Deck 2: Contexts of Sexuality: Culture, History and Religion

Question 1

Sexual cultures function today as a way of both helping people to adapt to their environments and controlling their social relationships.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Adolescent male Bonobo chimpanzees leave their group to find mates and to create new patriarchal groups.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A sexual norm remains constant across culture.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In the 19^th century,as the first women's emancipation movement gathered momentum,children came to be deemed as sexual creatures in their own right.

Question 5

Creating a social network of like-minded friends and family helps people to reconcile their beliefs with their sexual individuality and well-being.

Question 6

Early Judaic law makes it clear that a husband and wife should consider sex to be a pleasurable activity.

Question 7

At present,all Christian groups in the U.S.are supportive of women holding high positions such as that of the clergy.

Question 8

Homosexuality was an exclusive sexual practice in ancient Greece.

Question 9

In sexually approving cultures,young people tend to learn about sexuality by observation,and then exploration.

Question 10

Homosexuality is not tabooed in Buddhism and the general public is often encouraged to get involved in same-sex relationships.

Question 11

The Puritan society in the U.S.enjoyed mutual sexual pleasure in their intimate relationships and marriages.

Question 12

The essence of our species can be passed on through evolution and procreation.

Question 13

Early Islamic civilization professed values of male sexual honor,and female virginity before marriage.

Question 14

A core belief of most world religions is that human sexuality is a product of human design.

Question 15

Sexual chauvinism has a positive affect on sexual well-being.

Question 16

The practice of placing behavior in context is known as cultural relativism.

Question 17

Encouraging people to respect sexual and gender diversity is part of the UCC's mission.

Question 18

Sexual unlearning is less common in societies that undergo rapid change.

Question 19

Differences in sexual norms decrease diversity in sexual behavior.

Question 20

In Turkey and Morocco,it is seen that the Muslim population treats men and women equally.

Question 21

The unique traits related to human sexuality come from the combination of three elements: our species,_____,and individuality.

A) sexual chauvinism
B) culture
C) ethnocentrism
D) collective narcissism
E) sinocentrism

Question 22

Which of the following is one of the factors that differentiate humans from Bonobos?

A) Absence of orgasm during sexual intercourse
B) Absence of an estrus period among females
C) Indulgence in face-to-face genital sex
D) Diversity of sexual behaviors
E) Indulgence in sex for pleasure

Question 23

Which of the following Bonobo sexual behaviors closely resembles that of humans?

A) The Bonobo chimpanzees indulge in face-to-face intercourse.
B) The average Bonobo sexual episode typically lasts for 15 minutes.
C) The Bonobo chimpanzees refrain from having sex during the estrus period.
D) The Bonobo chimpanzees indulge only in anal sex.
E) The Bonobo chimpanzees procreate twice every year.

Question 24

Prehistoric art directly connects sex with:

A) supernatural activities.
B) parapsychology.
C) spirituality.
D) pseudoscience.
E) psychokinesis.

Question 25

Cave paintings,carvings,statues,and tools of the age between 30,000 and 40,000 years ago provide evidence that in the ancient age:

A) sexual activities among humans were devoid of any emotional bonding.
B) humans indulged in sexual activities purely for the purpose of procreation.
C) humans indulged in sexual activities only during the estrus period of the female.
D) sexual pleasure was a prominent part of human sexual nature.
E) culture had no influence over human sexual behavior.

Question 26

In the context of sexual behavior,which of the following is true of the Bonobo chimpanzees?

A) The Bonobo females are sexually active only once a year.
B) The average Bonobo sexual episode typically lasts only 13 seconds.
C) The Bonobo chimpanzees refrain from having sex during the estrus period.
D) The Bonobo chimpanzees indulge only in anal sex.
E) The Bonobo chimpanzees procreate twice every year.

Question 27

Which of the following is a unique trait associated with the Bonobo chimpanzees?

A) They are not peaceable.
B) They are matriarchal.
C) The males are dominant.
D) The females are sexually active once a year.
E) They procreate once every year.

Question 28

_____ specifically refers to the phenomenon of females wanting to mate with the person who will provide strong genes for their offspring.

A) Mating
B) Nesting
C) Inbreeding
D) Linebreeding
E) Reproducing

Question 29

In ancient Greece,young teens had to undergo certain rituals to achieve masculinity and honor as well as to cultivate self-discipline and leadership.Which of the following is one of the rituals associated with this process?

A) Young men in their late teens had sexual relations with married women.
B) Young men in their late teens had sexual relations with older males.
C) Young men in their late teens had sexual relations with women in their late teens.
D) Young men in their late teens had sexual relations with a geisha.
E) Young men in their late teens had sexual relations with younger males.

Question 30

Which of the following sexual practices is closely associated with China's traditional culture?

A) Sexual practices were designed to heal the body.
B) Sexual practices were devoid of mutual pleasure.
C) Sexual practices were for the sole purpose of procreation.
D) Sexual practices were common only during the estrus period.
E) Sexual practices were devoid of emotional bonding.

Question 31

Why are Islam,Judaism,and Christianity referred to as the "Abrahamic" religions?

A) Because they share a common geography and history
B) Because they prohibit indulgence in oral sex
C) Because they share a common deity
D) Because they believe in many gods
E) Because they were against polygamous relations

Question 32

Which of the following is true of the estrus period in humans?

A) The genitals swell up during estrus.
B) Humans lose blood during the estrus period.
C) The uterine lining is shed during the estrus period.
D) The estrus period is concealed in humans.
E) The body stops producing FSH estrus.

Question 33

In the context of Bonobo chimpanzees,their indulgence in sex is likely to be highest:

A) when the female is in estrus.
B) when the male wants to assert his superiority.
C) when the female conceives.
D) when the female menstruates.
E) when the male wants to procreate.

Question 34

Which of the following best defines the estrus period?

A) It is the stage in which the fetus forms either male or female genitals depending on the chromosomal combination.
B) It is the point at which a woman stops producing luteinizing hormone.
C) It is the recurring time when a female ovulates and is most receptive to becoming pregnant.
D) It is the state after ejaculation in men in which the penis becomes soft and loses its erection.
E) It is the period after resolution in men when they are sexually active.

Question 35

Pair bonding is best defined as:

A) the principle that gives people a sense of group cohesion.
B) the blend of biology and culture working together to produce sexual behavior.
C) the shared beliefs among humans regarding death,and immortality.
D) the unique sense of self that man has within the context of culture.
E) the sexual and romantic association between two people.

Question 36

Language and culture has:

A) clouded our shared cultural knowledge.
B) made human adaptation more efficient.
C) led to the loss of a sense of finite time.
D) decreased the practice of mating.
E) reduced instances of pair-bonding.

Question 37

In the context of Buddhism,which of the following is true?

A) Buddhism believes that sex is bad for health and advises its followers to abstain from sex.
B) Buddhism accepts a broad spectrum of sexual expression,so long as it is not excessive.
C) Buddhism is strongly against same-sex relationships and considers it to be an unforgivable sin.
D) Buddhism believes that one should indulge in sex only for the purpose of procreation and not for pleasure.
E) Buddhism celebrates female fertility and strongly preaches the idea of a matriarchal society.

Question 38

The unique traits related to human sexuality such as indulging in sexual activity for recreation,creating rules and beliefs around sex,are mainly associated with three elements.Which of the following is one of these basic elements?

A) Sexual chauvinism
B) Individuality
C) Ethnocentrism
D) Collective narcissism
E) Sinocentrism

Question 39

In prehistoric India,where Hinduism had a strong hold:

A) same-sex relationships were given more importance than heterosexual relationships.
B) sexual activities were mainly associated with procreation and not with pleasure.
C) importance was given to mutual sexual satisfaction for both men and women.
D) the idea of geisha,beautiful female companions for men had originated.
E) sex was mainly considered bad for health and so men and women were segregated.

Question 40

Which of the following is one of the unique traits typically associated with human sexuality?

A) Human beings indulge in sexual activities solely for procreation.
B) Human beings indulge in sexual activities only during certain seasons.
C) Human beings pursue sex for fun and pleasure.
D) Culture has no influence over human sexuality.
E) Sexual intercourse among humans is devoid of any form of emotional bond.

Question 41

One area related to beliefs about sexual pleasure in which the ancient Muslim East diverged from the ancient Christian West was that:

A) Muslims encouraged the marriage between individuals of different cultures.
B) Muslims believed that it was a husband's duty to pleasure his wife sexually.
C) Muslims believed that sexual pleasure should solely be centered on the man.
D) Muslims discouraged its followers from indulging in sexual activities for pleasure.
E) Muslims were against institutions like marriage and family and encouraged free sex.

Question 42

Sexual unlearning is best defined as the pattern of sexual socialization:

A) in which an individual is taught that certain behaviors to which he/she has naturally been accustomed to is considered to be abnormal in his/her culture.
B) in which an individual learns that one should engage in the sexual norms or practices of other sexual cultures in order to show their respect for that culture.
C) in which an individual is encouraged to come in terms with one's sexual identity,that of being a homosexual or a heterosexual.
D) in which the individuals of a group are taught to believe that one's sexual culture is superior to others.
E) in which the individuals of a sexually approving culture learn about sexuality by observation,and then exploration.

Question 43

In the context of the Victorian Era,which of the following is true?

A) In the Victorian age,children were encouraged to explore and assert their sexual identity.
B) In the Victorian age,women were free to indulge in sex for pleasure apart from the purpose of procreation.
C) In the Victorian age,the genders were highly polarized and this was expressed in male and female sexuality.
D) In the Victorian era,women were expected to be sexually aggressive,and expressive of their "sex drives".
E) In the Victorian age,all forms of prostitutions and homosexuality were made legal.

Question 44

Which of the following is the major factor behind the presence of diversity in sexual behavior across culture?

A) Existence of cultural chauvinism
B) Practice of sexual relativism
C) Different sexual norms
D) Presence of sexual chauvinism
E) Polygamous relations

Question 45

People's expectations form the ideal blueprint of a sexual culture and are put into practice through _____.

A) sexual norms
B) sexual fantasies
C) sexual chauvinism
D) sexual identities
E) sexual unlearning

Question 46

A(n)_____ is best defined as the standard of sexual behavior expected of people in a particular role,relationship,and situation.

A) ethical sexuality
B) sexual norm
C) sexual appetite
D) sexual selection
E) moral sexuality

Question 47

In the 1930s and 1940s,massive migrations due to the Great Depression and then war impacted heavily on gender roles.Which of the following is one of the most prominent changes typically associated with this age?

A) Women were more in favor of homosexual relations than heterosexual liaisons.
B) Women held jobs previously considered being exclusive to men,such as that of factory workers.
C) Women were restricted from expressing sexual pleasure,and were even considered abnormal if they enjoyed sex.
D) Men were increasingly encouraged to be sexually aggressive,and express their innate "sex drives".
E) Men increasingly joined Christian purity movements in droves,seeking the solidarity of other men.

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of an instance of cultural chauvinism?

A) A parent kisses a child on the head
B) Two individuals indulge in oral sex
C) A man supports polygamy
D) A man looks down upon cultures permitting homosexuality
E) Two individuals of the same sex tie the wedding knot

Question 49

Sexual socialization is best defined as:

A) the process that encourages one to come in terms with one's sexual identity.
B) the process of training people from infancy to adulthood to inculcate a standard sexual behavior.
C) the process of setting standards of sexual behavior expected of people in a particular role,relationship,and situation.
D) the process of studying sexual behavior by placing it in context.
E) the process that leads to the establishment of the belief that one's sexual culture is superior to others.

Question 50

Which of the following instances primarily challenged the Roman Catholic Church and the power of clerics in the fourteenth century?

A) Rise of Hinduism in the East
B) Establishment of the Holy Inquisition
C) New discoveries in science and astronomy
D) Popularity of Buddhism
E) Fall of the Roman Empire

Question 51

The term chivalry associated with Christian knights connected to the Crusades mainly encourages:

A) sexual promiscuity.
B) valor in women.
C) purity of the body.
D) homosexuality.
E) solipsism.

Question 52

In sexually approving cultures,young people are most likely to learn about sexuality:

A) by the process of sexual unlearning.
B) from religious texts.
C) in secret houses built for initiation into adulthood.
D) by observing,and then exploring.
E) from religious ministers.

Question 53

The tendency of judging another groups behavior to be inferior when compared against the standards of the group one belongs to is referred to as:

A) cultural relativism.
B) egalitarian behavior.
C) cultural chauvinism.
D) sexual culture.
E) sexual norm.

Question 54

The belief that one's sexual culture is superior to others is specifically referred to as:

A) cultural relativism.
B) egalitarian behavior.
C) sexual chauvinism.
D) sexual culture.
E) sexual norm.

Question 55

In the late 19^th century it was observed that men increasingly went to pubs,joined secret male societies or Christian purity movements in droves,seeking the solidarity of other men and a sense of a haven away from their home.Which of the following is the primary reason behind this trend?

A) The rise of women's demands for equality that threatened masculinity
B) The repressive measures taken on homosexuals by the federal government
C) The increasing visibility of heterosexuals that threatened masculinity
D) The emergence of the Boys Scouts that was not supported by the women population
E) The desire to break free of the notions that required men to be sexually aggressive

Question 56

Which of the following was an important event of the 19^th century?

A) Mechanisms to control disease,including sexual "diseases" were established in the U.S.
B) All forms of prostitution were legalized by the U.S government.
C) The legal constraints on homosexuality were lifted in the U.S.
D) Gay marriages were made legal in the U.S.
E) Religious institutions were restricted from opposing inter-caste marriages in the U.S.

Question 57

What was the primary reason behind the persecution of the Italian physicist Galileo Galilei?

A) Galileo had propagated the evolutionary theory that contradicted the teachings of the Church.
B) Galileo had propagated the theory that the earth rotates around the sun that contradicted the Church's view of the heavens as unchanging.
C) Galileo had propagated the theory that man has originated from apes,which rejected the Churches' idea that God created man.
D) Galileo had supported and encouraged the concept of homosexuality that was labeled as a sin by the Church.
E) Galileo was a pagan and preached the idea that the sun was the most powerful force in the universe and everything else revolved around the sun.

Question 58

In the context of sexual socializing,one striking difference between sexually approving cultures and sexually disapproving cultures is that in the latter:

A) instances of sexual unlearning are more common.
B) instances of learning about sexuality by observation are more common.
C) instances of sexual chauvinism are less common.
D) instances of cultural chauvinism are less common.
E) polygamous relations are non-existent.

Question 59

Sexual culture is best defined as:

A) the standard of sexual behavior expected of a particular person in a specific role.
B) the system that trains people from infancy to adulthood to follow a particular sexual conduct.
C) the self-identification by an individual as heterosexual,bisexual,or homosexual.
D) the inner sense of deep belief in an ultimate reality that is held by every individual.
E) the specific expectations for sexual behavior that various cultures have built into their roles and institutions.

Question 60

Which of the following is a practice that one should adhere to so as to avoid being disrespectful toward other sexual cultures?

A) One should engage in the sexual norms or practices of other sexual cultures.
B) One should not disagree with any aspects of the other sexual cultures.
C) One should adapt their own personal sexual style and beliefs to situations where others are very different.
D) One should assume a person has certain sexual norms if they belong to a specific ethnic group.
E) One should know everything there is about different sexual cultures throughout the world.

Question 61

In the context of Judaism,which of the following is true?

A) It believes that masturbation is healthy.
B) It approves pre-marital sex unlike Islam
C) It prohibits abortion irrespective of the circumstances.
D) It accepts the use of contraception.
E) It prohibits people from getting divorced.

Question 62

In general,compared to polytheistic religions,monotheistic religions are:

A) more sex-approving.
B) more approving of worshipping multiple deities.
C) less sex-negative.
D) less approving of sexual chauvinism.
E) less sex-approving.

Question 63

In the context of present day societies practicing Christianity,which of the following is true?

A) All Christian communities prohibit the discussion of matters related to sex.
B) All Christian communities consider pre-marital sex to be a sin.
C) Catholics support abortion but Protestants are against abortion
D) Catholics do not tolerate divorce but Protestants are more supportive.
E) All Christian communities forbid adulterous relations.

Question 64

In the context of Buddhism,which of the following is true?

A) It discourages the discussion of matters related to sex.
B) It approves pre-marital sex unlike Hinduism.
C) It does not support abortion as it disrupts harmony.
D) It strongly prohibits the use of contraception.
E) It prohibits people from getting divorced.

Question 65

In the context of present day societies practicing Hinduism,which of the following is true?

A) It encourages the open discussion of matters related to sex.
B) It strongly disapproves pre-marital sex.
C) It condemns the indulgence in sex for recreation.
D) It strongly prohibits the use of contraception.
E) It prohibits people from getting divorced.

Question 66

The religious practice of worshipping many gods is referred to as:

A) monotheism.
B) polytheism.
C) atheism.
D) adevism.
E) empiricism.

Question 67

In general,Buddhism:

A) approves of non-vegetarianism.
B) approves of pre-marital sex.
C) prohibits abortion.
D) encourages mutual pleasure between spouses.
E) does not tolerate homosexuality.

Question 68

The belief in one God is referred to as:

A) monotheism.
B) polytheism.
C) atheism.
D) adevism.
E) empiricism.

Question 69

_____ are followers of a polytheistic religion.

A) Protestants
B) Muslims
C) Hindus
D) Roman Catholics
E) Anglicans

Question 70

Hindu tradition is exceptional in its acceptance of:

A) pleasure and sexuality.
B) pre-marital sex.
C) homosexuality.
D) abortion and contraception.
E) matriarchal society.

Question 71

Religious identity is best defined as:

A) the self-identification and subsequent acceptance of one's existence as a heterosexual,bisexual,or homosexual.
B) the social expression of an individual's faith in the context of one's community and nation.
C) the social expression of the strong belief that one's sexual culture is superior to others.
D) the act of embracing the morally upright and socially strict beliefs and practices of the Puritans.
E) the social expression of the strong belief in the superiority of one's cultural norms.

Question 72

During our childhood,we are not prohibited from running around nude.However as we grow up,we are taught that it is considered abnormal to be nude in public.This type of sexual socializing is specifically referred to as:

A) sexual chauvinism.
B) sexual unlearning.
C) cultural relativism.
D) sexual relativism.
E) cultural selection.

Question 73

In the context of Hinduism,which of the following is one of the guidelines related to sex?

A) Ultimate pleasure without any restraint is valued.
B) Sex is a taboo and not discussed openly in the home.
C) Women are not expected to be virgins when they marry.
D) Same-sex sexual desire is considered immoral.
E) Women are encouraged to tolerate adultery to save their marriage.

Question 74

Hindu philosophy is based on the view that:

A) it is natural for women to ask for a divorce when husbands indulge in adultery.
B) it is natural for people to indulge in homosexuality.
C) it is natural for women to lose their virginity before marriage.
D) it is natural for people to want pleasure.
E) it is natural for women to opt for abortion.

Question 75

In general,compared to monotheistic religions,polytheistic religions are:

A) more sex-approving.
B) more approving of worshipping one deity.
C) more sex-negative.
D) more approving of sexual chauvinism.
E) more sex-disapproving.

Question 76

Whether a religion is polytheistic or monotheistic:

A) has no influence over people's sense of reality as a community.
B) influences people's attitude toward sex to some extent.
C) has little relation as to the number of deities the followers worship.
D) has no effect on the sexual socializing process of a community.
E) has a strong influence on the estrus period.

Question 77

Judaism and Islam are examples of:

A) polytheistic religions.
B) atheistic religions.
C) monotheistic religions.
D) Vedic religions.
E) ancient Semitic religions.

Question 78

In the context of Islam,which of the following is true?

A) It encourages the discussion of matters related to sex.
B) It approves of pre-marital sex unlike Hinduism.
C) It does not accept abortion or contraception.
D) It does not allow divorce under any circumstance.
E) It approves of homosexuality and considers it healthy.

Question 79

Sexual unlearning is likely to be most common in societies that are:

A) sex-positive.
B) static.
C) sex-negative.
D) stable.
E) sex-approving.

Question 80

In the context of religious identity,which of the following is typically true?

A) It is isolated from the political affairs of a nation.
B) It has little relation to the sexual culture one belongs.
C) It as no influence over people's sense of reality as a community.
D) It influences how people raise their families.
E) It has no role in the way people view their sexual identity.