrane.

Question 31

Cholesterol and AIDS viruses are taken into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 32

Pinocytosis is a type of exocytosis.

Question 33

Phagocytosis differs from endocytosis in that with phagocytosis

A)the plasma membrane invaginates to produce a furrow that pinches off inside the cell.
B)the plasma membrane extends outwards with pseudopods to surround the substance.
C)specific membrane receptors bind to the molecules to be brought into the cell.
D)None apply.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT an example of an inclusion?

A)glycogen
B)actin
C)melanin
D)triglycerides

Question 35

Which type of lysosome contains undigested wastes?

A)secondary lysosome
B)residual body
C)primary lysosome
D)tertiary body

Question 36

Folds of the plasma membrane that increase surface area are called

A)ciliA.
B)microvilli.
C)flagella.
D)vesicles.

Question 37

The only flagellated cells in humans are

A)ovA.
B)sperm.
C)goblet cells.
D)tumor cells.

Question 38

All body cells have motile cilia with a "9+2" structure.

Question 39

Primary cilia may serve sensory functions such as vision.

Question 40

Almost every body cell has a single nonmotile primary cilium with a "9+0" structure.

Question 41

The pH of the cytoplasm is more ___________ than the interior of a primary lysosome.

A)basic
B)acidic
C)neutral

Question 42

Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a genetic defect which affects the activity of _______ enzymes.

A)mitochondrial
B)lysosomal
C)centrosomal
D)ribosomal

Question 43

The process of recycling cellular proteins that had been released by exocytosis and brought back into the cell is called

A)mediated transport.
B)active transport.
C)autophagy.
D)retrograde transport.

Question 44

Individuals using anabolic steroids would have increased amounts of agranular (smooth)endoplasmic reticulum in their liver cells.

Question 45

The folded inner membrane of a mitochondrion is called

A)rugae.
B)plicae.
C)cristae.
D)microvilli.

Question 46

Cells actively involved in secreting proteins would contain large numbers or quantities of

A)lysosomes.
B)peroxisomes.
C)granular (rough)endoplasmic reticulum.
D)agranular (smooth)endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 47

What enzyme is needed to prevent excessive accumulation of hydrogen peroxide from peroxisome activity?

A)peroxidase
B)catalase
C)oxidate
D)maltase

Question 48

The organelle involved in the production of energy is the

A)mitochondrion.
B)ribosome.
C)cytoskeleton.
D)centriole.

Question 49

Mitochondria contain their own DNA.

Question 50

What organelle functions to chemically modify cellular products and package them in vesicles?

A)Golgi complex
B)mitochondrion
C)lysosome
D)ribosome

Question 51

What process involves the destruction of worn-out organelles by lysosomes?

A)exocytosis
B)pinocytosis
C)autophagy
D)None apply.

Question 52

The main function of the peroxisome is to release energy from food molecules and transform the energy into usable ATP.

Question 53

Ribosomal enzymes needed for protein synthesis are called

A)catalases.
B)superoxide radicals.
C)ribozymes.
D)lysozymes.

Question 54

The organelle that acts as enzymes for protein synthesis is the

A)mitochondrion.
B)ribosome.
C)nucleolus.
D)lysosome.

Question 55

All mitochondria that an individual has came solely from the mother's fertilized egg cell.

Question 56

The granular (rough)endoplasmic reticulum is characterized by a lack of ribosomes.

Question 57

Membrane enclosed organelles containing oxidative enzymes that form hydrogen peroxide are

A)lysosomes.
B)centrosomes.
C)peroxisomes.
D)chromosomes.

Question 58

Primary lysosomes consist of digestive enzymes and the contents of a food vacuole.

Question 59

Cells which contain large numbers of mitochondria and large amounts of agranular (smooth)endoplasmic reticulum are most likely

A)bladder cells.
B)bone cells.
C)lung cells.
D)skeletal muscle cells.

Question 60

A cell which is actively involved in the detoxification of chemicals would contain large quantities of

A)ribosomes.
B)mitochondria.
C)peroxisomes.
D)rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 61

Proteins and mRNA exit the nucleus via

A)nuclear pores.
B)endoplasmic reticulum.
C)vesicles.
D)centromeres.

Question 62

One possible reason that the proteome is so much larger than the genome is that mRNAs can be spliced in alternative ways thereby increasing the number of products produced from a particular gene.

Question 63

Chromatin is comprised of _____________ and ___________.

A)phospholipids,DNA
B)DNA,protein
C)RNA,protein
D)DNA,RNA

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT true of the nuclear envelope?

A)double-layered
B)fused in areas by nuclear pore complexes
C)single-layered
D)contains nuclear pores

Question 65

The proteins found in chromatin are called histones,are positively charged,and form spools.

Question 66

The term proteome refers to all of the genes in a particular individual.

Question 67

The function of the _____________ is to produce ribosomal RNA.

A)chromatin
B)centromere
C)lysosomes
D)nucleolus

Question 68

The process of gene expression occurs as

A)genetic transcription and genetic transduction.
B)genetic translation and genetic degradation.
C)genetic transcription and genetic translation.
D)genetic transduction and genetic degradation.

Question 69

What chemical change occurs to histones that will turn on genetic transcription?

A)acetylation
B)acidification
C)phosphorylation
D)differentiation

Question 70

What enzyme is needed for transcription?

A)spliceosomes
B)RNA polymerase
C)RNA promoter
D)DNA polymerase

Question 71

Precursor mRNA is larger than the mRNA it forms.

Question 72

Cells synthesizing large quantities of proteins would have numerous nucleoli.

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT an explanation for how one gene can produce more than one protein?

A)posttranslational methylation and phosphorylation
B)different groups of polypeptides associating to make different proteins
C)various cuts and splices of mRNA
D)different carbohydrates bonded to the protein

Question 74

The spooling of DNA around histones creates particles called

A)nucleoli.
B)proteosomes.
C)nucleosomes.
D)euchromatin.

Question 75

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and their chromatin is mostly

A)mesenchymal.
B)euchromatin.
C)heterochromatin.
D)histochromatin.

Question 76

How many proteins does it appear that humans can produce?

A)25,000
B)100,000
C)3 million
D)3 billion

Question 77

All body cells have a single,centralized nucleus.

Question 78

Chromatin that is active in genetic transcription is called

A)euchromatin.
B)homochromatic.
C)heterochromatin.
D)embryonic chromatin.

Question 79

Genes present in heterochromatin are readily expressed.

Question 80

How many genes does it appear that humans have?

A)25,000
B)100,000
C)3 million
D)3 billion