Deck 2: Chemical Composition of the Body

Question 1

Isotopes have the same ___________ number,but a different __________ number.

A)mass,atomic
B)neutron,mass
C)atomic,mass
D)atomic,proton

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true of isotopes of a given atom?

A)have the same number of neutrons
B)have the same number of protons
C)have different atomic masses
D)All apply.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

When an atom loses one or more electrons,it

A)becomes positively charged.
B)becomes negatively charged.
C)is called an anion.
D)has no change in its charge.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

An element with 11 neutrons,11 protons,and 11 electrons would have a mass number of

A)11
B)33
C)22
D)cannot be determined

Question 5

Water makes up _____ of the total body weight of an average adult.

A)50-60%
B)55-65%
C)60-70%
D)65-75%

Question 6

An element with 5 protons,5 neutrons,and 5 electrons would have an atomic number of 15.

Question 7

Carbon atoms form many organic molecules by forming polar covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.

Question 8

The term "chemical element" refers to the most common isotope of that element.

Question 9

Which of the following subatomic particles have negligible mass?

A)electrons
B)neutrons
C)protons
D)Both neutrons and protons.

Question 10

Atoms sharing a pair of electrons form covalent bonds.

Question 11

When an atom gains one or more electrons,it

A)becomes positively charged.
B)has no change in its charge.
C)is called an anion.
D)is called a cation.

Question 12

An atom with 5 protons,5 neutrons,and 6 electrons would have a net charge of

A)-1.
B)-2.
C)+1.
D)+2.

Question 13

The atomic nucleus does not contain ____________,which are negatively charged subatomic particles.

A)protons
B)electrons
C)neutrons

Question 14

Hydrogen bonds form between the partially charged atoms of two polar molecules,such as the slightly positively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the slightly negatively charged oxygen atom of another.

Question 15

Molecules with polar covalent bonds are hydrophobic.

Question 16

Neutrons are uncharged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 17

The __________ is the physical space which an electron occupies in an atom.

A)nucleus
B)orbital
C)energy level
D)Both orbital and energy level are correct.

Question 18

Negatively charged ions will migrate towards the anode in an electrical field.

Question 19

The _______________ electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom.

A)kernel
B)valence
C)atomic
D)anion

Question 20

Most of the water found in the body is in the

A)blood.
B)intracellular fluid compartment.
C)extracellular fluid compartment.
D)blood and extracellular fluid compartment.

Question 21

The formation of hydration spheres makes an ion or molecule soluble in water.

Question 22

Bonds that are formed between oxygen and hydrogen atoms within water molecules are called

A)hydrogen bonds.
B)ionic bonds.
C)nonpolar covalent bonds.
D)polar covalent bonds.

Question 23

Acids release hydrogen ions into solutions.

Question 24

The ability of water to be pulled as a column through narrow channels is called

A)osmalality.
B)surface tension.
C)neutrality.
D)capillary action.

Question 25

The pH of a solution increases as the _______________ ion concentration decreases.

A)hydrogen
B)hydroxide
C)bicarbonate
D)sodium

Question 26

A solution of a pH above 7 is called ____________.

A)acidic
B)neutral
C)basic

Question 27

A buffer has an acid component and a base component that can prevent drastic changes in pH.

Question 28

Surface tension between water molecules occurs because adjacent water molecules form _______ bonds with each other.

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)hydrogen
D)ionic

Question 29

Bases will _______________ protons in a solution.

A)accept
B)donate
C)ignore
D)repel

Question 30

The type of bond found in sodium chloride is

A)an ionic bond.
B)a polar covalent bond.
C)a hydrogen bond.
D)a nonpolar covalent bonD.

Question 31

Water molecules form _______________ ions when they associate with a hydrogen ion.

A)hydroxide
B)bicarbonate
C)hydronium
D)water

Question 32

Hydration spheres can be formed by compounds which contain _______________ bonds.

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)ionic
D)either polar covalent or ionic

Question 33

Which of the following would be most easily broken?

A)a hydrogen bond
B)a nonpolar covalent bond
C)an ionic bond
D)a polar covalent bond

Question 34

_______________ bonds are formed when atoms share electrons unequally.

A)Nonpolar covalent
B)Ionic
C)Polar covalent
D)van der Waals

Question 35

As the pH of the blood decreases,the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood would decrease.

Question 36

Ionic bonds are very strong and will not easily dissociate in water.

Question 37

Hydrophobic molecules would contain _______________ bonds.

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)hydrogen
D)ionic

Question 38

The pH of a solution is directly proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.

Question 39

The primary buffer in the blood is the _______________ buffer.

A)hydronium
B)ammonia
C)phosphate
D)bicarbonate

Question 40

What type of bond is formed between potassium and iodine?

A)polar covalent bond
B)ionic bond
C)nonpolar covalent bond
D)hydrogen bond

Question 41

A six-sided organic molecule with alternating double bonds is termed a(n)

A)aromatic compound.
B)ketone.
C)alcohol.
D)organic aciD.

Question 42

Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are

A)ionic.
B)inorganic.
C)organiC.
D)carbonic.

Question 43

How many single bonds can a carbon atom form if it is double-bonded to an oxygen atom?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 44

A blood pH of 7.6 is

A)indicative of acidosis.
B)indicative of alkalosis.
C)in the normal physiological range.
D)indicates effective buffering by the bicarbonate/carbonic acid system.

Question 45

Only L-stereoisomers are absorbed by the digestive tract and used to synthesize organic molecules.

Question 46

Regarding acids and bases,

A)acids will increase the pH of a solution.
B)bases will decrease the pH of a solution.
C)acids will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.
D)bases will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.

Question 47

In an acidic solution,

A)the OH^- ion concentration is greater than the H⁺ ion concentration.
B)the OH^- ion concentration is less than the H⁺ ion concentration.
C)the H⁺ ion concentration is equal to the OH^- ion concentration.
D)the H⁺ ion concentration is less than the OH^- ion concentration only if the solution is buffereD.

Question 48

An ionized organic acid is designated with the suffix - ate.

Question 49

_________ are molecules with the same ratio of atoms but different arrangements of atoms.

A)Isotopes
B)Structural isomers
C)Stereoisomers
D)Radioactive isotopes

Question 50

Ammonia usually

A)acts as a base.
B)acts as an acid.
C)acts as a buffer.
D)ionizes to form a hydroxyl ion.

Question 51

Fats and carbohydrates are the primary energy stores in the body.

Question 52

An example of an aromatic substance is

A)hexane.
B)cyclohexane.
C)fructose.
D)benzene.

Question 53

The ionized form of the organic lactic acid is lactate.

Question 54

Fructose is a ketone.

Question 55

Organic acids contain carbonyl groups.

Question 56

Molecules that are mirror images of each other are

A)enantiomers.
B)geometric isomers.
C)cis/trans isomers.
D)structural isomers.

Question 57

Organic acids will contain

A)a carboxyl group.
B)a carbonyl group.
C)an amino group.
D)a hydroxyl group.

Question 58

Glucose,galactose,and fructose can be considered structural isomers of each other.

Question 59

Molecules with the same atoms,in the same sequence,but arranged differently in space are called

A)structural isomers.
B)stereoisomers.
C)functional groups.
D)aromatic molecules.

Question 60

Ketones contain a(n)_______________ group within the carbon chain.

A)hydroxyl
B)carbonyl
C)carboxyl
D)aromatic

Question 61

The addition of water with the proper enzymes to a molecule is called

A)dehydration synthesis.
B)condensation.
C)hydrolysis.
D)combustion.

Question 62

Lipids containing glycerol would include _______________ and ____________.

A)triglycerides,steroids
B)prostaglandins,phospholipids
C)triglycerides,phospholipids
D)steroids,prostaglandins

Question 63

________________ are liver synthesized derivatives of free fatty acids that can be used as an immediate source of energy by many organs.

A)Glycerols
B)Ketone bodies
C)Steroids
D)Cholesterols

Question 64

In order to maintain proper health,total dietary fat intake should not exceed _______________ of total dietary energy intake.

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT a disaccharide?

A)fructose
B)sucrose
C)maltose
D)lactose

Question 66

Glycogen

A)is more highly branched than plant starch.
B)is a glycoprotein found in the liver.
C)is a glycolipid found in skeletal muscles.
D)is composed of alternating glucose and galactose molecules.

Question 67

Carbohydrate molecules have a ratio of twice as many oxygen atoms to carbon atoms.

Question 68

Corticosteroids are a type of lipid commonly found in cell membranes.

Question 69

Rapid,uncontrolled hydrolysis of body fats can result in ketoacidosis.

Question 70

An example of a monosaccharide is

A)maltose.
B)sucrose.
C)glucose.
D)glycogen.

Question 71

_____________ are fatty acids with a cyclic hydrocarbon group.

A)Triglycerides
B)Prostaglandins
C)Proteins
D)Carbohydrates

Question 72

A molecule that is part polar and part nonpolar is called

A)an enantiomer.
B)a ketone body.
C)unsaturated.
D)amphipathic.

Question 73

Which reaction represents a dehydration synthesis reaction? $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $~\mathrm{A}$
$\text { glucose }+\text { glucose }<==>\text { maltose }+\text { water }$
$\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $~\mathrm{B}$

A)Reaction A
B)Reaction B

Question 74

Covalent bonds are formed between monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis.

Question 75

Glucose is stored as a polysaccharide to prevent osmosis of water into the cells.

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

A)prostaglandins
B)triglycerides
C)cholesterol
D)glycogen

Question 77

Unsaturated fatty acids contain more hydrogen atoms than saturated fatty acids of the same length.

Question 78

Sucrose is a disaccharide that is composed of _______________ and ____________.

A)glucose,glucose
B)glucose,galactose
C)glucose,fructose
D)fructose,galactose

Question 79

Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by animals themselves?

A)glycogen
B)cellulose
C)starch
D)All apply.

Question 80

Steroids are derived from cholesterol.