Deck 16: Scheduling

Question 1

When operations are often bottlenecked, additional planned idle time will improve the throughput in those areas.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The assignment model seeks an optimum matching of tasks and resources.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Splitting a large lot after one operation beyond a bottleneck operation would reduce the overall waiting time of the bottleneck operation.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

As long as the bottleneck operations are used effectively, idle time in non-bottleneck operations will not affect the overall productivity of the system.

Question 5

A schedule chart can be used to monitor job progress.

Question 6

A Gantt chart is a basic scheduling tool that works best for high-volume systems.

Question 7

The quantity sent to a bottleneck operation could be split into two or more process batches to better utilize a bottleneck resource rather than process the entire batch.

Question 8

Infinite loading and finite loading are two major approaches used to load work centers.

Question 9

Flow-shop scheduling is used in high-volume systems.

Question 10

A schedule chart depicts the loading and idle times for a group of machines or departments.

Question 11

Scheduling in intermediate-volume systems has three basic issues: run size, timing, and sequence.

Question 12

When orders exceed our capacity, priority rules are used to select which orders will be accepted.

Question 13

Line balancing is a major factor in the design and scheduling of low-volume systems because of batch processing.

Question 14

A Gantt chart is a basic scheduling tool that is most useful in low-volume systems.

Question 15

Sequencing is concerned with the order in which jobs are done, while loading is concerned with assigning jobs to work centers or workstations.

Question 16

The elimination of idle time on both bottleneck and non-bottleneck operations must be accomplished to optimize output.

Question 17

The output of the system cannot exceed the output of the bottleneck operation(s).

Question 18

Loading is the determination of which work centers should perform which jobs.

Question 19

Input/output (I/O) control refers to monitoring the productivity changes since productivity is determined by the ratio of output to input.

Question 20

The term loading, as used in scheduling, refers to choosing the order in which jobs will be processed in low-volume systems.

Question 21

If optimal sequencing through three work centers is desired, Johnson's rule II is used rather than Johnson's rule.

Question 22

In theory of constraints scheduling, the synchronization of the sequence of operations is referred to as the:

A) buffer.
B) bottleneck.
C) constraint.
D) rope.
E) drum.

Question 23

To facilitate utilization of bottleneck operations, in theory of constraints scheduling ________ can be split into __________ to reduce waiting times.

A) bottleneck lots; nonbottleneck lots
B) transfer batches; process lots
C) sized lots; constrained lots
D) process batches; transfer batches
E) buffer lots; transfer lots

Question 24

Priority rules generally assume that job setup cost is independent of processing sequence of jobs.

Question 25

In theory of constraints scheduling, the __________ refers to the schedule and the __________ refers to inventory used to ensure that the bottleneck is never idle.

A) rope; drum
B) drum; rope
C) drum; buffer
D) buffer; drum
E) buffer; rope

Question 26

Priority rules are widely used to sequence jobs in high-volume systems.

Question 27

In a single work center, makespan improvement can be accomplished by selecting the optimal sequencing rule.

Question 28

The SPT priority rule always results in the lowest average completion time.

Question 29

Which of the following is the last step in the capacity/scheduling chain?

A) product planning
B) process planning
C) capacity planning
D) aggregate planning
E) scheduling

Question 30

Similar to that in manufacturing, the service scheduling hierarchy begins with __________ and ends with _________.

A) aggregate planning; detailed daily scheduling
B) aggregate planning; master scheduling
C) master scheduling; detailed material planning
D) aggregate planning; detailed material planning
E) quarterly planning; monthly planning

Question 31

Bottlenecks may shift with the passage of time, so that different operations become bottleneck operations at different times.

Question 32

The theory of constraints has a goal of maximizing flow through the entire system.

Question 33

Ensuring that the constraining resource is used to its maximum is an example of constraint:

A) elevation.
B) subordination.
C) identification.
D) elimination.
E) exploitation.

Question 34

Which of the following is not an example of a high-volume system?

A) aircraft manufacturing
B) magazine printing
C) petroleum refining
D) waste treatment
E) commercial donut baking

Question 35

The assignment method is limited to a maximum of two jobs per resource.

Question 36

Makespan is the total time needed to complete a group of jobs.

Question 37

Scheduling pertains to:

A) hiring workers.
B) process selection.
C) buying machinery.
D) timing the use of specific resources.
E) determining the lowest cost.

Question 38

Priority rules are used in low-volume systems to identify an optimal processing sequence.

Question 39

Which of the following is present in the manufacturing scheduling hierarchy but is absent in the service scheduling hierarchy?

A) aggregate planning
B) materials planning
C) master scheduling
D) detailed, short-term scheduling
E) detailed, short-term planning

Question 40

In the decision-making hierarchy, scheduling decisions are the final step in the transformation process before actual output occurs.

Question 41

Organizations with fixed, perishable capacity can benefit from:

A) yield management.
B) price increases.
C) constraints.
D) suboptimization.
E) waiting lines.

Question 42

The priority rule where jobs are processed according to the smallest ratio of due date to processing time is:

A) CR.
B) EEDD.
C) FCFS.
D) S/O.
E) SPT.

Question 43

The EDD priority rule usually does well with regard to:

A) cost.
B) lateness.
C) overtime.
D) waste.
E) makespan.

Question 44

In an assignment method problem, if it takes Abe 3 hours to build a birdhouse and 4 hours for a doghouse, while Betty takes 4 hours for a birdhouse and 3 hours for a doghouse, what is the reduced cost (in hours) of assigning Abe to build the doghouse?

A) 0 hours
B) 1 hour
C) 2 hours
D) 3 hours
E) 4 hours

Question 45

The following matrix shows relative costs for various job-machine combinations. Which set of pairs constitutes the minimum-cost solution using the assignment method? $\begin{array}{c} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad{\text { Machine }} \\\begin{array}{rrrr} & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } \\\text { Job 1 } & \$ 6 & 0 & 0 \\2 & 0 & 3 & 4 \\3 & 0 & 1 & 2\end{array}\end{array}$

A) 1-B, 2-C, 3-A
B) 1-B, 2-A, 3-C
C) 1-A, 2-C, 3-B
D) 1-A, 2-B, 3-C
E) 1-C, 2-A, 3-B

Question 46

A work center can be a:
(I) machine.
(II) group of machines.
(III) department.
(IV) facility.

A) I, II, and III only
B) II and IV only
C) II and III only
D) I and III only
E) I, II, III, and IV

Question 47

Average completion (flow) time for a schedule sequence at a work center is:

A) the sum of processing time divided by the number of jobs.
B) the sum of jobs' flow times divided by the number of jobs.
C) overall flow time divided by total processing time.
D) total processing time plus total late time divided by number of jobs.
E) the sum of flow time plus total late time divided by number of jobs.

Question 48

In a task assignment situation, in how many different ways can five jobs be assigned to five machines?

A) 1
B) 5
C) 25
D) 120
E) 3,125

Question 49

Which of the following is not an assumption of priority rules?

A) The set of jobs is known: no new jobs arrive after processing begins.
B) Setup time is independent of processing sequence.
C) Finite loading is assumed.
D) Processing times are deterministic.
E) No machine breakdowns are assumed.

Question 50

The purpose of cyclical scheduling is to:

A) eliminate weekends and holidays.
B) rotate schedules.
C) add flexible hours.
D) incorporate overtime.
E) observe work patterns.

Question 51

A scheduling technique used to achieve an optimum, one-to-one matching of tasks and resources is:

A) the assignment method.
B) Johnson's rule.
C) the optimum production technology method.
D) the appointment method.
E) the reservation method.

Question 52

Which of the following is not usually a characteristic of successful high-volume systems?

A) smooth workflow through the system
B) customized output
C) rapid repair of breakdowns
D) minimal quality problems
E) reliable supply schedules

Question 53

Based on the cost information given in the following table, which set of job-machine pairs reflects the minimum-cost solution using the Assignment method? $\begin{array}{c} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad{\text { Machine }} \\\begin{array}{rrrr} & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } \\\text { Job 1 } & \$ 6 & 0 & 0 \\2 &3 & 6 & 4 \\3 & 2 & 4 & 0\end{array}\end{array}$

A) 1-B, 2-A, 3-C
B) 1-A, 2-B, 3-C
C) 1-C, 2-A, 3-B
D) 1-B, 2-C, 3-A
E) 1-C, 2-B, 3-A

Question 54

The two different approaches to load work centers in job-shop scheduling are:

A) load charts and schedule charts.
B) Gantt charts and assignment method.
C) infinite loading and finite loading.
D) linear programming and makespan.
E) infinite charting and finite charting.

Question 55

Which of the following is not a measure for judging the effectiveness of a schedule sequence?

A) average number of jobs at the work center
B) total number of jobs at the work center
C) average completion (flow) time
D) average job tardiness
E) total number of work centers per job

Question 56

Effective scheduling cannot:

A) yield cost savings and improved productivity.
B) reduce the need for expansion of facilities.
C) improve customer service.
D) eliminate the need to train employees.
E) improve patient care in medical settings.

Question 57

Primary considerations in scheduling high-volume systems involve:
(I) coordinating the flow of inputs.
(II) overcoming the disruptions to planned outputs.
(III) assigning workers to work centers.

A) I and III
B) I and II
C) II and III
D) I, II, and III
E) II only

Question 58

The priority rule which will sequence jobs in the order they are received is:

A) EDD.
B) LIFO.
C) SPT.
D) CR.
E) FCFS.

Question 59

The scheduling sequencing rule which always results in the lowest average completion (flow) time is the:

A) first come, first served (FCFS) rule.
B) shortest processing time first (SPT) rule.
C) earliest due date first (EDD) rule.
D) least slack per operation first (S/O) rule.
E) run until slack happens (RUSH) rule.

Question 60

Scheduled due dates are the result of:

A) promises to customers.
B) MRP processing.
C) managerial decisions.
D) all of the choices.
E) our competitor's promises.

Question 61

Scheduling in service systems often takes the form of:
(I) appointment systems.
(II) reservation systems.
(III) makespan systems.

A) I only
B) II only
C) I and II only
D) III only
E) I, II, and III

Question 62

In an assignment model where there are fewer jobs than resources:

A) dummy jobs are needed to solve the problem.
B) dummy resources are needed to solve the problem.
C) the problem cannot be solved using an assignment model.
D) the problem will have multiple optimum solutions.
E) the simplex method must be used to solve the problem.

Question 63

One disadvantage of appointment systems is:

A) Capacity can be adjusted by varying hours.
B) The customer's desired time may be already taken.
C) People generally accept it as fair.
D) It can reduce customer waiting time.
E) Appointments do not have to be all the same length.

Question 64

For the jobs listed below, which processing sequence would result using Johnson's rule? $$\begin{array}{l}\text { Processing time (hrs) }\\\begin{array} { c c c } \hline \text { Job } & \text { Center 1 } & \text { Center 2 } \\\text { a } & 6 & 11 \\\text { b } & 12 & 8 \\\text { c } & 5 & 9 \\\text { d } & 10 & 7\end{array}\end{array}$$

A) c-a-d-b
B) b-d-a-c
C) a-b-c-d
D) d-c-b-a
E) c-a-b-d

Question 65

Scheduling in service systems may involve scheduling:
(I) the workforce.
(II) the equipment.
(III) customers.

A) II only
B) I and II only
C) II and III only
D) I and III only
E) I, II, and III

Question 66

The president of a consulting firm wants to minimize the total number of hours it will take to complete four projects for a new client. Accordingly, she has estimated the time it should take for each of her top consultants-Charlie, Betty, Johnny, and Rick-to complete any of the four projects, as follows: $$\begin{array} { c } \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad { \text { Project (Hours) } } \\\begin{array} { l c c c c } \text { Consultant } & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\\hline \text { Charlie } & 13 & 16 & 11 & 13 \\\text { Betty } & 11 & 15 & 14 & 18 \\\text { Johnny } & 15 & 22 & 12 & 15 \\\text { Rick } & 17 & 17 & 12 & 22\end{array}\end{array}$$ What is the optimal assignment of consultants to projects?

A) Charlie to A; Betty to B; Johnny to C; Rick to D
B) Charlie to D; Betty to C; Johnny to B; Rick to A
C) Charlie to C; Betty to A; Johnny to D; Rick to B
D) Charlie to D; Betty to B; Johnny to C; Rick to A
E) Charlie to D; Betty to A; Johnny to C; Rick to B

Question 67

There are four resources and four jobs to be done. The time required for each resource to do each job is as follows: $$\begin{array} { c } \quad \quad \quad \quad { \text { Job (Hours) } } \\\begin{array} { l c c c c } \text { Resource } & \mathrm { A } & \mathrm { B } & \mathrm { C } & \mathrm { D } \\\hline 1 & 5 & 8 & 7 & 7 \\2 & 4 & 9 & 5 & 9 \\3 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 7 \\4 & 7 & 6 & 6 & 9\end{array}\end{array}$$ After the row and column reductions, what is the minimum number of lines needed to cover all of the zeroes?

A) 0 lines
B) 1 line
C) 2 lines
D) 3 lines
E) 4 lines

Question 68

What is the optimum job sequence for the jobs listed below using Johnson's rule? $$\begin{array}{l}\text { Processing time (hrs) }\\\begin{array} { c c c } \text { Job } & \text { Center 1 } & \text { Center 2 } \\\hline \mathrm { d } & 13 & 23 \\\mathrm { e } & 23 & 13 \\\mathrm { f } & 16 & 18 \\\mathrm {~g} & 20 & 17\end{array}\end{array}$$

A) e-g-f-d
B) d-g-f-e
C) d-f-g-e
D) e-d-f-g
E) f-e-d-g

Question 69

A scheduling rule used for sequencing jobs through two work centers is:

A) critical ratio rule.
B) Johnson's rule.
C) slack per operation rule.
D) shortest processing time rule.
E) Pareto rule.

Question 70

There are four resources and four jobs to be done. The time required for each resource to do each job is as follows: $$\begin{array} { c } \quad \quad \quad \quad { \text { Job (Hours) } } \\\begin{array} { l c c c c } \text { Resource } & \mathrm { A } & \mathrm { B } & \mathrm { C } & \mathrm { D } \\\hline 1 & 5 & 8 & 7 & 7 \\2 & 4 & 9 & 5 & 9 \\3 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 7 \\4 & 7 & 6 & 6 & 9\end{array}\end{array}$$ After the row reduction, what is the reduced time for assigning resource 4 to Job D?

A) 0 hours
B) 2 hours
C) 3 hours
D) 6 hours
E) 9 hours

Question 71

There are four resources and four jobs to be done. The time required for each resource to do each job is as follows: $$\begin{array} { c } \quad \quad \quad \quad { \text { Job (Hours) } } \\\begin{array} { l c c c c } \text { Resource } & \mathrm { A } & \mathrm { B } & \mathrm { C } & \mathrm { D } \\\hline 1 & 5 & 8 & 7 & 7 \\2 & 4 & 9 & 5 & 9 \\3 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 7 \\4 & 7 & 6 & 6 & 9\end{array}\end{array}$$ After the row and column reductions, what is the reduced time for assigning resource 4 to job D?

A) 0 hours
B) 2 hours
C) 3 hours
D) 6 hours
E) 9 hours

Question 72

Which sequencing rule is designed specifically to minimize job tardiness?

A) S/O
B) EDD
C) FCFS
D) SPT
E) LPT

Question 73

The president of a consulting firm wants to minimize the total number of hours it will take to complete four projects for a new client. Accordingly, she has estimated the time it should take for each of her top consultants-Charlie, Betty, Johnny, and Rick-to complete any of the four projects, as follows: $$\begin{array} { c } \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad { \text { Project (Hours) } } \\\begin{array} { l c c c c } \text { Consultant } & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\\hline \text { Charlie } & 13 & 16 & 11 & 13 \\\text { Betty } & 11 & 15 & 14 & 18 \\\text { Johnny } & 15 & 22 & 12 & 15 \\\text { Rick } & 17 & 17 & 12 & 22\end{array}\end{array}$$ For the optimal schedule, what is the total number of hours it will take these consultants to complete these projects?

A) 53 hours
B) 46 hours
C) 50 hours
D) 61 hours
E) 54 hours

Question 74

There are four resources and four jobs to be done. The time required for each resource to do each job is as follows: $$\begin{array} { c } \quad \quad \quad \quad { \text { Job (Hours) } } \\\begin{array} { l c c c c } \text { Resource } & \mathrm { A } & \mathrm { B } & \mathrm { C } & \mathrm { D } \\\hline 1 & 5 & 8 & 7 & 7 \\2 & 4 & 9 & 5 & 9 \\3 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 7 \\4 & 7 & 6 & 6 & 9\end{array}\end{array}$$ What is the optimal assignment of resources to jobs?

A) 1 to A; 2 to C; 3 to B; 4 to D
B) 1 to B; 2 to D; 3 to C; 4 to A
C) 1 to C; 2 to B; 3 to A; 4 to D
D) 1 to D; 2 to B; 3 to C; 4 to A
E) 1 to A; 2 to C; 3 to D; 4 to B

Question 75

A major difference between manufacturing and service systems in terms of scheduling is:

A) variability in arrival and service rates.
B) processing cost per unit.
C) the number of units to be processed.
D) length of processing time.
E) output rate.

Question 76

The president of a consulting firm wants to minimize the total number of hours it will take to complete four projects for a new client. Accordingly, she has estimated the time it should take for each of her top consultants-Charlie, Betty, Johnny, and Rick-to complete any of the four projects, as follows: $$\begin{array} { c } \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad { \text { Project (Hours) } } \\\begin{array} { l c c c c } \text { Consultant } & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\\hline \text { Charlie } & 13 & 16 & 11 & 13 \\\text { Betty } & 11 & 15 & 14 & 18 \\\text { Johnny } & 15 & 22 & 12 & 15 \\\text { Rick } & 17 & 17 & 12 & 22\end{array}\end{array}$$ In how many different ways can she assign these consultants to these projects?

A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) 24
E) 256

Question 77

The following table contains information about five jobs waiting to be processed at work center number three. $$\begin{array} { l c c } \text { Job } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Processing } \\\text { Time (hrs) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Hours Until } \\\text { Due }\end{array} \\\hline \mathrm { a } & 14 & 15 \\\mathrm {~b} & 10 & 20 \\\mathrm { c } & 18 & 18 \\\mathrm {~d} & 2 & 16 \\\mathrm { e } & 4 & 21\end{array}$$ The sequence that would result using the SPT rule is:

A) e-b-c-d-a.
B) c-a-b-e-d.
C) a-d-c-e-b.
D) d-e-b-a-c.
E) e-d-b-a-c.

Question 78

There are four resources and four jobs to be done. The time required for each resource to do each job is as follows: $$\begin{array} { c } \quad \quad \quad \quad { \text { Job (Hours) } } \\\begin{array} { l c c c c } \text { Resource } & \mathrm { A } & \mathrm { B } & \mathrm { C } & \mathrm { D } \\\hline 1 & 5 & 8 & 7 & 7 \\2 & 4 & 9 & 5 & 9 \\3 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 7 \\4 & 7 & 6 & 6 & 9\end{array}\end{array}$$ For the optimal schedule, what is the total number of hours required to complete these jobs?

A) 23 hours
B) 22 hours
C) 21 hours
D) 20 hours
E) 19 hours

Question 79

The president of a consulting firm wants to minimize the total number of hours it will take to complete four projects for a new client. Accordingly, she has estimated the time it should take for each of her top consultants-Charlie, Betty, Johnny, and Rick-to complete any of the four projects, as follows: $$\begin{array} { c } \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad { \text { Project (Hours) } } \\\begin{array} { l c c c c } \text { Consultant } & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } \\\hline \text { Charlie } & 13 & 16 & 11 & 13 \\\text { Betty } & 11 & 15 & 14 & 18 \\\text { Johnny } & 15 & 22 & 12 & 15 \\\text { Rick } & 17 & 17 & 12 & 22\end{array}\end{array}$$ After the row and column reductions, what is the reduced time for assigning Rick to project D?

A) 0 hours
B) 8 hours
C) 10 hours
D) 9 hours
E) 22 hours

Question 80

The following table contains information about five jobs waiting to be processed at work center number three. $$\begin{array} { c c c } \text { Job } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Processing } \\\text { Time (hrs) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Hours Until } \\\text { Due }\end{array} \\\hline \mathrm { a } & 14 & 15 \\\mathrm {~b} & 10 & 20 \\\mathrm { c } & 18 & 18 \\\mathrm {~d} & 2 & 16 \\\mathrm { e } & 4 & 21\end{array}$$ Using the EDD rule, the sequence of jobs would be:

A) d-e-b-a-c.
B) a-d-c-b-e.
C) e-d-b-a-c.
D) a-d-c-e-d.
E) e-b-c-d-a.