Deck 24: America Remade: The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929-1939

Question 1

During the "first hundred days," congressional efforts were focused on

A)economic recovery.
B)direct assistance.
C)redistribution of the nation's wealth.
D)trimming government bureaucracy.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Huey P.Long of Louisiana advocated for

A)the impeachment of FDR.
B)a more radical redistribution of wealth.
C)a more laissez-faire approach for economic recovery.
D)lower taxes and a higher tariff.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

As a result of Hoover's repatriation policy,thousands of

A)teenage boys and homeless women were allotted small parcels of land on which to grow their own food.
B)struggling immigrants were awarded temporary visas to work in the agricultural industry.
C)Mexicans were sent back to Mexico.
D)Italian and Mexican immigrants were given assistance to return to their home countries.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Franklin D.Roosevelt was elected in 1932 because he

A)promised voters that he would succeed where Hoover had failed at making volunteerism effective.
B)was committed to enacting a very clear and specific plan for economic recovery.
C)inspired voters with confidence that he could end the Depression.
D)had succeeded in vilifying Hoover,who had been popular up until the election.

Question 5

By the end of 1933,

A)the worst effects of the Depression had been diminished.
B)the Roosevelt administration had become weary of the endless bills passed by Congress.
C)the federal government had established an unprecedentedly aggressive role in American life.
D)New Deal measures had yielded an increase in production and employment by preserving the independence of industry from federal regulation.

Question 6

In 1934,most of the 2,000 or more strikes were staged in protest of

A)immigrant workers who were hired at much lower wages.
B)the lack of official recognition for unions.
C)unsafe working conditions.
D)repeated wage cuts.

Question 7

The initial step of the First New Deal was the

A)closing of the nation's banks.
B)cutting of federal salaries and veterans' pensions.
C)legalization of the production and sale of beer.
D)signing of the Agricultural Adjustment Act.

Question 8

The Bonus Army

A)carried out a violent protest in the nation's capital,demanding that their veterans' bonuses be paid early.
B)camped in the nation's capital,demanding that their veterans' bonuses be paid early.
C)carried out a violent protest in the nation's capital in an attempt to pressure Congress to pass a spending bill for public works projects,which would put them to work.
D)camped in the nation's capital in an attempt to pressure Congress to pass a spending bill for public works projects,which would put them to work.

Question 9

The San Francisco general strike of 1934 was initiated by

A)auto workers.
B)meat packers.
C)dockworkers.
D)steelworkers.

Question 10

By 1932,President Hoover had

A)signed the Hawley-Smoot Tariff,which stimulated international trade,temporarily stabilizing the economy.
B)initiated unprecedented federal spending aimed at stimulating the economy and putting Americans to work.
C)established was became known as Hoovervilles,which were housing developments for the unemployed.
D)taken no action to address the dire economic situation.

Question 11

Franklin D.Roosevelt's experimental New Deal did NOT

A)gradually change government.
B)transform society.
C)consist of a grand plan.
D)produce a new political ideology.

Question 12

Immediately following the Wall Street crash of 1929,President Hoover

A)established the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.
B)cut taxes.
C)signed the Hawley-Smoot Tariff bill.
D)announced his repatriation policy.

Question 13

The emotional effects of the economic crisis were felt most acutely by

A)women.
B)children.
C)teens.
D)men.

Question 14

Hoover's Emergency Committee for Employment

A)mobilized city governments,charities,and churches and synagogues to feed and shelter the needy.
B)was completely ineffective in providing direct assistance to people.
C)diverted federal funds to states for distribution to the unemployed.
D)encouraged employers to maintain maximum employment levels.

Question 15

In the early years of the Depression,most unemployment councils were

A)focused on strikes and other measures to protest low wages.
B)founded by members of the American Communist Party.
C)suppressed by the federal government for suspicious activities.
D)committed primarily to what they called "self-help."

Question 16

Relieving unemployment was the chief goal of the

A)Agricultural Adjustment Act.
B)National Industrial Recovery Act.
C)Indian New Deal.
D)Civilian Conservation Corps.

Question 17

The economic crisis was exacerbated in the early 1930s when

A)U.S.banks increased loans to Germany and Austria,depleting the Treasury of its reserves.
B)Germany defaulted on reparations to France and Britain,causing those nations to default on their U.S.loans.
C)the Federal Reserve loosened credit,causing interest rates to dip.
D)the Mississippi flooded,damaging critical infrastructure in several states.

Question 18

Even before entering office,FDR began to

A)craft specific pieces of legislation that would later become New Deal laws.
B)indicate that his intensions were to socialize the federal government.
C)sell his ideas for the New Deal to the public via radio broadcasts.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 19

By 1932,________ Americans had lost their jobs.

A)one in ten
B)half of all
C)one in seven
D)one in four

Question 20

During the 1920s,millions of farmers were pressured off their land by the

A)rapid expansion of large-scale agribusiness.
B)prolonged drought that struck the plains.
C)effects of inflated meat,dairy,and produce prices.
D)terrifying "black blizzards" that swept the plains.

Question 21

The new social identity of the 1930s,the teenager,was fostered largely by their growing participation in

A)WPA youth agencies.
B)clubs.
C)high school.
D)the CCC.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about the effect of the Depression on Hollywood and other culture industries is most accurate?

A)Hollywood movies and other culture industries essentially ceased during the Depression.
B)Media that portrayed realistic and critical treatment of Depression-era themes was the most popular.
C)Consumers were drawn toward upbeat media to escape the harsh realities of contemporary life.
D)People in the Depression era had little free time to consume media,a factor that had a dramatic effect on Hollywood and other culture industries.

Question 23

Between 1935 and 1943,millions of dollars were spent to promote the arts,largely because President Roosevelt believed that professional artists needed employment,and that

A)such spending would stimulate the domestic economy.
B)their work would bring international prestige.
C)the surplus in the U.S.Treasury would otherwise go unspent.
D)the creative arts were crucial to raising the nation's morale.

Question 24

The Liberty League,established in 1934,

A)condemned the New Deal as anti-capitalist.
B)opposed the Civilian Conservation Corps because it provided jobs for young single males rather than men who had families to support.
C)pushed for a more aggressive foreign policy,claiming that FDR's administration had neglected America's role in the world.
D)demanded the nationalization of major industries.

Question 25

FDR interpreted his reelection as a mandate to extend the Second New Deal,which led him to

A)reinstate the Agricultural Adjustment Act.
B)eliminate six cabinet positions,as to centralize authority in the executive office.
C)expand congressional oversight of many federal agencies.
D)attempt to radically alter the structure of the Supreme Court.

Question 26

The Agricultural Adjustment Act resulted in

A)the slaughter of millions of pigs and destruction of millions of acres of grain.
B)the reduction of commodity prices.
C)the betterment of many tenant farmers and sharecroppers.
D)help for many farmers to keep their land through difficult times.

Question 27

In 1935,FDR's reaction to criticism from both the left and the right was to

A)pull back on the aggressive reform efforts of the First New Deal.
B)begin to deride the wealthy and cast suspicion on large corporations and banks.
C)moderate between the two extremes of his critics.
D)declare that he would not run in the election of 1936.

Question 28

The concerns of sociologists and parents about teens included all of the following EXCEPT that

A)teens' peers had too much influence over them.
B)teens were becoming alienated from their peers.
C)teens' newfound independence made them vulnerable to subversion.
D)teens were a potentially disruptive force in society.

Question 29

All of the following were part of common advertising messages EXCEPT

A)current economic conditions.
B)quality.
C)affordability.
D)immediate gratification.

Question 30

In response to the demands of the consumer rights movement,President Roosevelt

A)asked Congress to pass "truth-in-advertising" legislation.
B)pressured advertisers to regulate themselves.
C)insisted that the advertising industry was merely exercising its right to free speech.
D)avoided the issue.

Question 31

The most popular literary genre among Depression-era readers was

A)science fiction.
B)romance novels.
C)historical fiction.
D)detective novels.

Question 32

American consumption patterns during the Depression yielded a

A)more homogenized national culture,characterized by optimism and nostalgiA.
B)relatively fragmented national culture,divided on the basis of wealth.
C)more homogenized national culture,characterized by gloom and pessimism.
D)relatively fragmented national culture,divided along ethnic lines.

Question 33

The principle federal relief agency of the Second New Deal was the

A)Civilian Conservation Corps.
B)Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
C)Works Progress Administration.
D)National Recovery Administration.

Question 34

FDR was reelected in 1936 by a coalition of voters that included all of the following EXCEPT

A)conservative Democrats.
B)African Americans in the North.
C)progressive Republicans.
D)middle-class professionals.

Question 35

,a work sponsored by the Federal Theatre Project,

A)lampooned business tycoons and encouraged workers to join a radical union.
B)was about a populist president that pushed the nation toward fascism.
C)was a nostalgic remembrance of the American past.
D)depicted an alternative history in which the U.S.had experienced a Bolshevik-style revolution.

Question 36

The "Okies" were poor rural whites from Oklahoma and other plains states that

A)received government assistance to stay on their land.
B)marched on the nation's capital demanding federal relief.
C)experienced discrimination similar to that of African Americans.
D)migrated to Colorado for a better life.

Question 37

The subject matter of books,radio programs,and movies during the Depression was generally aimed at

A)distraction and escape.
B)contemplation of human virtues and the true meaning of life.
C)making sense of grim realities of the present.
D)informing readers with practical advice.

Question 38

The Wagner Act of 1935

A)allowed agricultural workers to form and join unions.
B)set up a system by which employees would pay a tax into a fund that would pay retired workers a pension.
C)established the idea that the federal government lacked the constitutional authority to regulate on the state level.
D)strengthened the rights of unions to collectively bargain.

Question 39

Father Coughlin's National Union for Social Justice demanded

A)more public works programs to relieve the unemployed.
B)government takeover of all banks and most industries.
C)civil rights legislation.
D)equal treatment for Catholics in employment.

Question 40

Which of the following was NOT an aspect of the new and distinctive "American diet"?

A)highly advertised breakfast cereals
B)chemical additives
C)regional cuisines
D)pre-prepared foods

Question 41

Concerning the fight against racial segregation and disenfranchisement,FDR

A)pushed Congress unsuccessfully to pass civil rights legislation.
B)worked with Congress to pass an anti-lynching bill.
C)did virtually nothing.
D)engaged the full force of the New Deal to attack racial injustices.

Question 42

More than any other medium used by FSA artists,________ struck a deep emotional chord and built sympathy for farmers' plight.

A)the printed word
B)photography
C)drawings
D)songs

Question 43

By 1940,________ Americans received some kind of direct federal aid.

A)one in three
B)half of all
C)one in eight
D)virtually all

Question 44

Analyze the various factors that contributed to Great Depression.

Question 45

After 1938,Roosevelt

A)began to roll back some of the New Deal programs that had been so popular.
B)vigorously ramped up New Deal legislation with the help of growing Democratic majorities in Congress.
C)implemented a new strategy known as pump priming.
D)pursued no major legislation.

Question 46

The Tennessee Valley Authority was primarily concerned with

A)providing food to the poor in several states to combat malnutrition.
B)bringing electricity to an impoverished region.
C)expanding civil rights for African Americans in eight southern states.
D)regulating the farming industry in the South.

Question 47

Explain Hoover's response to the Wall Street crash and Depression from 1929 through 1932,and assess the public reaction to his policies and the prevailing economic conditions.

Question 48

Describe the challenges faced by farmers and rural America during the Depression,and summarize the efforts to address their plight.

Question 49

Assess the cultural changes that developed during the Depression years,including entertainment,eating habits,the phenomenon of the teenager,and the nature of advertising.

Question 50

The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO),formed in 1938,welcomed into its ranks

A)women and African Americans,but not communists.
B)African Americans and communists,but not women.
C)women,African Americans,and communists.
D)communists and women,but not African Americans.

Question 51

What forms of opposition to the New Deal arose during this period? Explain the essence of the criticism from both the left and the right,and summarize the opposition organizations and agencies that emerged.

Question 52

Describe the criticism that was leveled at FDR's New Deal in 1935,and summarize how and with what programs Roosevelt responded.

Question 53

The economic theory of Keynesianism advocated federal spending along with

A)higher interest rates and lower taxes.
B)higher interest rates and higher taxes.
C)lower interest rates and lower taxes.
D)lower interest rates and higher taxes.

Question 54

Which of the following was NOT one of the organizations or agencies that opposed leftist causes and communism?

A)HUAC
B)FBI
C)AFL
D)CIO

Question 55

Summarize the legislation of the First New Deal.

Question 56

The Scottsboro Boys,nine black teenagers convicted and sentenced to death for the alleged rape of two white women,

A)were ultimately freed as a result of a Supreme Court decision.
B)had their conviction overturned,only to have five of them later reconvicted.
C)all served their full sentences.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 57

By 1937 the nation's economy was

A)entering a new recession.
B)emerging more robustly than in the previous year.
C)holding steady.
D)collapsing as it did in 1929.