Deck 13: Positive Psychotherapy

Question 1

According to positive psychology, the formula for happiness is, H (enduring level of happiness):

A)= S (personal set range) + C (circumstances) + V (factors under personal volitional control).
B)= S (support system ) + S (personal set range) + C (circumstances).
C)= C (circumstances) + V (factors under personal volitional control).
D)= S (support system ) + S (personal set range) + C (circumstances) + V (factors under personal volitional control).

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Being aware of one's blessings and taking time to express thanks (i.e., gratitude) is considered a character strength under which of the virtues?

A)Wisdom
B)Temperance
C)Transcendence
D)Courage

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A full life is the:

A)sum of pleasure, engagement, and meaning.
B)more than the sum of pleasure, engagement, and meaning.
C)acquisition of all 24 character strengths.
D)continuous displaying of the six virtues.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The primary difference between positive psychology approaches and other therapy approaches is that positive psychology focuses on:

A)restructuring negative thoughts.
B)evidence-based approaches to treatment.
C)building character strengths.
D)changing maladaptive behaviors.

Question 5

Which of the following virtues describes an individual's strengths that underlie healthy community life?

A)Transcendence
B)Wisdom
C)Temperance
D)Justice

Question 6

When an individual uses their signature strengths to belong to and serve something bigger than oneself, Martin Seligman would say this is related to the:

A)pleasant life.
B)meaningful life.
C)engaged life.
D)community life.

Question 7

Proponents of positive psychology have pointed out the limited attention the literature pays to positive human characteristics.For example, since 1887, Psychological Abstracts articles have a negative to positive ratio of:

A)2:1.
B)4:1.
C)8:1.
D)14:1.

Question 8

Positive psychology emerged because:

A)clients make substantial changes as a result of therapy.
B)traditional psychotherapy has found a cure for many disorders.
C)about 10% of clients terminate therapy prematurely.
D)psychotherapy has become largely a science of victimology.

Question 9

Which of the following virtues describes an individual's strengths that forge connections to the larger universe and provide meaning?

A)Transcendence
B)Wisdom
C)Temperance
D)Justice

Question 10

Csikszentmihalyi coined the term flow to refer to:

A)the interrelationship of therapist-client working on character strengths.
B)a psychological state brought about by intense concentration.
C)one's ability to savor an experience by focusing on the five senses.
D)beliefs in a stream that naturally occur unconsciously.

Question 11

A state characterized by positive emotions, a strong sense of personal meaning, good work, and positive relationships is referred to as:

A)judgment.
B)understanding.
C)insight.
D)flourishing.

Question 12

Fredrickson (2009) found that an individual must experience how many positive emotions for every single negative emotion to reach the threshold for flourishing?

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)10

Question 13

A dynamic strength assessment uses the:

A)antecedents-behavior-consequences analysis.
B)Ericksonian stages of development.
C)moral development schematic.
D)values in action classification model.

Question 14

Since its inception, the Diagnostic Statistical Manual(s) created by the American Psychiatric Association has catalogued hundreds of psychiatric symptoms for disorders, but it only began including a single and coherent classification of strengths in:

A)1980.
B)1998.
C)2004.
D)2012.

Question 15

Which of the following theorists felt that negatives were an indispensable element of human existence and assumed defenses were built to repress these conflicts and manage the unbearable anxiety they caused?

A)Albert Ellis
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Marty Seligman
D)Aaron Beck

Question 16

Chris Peterson would argue that many psychological disorders could be understood as:

A)unresolved unconscious conflicts.
B)repetitive engagement in maladaptive behaviors.
C)an absence or excess of character strengths.
D)an individual's unwillingness to develop strengths.

Question 17

In the treatment of many psychological disorders, including depression, evidence-based therapies and pharmacotherapy both hit a ceiling at about:

A)95 percent.
B)65 percent.
C)45 percent.
D)25 percent.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT considered a virtue in positive psychology?

A)Wisdom
B)Transcendence
C)Attractiveness
D)Courage

Question 19

The Values in Action-Inventory of Strengths is administered online to clients in positive psychotherapy to identify:

A)signature strengths.
B)interpersonal support systems.
C)actions reflecting strengths.
D)character building experiences.

Question 20

Which of the following virtues describes an individual's strengths that protect against excesses?

A)Transcendence
B)Wisdom
C)Temperance
D)Justice

Question 21

Studies evaluating positive psychotherapy have found that the positive psychotherapy exercises:

A)can be altered in sequence as needed.
B)cannot be adopted for other treatment modalities.
C)should be delivered in the sequence recommended.
D)are not able to be adapted effectively to on-line activities.

Question 22

Martin Seligman states that the treatment of psychological disorders has hit a _____% barrier, with placebo accounting for _____ to ____% of this response rate.

Question 23

In a study integrating positive psychotherapy with dialectical behavioral therapy (Rashid & Uliaszek, 2012) to treat borderline personality disorder, the intervention group:

A)showed comparable improvement to treatment as usual.
B)lead to a reduction in adherence to the DBT techniques.
C)showed more improvement than treatment as usual.
D)resulted in no changes, suggesting both approaches should be used separately.

Question 24

In positive psychotherapy, a client is encouraged to complete an online self-report measure of character strengths.This is part of a:

A)savoring exercise.
B)dynamic strength-assessment.
C)phasic character strength inventory.
D)virtue reorganization attempt.

Question 25

Which of the following types of clients might NOT find positive psychotherapy effective?

A)Those expecting a linear progression in symptom reduction
B)Individuals with adjustment disorders with depressed mood
C)Clients presenting with borderline personality disorder
D)Clients who are children or adolescents

Question 26

In a 2010 study, Moeenizadeh and Salagame found Iranian clients in well-being therapy (i.e., a treatment similar to positive psychotherapy) fared:

A)better than those receiving CBT.
B)worse than those receiving CBT.
C)better than those receiving medications.
D)worse than those receiving medications.

Question 27

In contrast to traditional psychotherapy, which has focused on client's troubles, positive psychology focuses on a client's six _____________.

Question 28

When positive psychotherapy is conducted internationally, therapists must be mindful of the fact that character strengths:

A)are universal concepts that manifest similarly across cultures .
B)become less relevant in certain cultures.
C)may manifest differently across cultural groups.
D)are Western concepts and rejected by Eastern therapists.

Question 29

To date, positive psychotherapy tends to show the most benefit for clients presenting with:

A)anxiety disorders.
B)psychotic disorders.
C)depressive disorders.
D)personality disorders.

Question 30

________________ is a state characterized by positive emotions, a strong sense of personal meaning, good work, and positive relationships.

Question 31

In treating patients with narcissistic personality disorder with positive psychotherapy, therapists must be mindful of the fact that:

A)the client may try to usurp the therapist's authority and shift the focus.
B)issues related to low self-esteem will be the client's preferred focus.
C)focusing on virtues may make the client more anxious.
D)identification of character strengths may exaggerate the client's inflated self-view.

Question 32

Positive psychotherapists believe happiness is one of those personality traits that can be _____________.

Question 33

In a 2011 study by Schueller, preference for one positive psychotherapy exercise linked with:

A)less interest in other match exercises .
B)more interest in medications.
C)worsened treatment outcomes.
D)adherence for the match exercise.

Question 34

Michael Frisch's _____________________integrates cognitive therapy with Positive Psychology ideas and has been shown to be effective with depressed clients.

Question 35

In positive psychotherapy, when a character strength is described as tonic it means the strength is displayed:

A)in a limited number of circumstances.
B)only with certain individuals.
C)in almost all situations.
D)under periods of significant distress.

Question 36

Melanie Bay conducted a study in 2012 evaluating the impact of group positive psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and medication on depressive symptoms in French patients.Bay found that:

A)French clients responded more to positive psychotherapy than American clients.
B)French clients responded less to positive psychotherapy than American clients.
C)clients fared equally with positive psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy.
D)clients receiving positive psychotherapy experienced greater therapeutic benefits.

Question 37

In the traditional format, positive psychotherapy is offered in which of the following number of sessions?

A)6
B)8
C)14
D)20

Question 38

Positive psychotherapy would assert it has vast appeal across cultural groups because, in contrast to Western culture's definition of happiness, positive psychotherapy equates happiness with:

A)pursuit of pleasure.
B)pursuit of a good life.
C)a narrower view of life.
D)thrill-seeking.

Question 39

In helping a client deal with difficult childhood experiences, which of the following would NOT be a positive psychotherapy technique a therapist would employ?

A)encouraging the client to consider forgiveness.
B)using free association tasks and hypnosis.
C)devising an inventory of negative and positive aspects of memories.
D)engaging in an adaptive and alternative activity.

Question 40

Attempts to apply positive psychotherapy with children and adolescents have found:

A)the concepts are too challenging for individuals under the age of 25.
B)treatment increases well-being and decreases behavioral problems.
C)positive psychotherapy is effective but less so than family therapy.
D)the exercises are only helpful if delivered directly by the parent(s).

Question 41

Clients with symptoms of ___________ appear to benefit most from PPT exercises.

Question 42

_________ is the psychological state brought about by intense concentration.

Question 43

Strengths are discussed as ______ (kindness is displayed in nearly all situations) or __________ (kindness is displayed variably across situations).

Question 44

Schueller (2011) found that individual's preference for one positive psychology exercise was linked to increased adherence for the ________________.

Question 45

Research suggests that roughly ____ to ____% of happiness is accounted for by genetics.