Deck 16: Southern Reconstruction, 1862-1883

Question 1

In an attempt to limit the power of the southern landed-owning aristocracy,many yeoman farmers joined

A)Union Leagues.
B)labor unions.
C)the Ku Klux Klan.
D)the army.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The greatest fear among white southerners after the Civil War was

A)the loss of their wealth.
B)the loss of southern culture due to integration with freed African Americans.
C)armed mobs of freedpeople trying to seize their plantations.
D)the federal government arresting plantation owners for crimes against the slaves.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following groups bitterly opposed Lincoln's Reconstruction plans?

A)Southern Democrats
B)Moderate Republicans
C)Radical Republicans
D)Northern Democrats

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Reconstruction,in the beginning,simply referred to

A)the literal rebuilding of the wartorn southern states.
B)integrating the newly freed slaves into southern society.
C)sending federal agents to manage the southern states after the war.
D)the legal terms and conditions of the readmission of southern states to the Union.

Question 5

The challenging task of the Freedmen's Bureau was made even more difficult due to

A)raids by the KKK.
B)the difficulty in keeping track of the many people who did not have a permanent family name.
C)the inability to manage the large sums of money appropriated to them by Congress.
D)lack of participation.

Question 6

Abraham Lincoln played a role in which phase of Reconstruction?

A)Wartime Reconstruction
B)Presidential Reconstruction
C)Congressional Reconstruction
D)Abraham Lincoln played a leading role in all phases of Reconstruction.

Question 7

Andrew Johnson's attitude toward African Americans and Reconstruction is best described by which of the following statements?

A)He was a radical abolitionist who thought the institution of slavery was immoral and unjust.
B)He issued executive orders to confiscate plantation lands and redistribute them to ex-slaves.
C)While he resented the power of the southern planter class,he grudgingly helped them regain their privileged status.
D)He forged a coalition of freedpeople,yeomen,and Republicans to break the power of the planter class.

Question 8

Tens of thousands of ex-slaves died during the war

A)after being forced to fight in the conflict.
B)after being hunted down by their former owners.
C)from hunger after wandering the countryside looking for food.
D)from an outbreak of smallpox.

Question 9

Frederick Douglass believed the supreme symbol of freedom for African Americans was

A)the reuniting of families with males as head of household.
B)the right to vote.
C)land ownership.
D)the right to hold political office.

Question 10

Street processions as a public way for freedpeople to celebrate their new liberty included which of the following?

A)men,women,and children carrying signs and banners with slogans proclaiming their freedom
B)uniformed black soldiers symbolizing their willingness to defend their new freedoms
C)a flotilla of tableaux with scenes depicting the evils of slavery
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is consistent with President Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan?

A)If ten percent of a state's 1860 voters signed a pledge of loyalty,a state could hold elections to rejoin the Union.
B)While holding Confederate officials accountable,the average southerner was not to be punished.
C)Southern states would have to accept the end of slavery.
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 12

What constitutional issue did the president and Congress face in carrying out Reconstruction?

A)The Constitution provided penalties for states that seceded,but not for individuals.
B)The Constitution was clear on restructuring state governments,but not societal structures.
C)The Constitution gave clear instructions to the president,but not to Congress.
D)The Constitution gave no clear guidance for dealing with state secession and readmission.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true of the Freedmen's Bureau?

A)It was a special agency of the War Department.
B)It was charged with overseeing southern Reconstruction.
C)It helped feed millions of starving ex-slaves but refused to give aid to poor white southerners.
D)It was under the direction of General Oliver O.HowarD.

Question 14

The political impact of President Lincoln's assassination was that

A)the tragedy caused northern and southern politicians to resolve their differences.
B)it caused the Radical Republicans to moderate their desire to punish the South.
C)it caused great resentment toward the southern leaders and a fear there might be another war.
D)it turned public opinion against the Radical Republicans.

Question 15

President Lincoln's veto of the Wade-Davis Bill

A)caused southerners to feel he had abandoned his pledge of leniency.
B)showed his support for the Radical Republican's agenda.
C)turned moderate Republicans against him.
D)was overturned in Congress.

Question 16

The "twin pillars" of the emerging vibrant black communities were

A)state-sponsored schools and the federal government.
B)the Union Army and the federal government.
C)independent schools and churches.
D)state governments and local community centers.

Question 17

What made slavery illegal in all of the United Sates?

A)the Emancipation Proclamation
B)the Thirteenth Amendment
C)the Fourteenth Amendment
D)the Fifteenth Amendment

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT among the important reasons freedpeople wanted a guarantee of available land?

A)revenge against former slave owners
B)a strengthening of their economic and political power
C)an acknowledgment of their freedom
D)the ability to establish and sustain their families and communities

Question 19

The federal government's rumored plan to confiscate the lands of the plantation owners and distribute the land among the freed slaves was called

A)Radical Reconstruction.
B)the Christmas Jubilee.
C)the Grapevine Telegraph.
D)the Jubilee Insurrection.

Question 20

What member of Congress was a leading voice of opposition to President Lincoln's plans for Reconstruction?

A)Thaddeus Stevens
B)Andrew Johnson
C)Henry Clay
D)Daniel Webster

Question 21

Black candidates for office were LEAST likely to be

A)ministers or educators.
B)fugitive slaves who had returned from the North.
C)impoverished freedpeople from the South.
D)southern blacks who had been free for generations.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the fiscal situation of the state governments in the South?

A)Due to massive monetary aid from the federal government,budget deficits were avoided.
B)Tax revenues increased as more poor whites and blacks became landowners.
C)Wealthy planters became increasingly unhappy with Reconstruction governments as their tax burdens increased.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 23

Which of the following was NOT among the provisions of the Reconstruction Act of 1867?

A)The South was divided into five military districts.
B)Federal military officers were to register all eligible adult males.
C)Southern states were required to hold elections and elect new,racially inclusive governments.
D)The president was required to relinquish power over Reconstruction and the military to Congress

Question 24

The new state constitutions enacted in the South can best be described by which of the following statements?

A)While making positive strides toward a more inclusive society,the new southern constitutions were more inherently racist than those in the northern states.
B)The new southern constitutions were more democratic and egalitarian than anything Americans anywhere had known previously.
C)While some white southerners sympathetic to the needs of blacks helped write the new constitutions,there were no black delegates.
D)Some southern states included the Black Codes in their new constitutions.

Question 25

The Black Codes were laws enacted in most southern states that were intended to

A)protect the rights of ex-slaves from being abused by white southerners.
B)reinstitute slavery.
C)put restrictions on freedpeople and keep them in a disadvantaged status.
D)provide job training for freedpeople in skilled occupations.

Question 26

Southern Democrats referred to white northerners who were a part of the southern Republican coalition as

A)scalawags.
B)carpetbaggers.
C)yellow dogs.
D)interlopers.

Question 27

Which of the following caused white supremacy to gain momentum?

A)the association of blacks with the defeat by the North in the Civil War
B)desperate economic times
C)preaching of prominent ministers in white churches
D)conflicts arising from the integration of schools

Question 28

The Fourteenth Amendment

A)allowed Congress to penalize states by reducing their representation in Congress if a state disenfranchised any male citizens.
B)passed in some southern states due to the support of President Johnson.
C)gave the power to determine civil rights back to the states.
D)put an end to violence against blacks in the South due to its harsh penalties for such actions.

Question 29

Which of the following is true of African American women in the South during Reconstruction?

A)They were able to serve on juries and become judges.
B)They asserted their newly gained political rights.
C)They relied on the courts and legal system to protect them from domestic violence.
D)Unlike most Americans they did not see women as subordinate to men and become an example to all women.

Question 30

Emboldened by the election of President Ulysses Grant,who supported the Congressional Reconstruction agenda,Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment that

A)stated that the right to vote could not be denied on the basis of "race,color,or previous state of servitude."
B)extended voting rights to women and Native Americans.
C)allowed the federal government to limit the right to vote,but not the states.
D)ordered the president to enforce the right to vote for all male citizens.

Question 31

The cause of the final confrontation between President Johnson and Congress,which led to the impeachment of the president,was

A)the passage of the Reconstruction Act.
B)the passage and violation of the Tenure of Office Act.
C)Johnson's violation of the Fourteenth Amendment.
D)Johnson's appointment of Edwin Stanton as Secretary of War.

Question 32

Which statement is true of schools and education in the black communities?

A)There was very little interest in literacy and education among freedpeople,due to the fact these had been denied them when they were slaves.
B)During Reconstruction most public schools in the South were completely integrated.
C)Black schoolchildren in the South had to hide their schoolbooks and be careful of the routes they walked to school due to harassment and assaults by whites.
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 33

The agricultural system known as sharecropping

A)involved a worker being paid for a specific task rather than being paid an hourly wage.
B)was established to assist black farmers but was not offered to white farmers.
C)did not allow poor farmers to own the land,but allowed them to live and work free of overseers.
D)allowed almost all poor farmers in the South to become landowners.

Question 34

The needed northern investment in the southern economy

A)was spurred on by the South's radically democratic governments.
B)surged after the war as investment returned to the South,as opposed to the West as it had during the war.
C)never really materialized,as it was considered risky and unstable.
D)was encouraged through massive government subsidies.

Question 35

Which of the following statements best summarizes the impact of the Ku Klux Klan?

A)While it intimidated many blacks on a local basis it had little impact region-wide in the South.
B)Its only real support among whites was among poor farmers and ex-Confederate soldiers.
C)Its impact was short-lived due to the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871.
D)Despite vigorous efforts by the federal government to suppress the Klan,its message of white supremacy took hold throughout much of the South.

Question 36

Hiram Revels

A)was denied the right to serve in government due to his race,even though he was legally elected.
B)was the first black man to serve in the United States Senate.
C)became famous as a pacifist who refused to fight in the Civil War before becoming a politician.
D)was a leading scalawag.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the importance and significance of black churches?

A)While women in black churches could not be ordained as minister,they took on leadership roles in missionary societies,literacy programs,and many other church programs.
B)Churches were the only black institutions completely independent of planter or white authority.
C)Churches were responsible for a dramatic increase in the literacy rate among blacks.
D)Black ministers were careful to avoid political speech in the pulpit and upheld the principle of the separation of church and state.

Question 38

Racial segregation and prejudice in the South

A)resulted in white state and county officials refusing to carry out directives from higher-ranking black officials.
B)were used against poor blacks but not against black officeholders or prominent individuals such as Frederick Douglass.
C)were a new development that had never existed in other parts of the country.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 39

The discovery of the mistreatment of freedpeople under the Black Codes at public hearings held by the Joint House and Senate Committee on Reconstruction led to all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)a civil rights bill that recognized all people born in the United States as national citizens (except Native Americans)
B)a dismantling of the failed Freedmen's Bureau
C)legislation giving the federal government the power to prosecute states that deprived citizens of their citizenship or equal legal rights
D)a united Congress that was able to override President Johnson's vetoes

Question 40

The concept of cotton being "white gold" led to

A)southern farming becoming less monocultural.
B)the protection of southern farmers from price fluctuations.
C)soil depletion and less robust crops,due to lack of crop rotation.
D)southern crop failures becoming increasingly devastating.

Question 41

Analyze the rise and impact of white supremacist movements in the South.Explain the causes for their rise,identify the segments of society involved,and describe the impact they had on southern society and politics.

Question 42

Summarize the ways in which the U.S.Supreme Court and other federal courts impeded the progress of Reconstruction and racial integration in the South,including specific court cases and judicial decisions.

Question 43

Compare and contrast Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan for Reconstruction to Congress's plan in the Wade-Davis Bill,and explain the political impact of President Lincoln's veto of that bill.

Question 44

Compare the differing expectations in the post-Civil War South held by black southerners and white southerners,and explain how land ownership became a key issue.

Question 45

The greatest obstacle to carrying out civil rights legislation on the federal government level was

A)the president's lack of leadership in executing laws.
B)gridlock in Congress.
C)the federal courts blocking the implementation of laws.
D)bureaucratic costs.

Question 46

What is meant by a "redeemed" state?

A)a southern state that no longer required federal officials or military oversight
B)a southern state that had made great strides in racial integration
C)a southern state that had been won back by the Democrats
D)a great increase in independent black churches in a southern state

Question 47

The southern Republican Party suffered from internal divisions caused by

A)black Republicans refusing to go along with increased taxation.
B)conflict over African Americans holding positions of leadership in the party.
C)the increasing number of northerners arriving in the South and joining the party.
D)the disagreement over issues pertaining to equal civil and political rights.

Question 48

Explain how in the early years of Reconstruction political and economic conditions drew black southerners and poor white southerners together,and identify what institutions proved beneficial to both these groups.

Question 49

Explain how freedpeople asserted their newfound freedoms in economic,political,and symbolic ways,and identify institutions within the black community that assisted their progress.

Question 50

Which statement best describes the results of Reconstruction?

A)The effort failed in every way to meet its goals.
B)Although there were problems involved in the process,in the end conditions were much better for African Americans in the South by the end of Reconstruction.
C)Northern support for Reconstruction remained strong and resolved to the end.
D)While the immediate results were not as positive as African Americans had hoped,the amendments and legislation enacted proved vital in future efforts to secure civil rights.

Question 51

In the 1870s,Memorial Day celebrations in the North

A)began to focus on reuniting the country as opposed to heralding the end of slavery and winning the war.
B)became political rallies to punish the South for trying to return to pre-Civil War days.
C)saw northerners desecrate the graves of southerners who had died on northern battlefields.
D)illustrated the growing political divide between Liberal Republicans and Southern Democratic "Redeemers."

Question 52

The Supreme Court's rulings on the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments

A)strengthened the power of the federal government in prosecuting southern individuals.
B)stated they only applied to actions of the state governments and did not apply to private individuals and groups such as the White Leagues.
C)weakened the white supremacist movements.
D)gave assurance to black southerners that the federal government would protect them.

Question 53

The violent attack on the Colfax courthouse in Louisiana

A)led to the deaths of several White League paramilitary members.
B)saw the courthouse successfully defended by the state militia.
C)led to the death of over 200 black defenders and the overthrow of the Republican government.
D)caused outrage in the North,which led to a greater determination to carry on Reconstruction.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the presidential election of 1876?

A)Republicans faced a challenge due to scandals involving the Hayes presidency.
B)The Democratic candidate Tilden did not received the majority of popular votes.
C)It resulted in the Compromise of 1877,which effectively put an end to Reconstruction.
D)The contested election was decided by the Supreme Court.

Question 55

Discuss how sharecropping was both similar to and different from slavery.

Question 56

What was prohibited by the Posse Comitatus Act?

A)discrimination in public services such as transportation and schools
B)discrimination in private services such as restaurants
C)the use of the army to enforce laws
D)the use of the army against any state of the Union.

Question 57

A split in the northern Republican Party resulted in the formation of the Liberal Republican Party,which

A)believed the Republicans had abandoned the Radical Reconstruction agendA.
B)formed in opposition to the new constitutional amendments.
C)supported the Klan Acts but wanted stricter enforcement of them.
D)believed ex-Confederates should be allowed back in government,because otherwise the South's best men were being denied positions of power.