Deck 3: Animal Architecture

Question 1

A small shrew moving a given distance will bear a lesser energy cost per gram of body weight compared to the energy cost per gram of body weight in a horse moving the same distance.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Compared to flatworms,annelids are more flexible,larger,and have more space for internal organs.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A very small animal will have a larger surface area to volume ratio compared to a larger animal with the same shape.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Heart muscle is a type of nonstriated muscle.

Question 5

The word 'Protostome' refers to "anus first".

Question 6

As animals increase in size,the body surface (length)increases much more slowly than body volume,making it difficult for activities served from the body surface to provision the mass of cells within.

Question 7

The simple animal cell,like the protozoan cell,is capable of an independent existence.

Question 8

Mesoderm lines the outer edge of the blastocoel in pseudocoelomate roundworms.

Question 9

A large animal will have difficulty with respiration and digestion unless its body surface invaginates or it develops an internal transport system.
Multiple Choice Questions

Question 10

Embryos that display radial cleavage also display mosaic development.

Question 11

A coelom arising from pouches of the primitive gut or archeteron describes schizocoelous formation.

Question 12

The Metazoa consists of all multicellular animals except Porifera.

Question 13

Leeches are bilateral,flattened dorsoventrally and have reduced coeloms that do not serve as hydrostatic skeletons.What other traits are directly associated with this organism?

A)enterocoelomate body plan
B)absence of setae
C)cephalization
D)open vascular system

Question 14

The simplest animals are at the cellular grade of organization.

Question 15

Stratified squamous epithelium consists of two or more layers of cells and is found only in vertebrates.

Question 16

Radial symmetry may be found in jellyfish and sea anemones while secondary radial symmetry may be found in echinoderms.

Question 17

The vast majority of animal phyla are bilaterally symmetrical with three embryonic germ layers.

Question 18

A coelom in a segmented worm also serves as a hydrostatic skeleton.

Question 19

Both bilateral symmetry and radial symmetry are strongly associated with cephalization.

Question 20

Connective tissue,such as blood,consists of red and white blood cells and watery ground substance.

Question 21

Simple columnar epithelial cells with microvilli are found

A)in the intestine for absorption.
B)in the kidney for filtration.
C)in the pancreas for secretion.
D)all of the above

Question 22

A variety of non-nervous cells that insulate neurons and serve various supportive functions is ___________________.

Question 23

Flatworms differ from nematodes (roundworms)by having

A)a coelomate body plan.
B)a tube-within-a-tube body plan.
C)bilateral symmetry.
D)none of the above

Question 24

The early divergence of bilateral animals with coeloms resulted in two separate lineages known as

A)Protostomia and DeuterostomiA.
B)Pseudocoelomate and Eucoelomate.
C)Arthropod Body Plan and Annelid Body Plan.
D)Annelid Body Plan and Molluscan Body Plan.
Fill in the Blank Questions

Question 25

Characteristics of deuterostomes include

A)blastopore first become a mouth.
B)spiral cleavage.
C)mosaic embryo.
D)none of the above

Question 26

The main supportive material in arthropods,nematodes,and annelids is

A)loose connective tissue only.
B)bone.
C)cartilage.
D)cuticle.

Question 27

Large size

A)buffers an animal against temperature fluctuations.
B)provides greater protection against predation.
C)permits more efficient use of metabolic energy.
D)all of the above

Question 28

The grouping of single cells into definite patterns or layers represents the level of organization called the ___________.

Question 29

Which organism would express a true coelomate body plan?

A)Roundworm
B)Flatworm
C)Jellyfish
D)Frog

Question 30

The two major fluid compartments of the animal body are

A)the intracellular space and the interstitial space.
B)the extracellular space and the interstitial space.
C)the extracellular space and the intracellular space.
D)the extracellular space and the intercellular space.

Question 31

What other characteristics might be present in an organism that moves in a certain direction,such as toward food?

A)cephalization with polarity of the body axis
B)radial symmetry with concentration of nerves
C)a mouth located on the midventral region away from the head
D)none of the above

Question 32

Both flatworms and arthropods inhabit a variety of environments,yet flatworms are unable to fly.What theme best describes this limitation?

A)The coelomate arthropods are more flexible and have space for complex flight organs.
B)The cuticle of an arthropod supports flight muscles.
C)Ancestral traits limit the architecture of the flatworm.
D)Ancestral traits limit the architecture of the arthropoD.

Question 33

Fibrous protein found in connective tissue,and probably the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom,is _______________.

Question 34

What are the generalized development stages in metazoans (in order)?

A)zygote,blastula,gastrula,complete gut formation
B)zygote,gastrula,blastula,complete gut formation
C)zygote,gut formation,gastrula,blastula
D)none of the above

Question 35

The contractile elements within a muscle fiber are _____________________.

Question 36

The term intracellular literally means _______________.

Question 37

The study of tissues is called ____________.

Question 38

Similar cells grouped together to perform a common function is called _____________.

Question 39

You discover a radial symmetrical animal in an early development stage.How would you determine if it is an echinoderm or cnidarian?

A)Radiates have a tube-within-a-tube body plan.
B)Determine if two embryonic layers are present.
C)A digestive cavity is found in echinoderms.
D)True tissues are found in echinoderms.

Question 40

The tissue type composed of fibers and fixed and wandering cells suspended in a fluid matrix is __________________.

Question 41

An organism with an acoelomate body plan and bilateral symmetry is the _____________.

Question 42

The cleavage process that cleaves an egg oblique to its axis and produces cells that lie in furrows is named ___________ cleavage.

Question 43

If the blastomeres of a mollusc embryo are separated,each will give rise to a partial,defective larva in a process named _______________ development.

Question 44

Extracellular fluids are divided into blood plasma,interstitial fluid,and ________________.