Deck 14: Hallucinogens

Question 1

Why is LSD considered to be the most potent psychoactive agent known to man?

A) It produces such powerful effects on the mind.
B) It is so toxic.
C) It produces effects at very low dosages.
D) Its effects are very long-lasting.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Two frequent overall types of LSD "trips" are described in the text using what terms?

A) Expansive and constricted
B) Indole and catechol
C) Synthetic and analytic
D) Inductive and deductive

Answer 2

A

Question 3

One name that has been used to describe hallucinogenic drugs is psychedelic. What does it mean?

A) Mind-viewing, and implies a beneficial, visionary effect
B) Mind-destroying
C) Insanity-producing
D) Mind-building, implying greater intelligence

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A close relative of LSD, d-lysergic acid amide, is found naturally in which two of the following plants?

A) Morning glories and Hawaiian baby woodrose
B) Peyote cactus and Henbane
C) Henbane and Opium poppies
D) Opium poppies and Morning glories

Question 5

What was the profession/role of the first to report on the psychological effect of LSD?

A) Harvard psychologist
B) A Swiss chemist
C) A Viennese physician
D) Spiritual worshippers

Question 6

LSD was synthesized from alkaloids derived from which of the following?

A) Banana skins
B) Mushrooms
C) Ergot fungus
D) Dandelion roots

Question 7

LSD and psilocybin belong to which chemical grouping?

A) Benzodiazepines
B) Cholinomimetics
C) Indoles
D) Steroids

Question 8

Why was there an early interest in LSD research?

A) Possible use in treating rheumatism.
B) Ability to relieve pain.
C) Ability to reduce cravings for nicotine.
D) Supposed ability to access the subconscious mind.

Question 9

What are Psilocybe mexicana and Psilocybe cubensis?

A) Plants containing mescaline
B) Hallucinogenic mushrooms
C) Anticholinergics
D) Poisonous fungi

Question 10

In rare cases, people who have used LSD experience similar symptoms weeks or months later. What term describes this experience?

A) Synesthesia
B) Flashbacks
C) Automatism
D) Semantic memory

Question 11

Which early LSD researcher was fired from his academic job then later became a proponent of hallucinogenic drug use, and started a religion in which LSD was the sacrament?

A) William Halstead
B) Timothy Leary
C) Parke Davis
D) Robert Wood Johnson

Question 12

During the 1950s and 60s the Canadian government funded the research of Dr. Donald Cameron who some have suggested used LSD with psychiatric patients, and often without their consent to investigate which of the following?

A) Anxiety
B) Amnesia
C) Criminal Interrogation
D) Psychoses

Question 13

In which of the following would DMT, a short-acting hallucinogen that is usually ineffective when taken orally, be found?

A) Jimson weed
B) Mexican mushrooms
C) Mescal beans
D) Cohoba snuff

Question 14

Who was the first to report the psychological effect of LSD?

A) Dr. Sigmund Freud
B) Albert Hofmann
C) Timothy Leary
D) Humphrey Osmond

Question 15

Although LSD has complex effects in the brain, the best evidence indicates that its hallucinogenic properties are due to stimulating which of the following?

A) Serotonin 2A receptors
B) The mesolimbic dopamine system
C) Cholinergic receptors
D) GABA receptors

Question 16

Which major grouping of hallucinogens typically allows the user to remain in some touch with the real world and to also remember much of what he or she experienced?

A) Narcotics
B) Entactogens
C) Psychotomimetics
D) Phantastica

Question 17

In early societies, shaman or medicine man (or women) were specialists in the ways plants were harvested. They were important not only for understanding what we now call medicine, but also because he or she was which of the following?

A) Usually a close relative of the chief.
B) A spiritual, or religious, leader.
C) Also a judge who decided how to punish misbehaviour.
D) Often the wealthiest member of the group.

Question 18

Which of the following describes the sensation of experiencing sounds as pictures, or of seeing movements produced by musical rhythms?

A) Tachyphylaxis
B) Analgesia
C) Homeostasis
D) Synesthesia

Question 19

Which term might describe the following belief that if a plant contains a spirit, then eating the plant transfers that spirit to the person who eats it?

A) Animism
B) Entactogen
C) Muscaria
D) Phantastica

Question 20

Which Quechuan name, describes the combination of two plants, one containing DMT and the other containing harmaline (an MAO inhibitor), that is used in the Amazon region?

A) Psilocybin
B) Mescal
C) Ayahuasca
D) Amanita

Question 21

What does the plant Jimsonweed contain?

A) Anticholinergic chemicals
B) LSD
C) Psilocybin
D) Ephedrine

Question 22

The Native American Church includes aspects of Christianity and uses __________ as a sacrament.

A) LSD
B) Peyote
C) Cohoba snuff
D) Coca leaves

Question 23

All of the following are psychological effects of Salvia divinorum EXCEPT which one?

A) Feeling like someone or something else
B) Increased insight
C) Difficulty sleeping
D) Depression

Question 24

What two drugs share the rave scene with MDMA?

A) DOM and Mescaline
B) 2-C-T7 and Scopolamine
C) Scopolamine and Mescaline
D) 2-CB and 2-C-T7

Question 25

Martha was telling her friends she was using peace pill and angel dust. Which substance was she describing?

A) DMT
B) Psilocybin
C) Methamphetamine
D) PCP

Question 26

All of the following describe the Amanita muscaria mushroom EXCEPT which one?

A) Older literature suggests eating it can result in raving drunkenness, with agitation, and vivid hallucinations
B) One of the most common poisonous mushrooms found in forests around the world
C) One of the rarest poisonous mushrooms found only in the Himalaya mountains
D) Older literature suggests eating it can result in severe effects of intoxication, such as muscular twitching

Question 27

Which drug has been reported to produce an increase in sociability and euphoria as well as an increase in blood pressure, body temperature, and pulse?

A) MDMA
B) PCP
C) Scopolamine
D) Bufotenin

Question 28

Ricaurte and colleagues were forced to retract their paper one year after it was published in The New York Times on September 27, 2002, because they discovered what drug had been mistakenly given, rather than MDMA?

A) Mescaline
B) 2-C-T7
C) Methamphetamine
D) DOM

Question 29

What is the red and white speckled mushroom that has been associated with early Christianity and other religions all over the world?

A) Datura inoxia
B) Psilocybe cubensis
C) Amanita muscaria
D) Mescal

Question 30

How did the 2012 Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey rank ecstasy use in Canada?

A) The most commonly used illicit drug
B) The second most commonly used illicit drug
C) The third most commonly used illicit drug
D) A seldom used illicit drug

Question 31

It was believed that if a plant contains a spirit, then eating the plant transfers that spirit to the person who eats it, and the spirit of the plant can speak to the consumer, make that person feel the plant's joy, or provide special powers.

Question 32

How is the PCP experience different from the LSD and mescaline experiences?

A) PCP users report more changes in body perception.
B) PCP users are more talkative.
C) PCP users report a lot of pain and discomfort.
D) PCP users see things in black and white instead of in colour.

Question 33

How was PCP, patented as Sernyl, first tested?

A) As a treatment for alcohol dependence
B) As a calming agent for nervous pets
C) As a dissociative anesthetic
D) As an antidepressant

Question 34

What is the indole that is originally found in toad skins yet turned out not to be a very potent hallucinogen?

A) Bufotenin
B) Muscimol
C) Ergotamine
D) Mescaline

Question 35

The term entheogen has been used for those drugs thought to create spiritual or religious experiences.

Question 36

The catechol hallucinogens include mescaline plus a variety of synthetic derivatives of which of the following?

A) Amphetamine
B) Morphine
C) Cocaine
D) Acetylcholine

Question 37

Besides hallucinations, what else does mescaline produce?

A) Sedation and drowsiness
B) Analgesia
C) Hunger and thirst
D) Pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and blood pressure

Question 38

LSD is the most potent and notorious of the hallucinogens found in nature.

Question 39

What is the anticholinergic plant with a forked root that is mentioned in the Bible?

A) Aeyote
B) Ayahuasca
C) Mandrake
D) Bufotenin

Question 40

Atropa belladonna is also known by what name?

A) Sweet potato
B) Deadly nightshade
C) Lively lavender
D) Inky cap

Question 41

Anticholinergic plants like Datura have potent psychological effects but are not very dangerous physiologically.

Question 42

What is an indole?

Question 43

How does Canada's MDMA availability rate among other counties in the world, and what is the consequence?

Question 44

In the 1950s, what was the Parke, Davis & Company investigating, and which animal did they use while conducting their research?

Question 45

Although PCP was tested on humans, it was eventually adopted primarily for use in animals as an anesthetic and also in so-called "tranquillizer" guns.

Question 46

Ayahuasca is a name for the cactus containing mescaline.

Question 47

What is the mandrake plant, and what has it been associated with?

Question 48

MDMA (Ecstasy) is a close chemical relative of methamphetamine.

Question 49

LSD and psilocybin are examples of catechol hallucinogens.

Question 50

Deadly nightshade is the common name for bufotenin.

Question 51

What are hallucinogens and describe the more popular terms used to describe hallucinogens?

Question 52

Some evidence suggests that ecstasy may be neurotoxic, affecting serotonin neurons in the brain.

Question 53

The Army and the CIA experimented with LSD in the mid-twentieth century.

Question 54

LSD use appears to have peaked in 1967 and 1968, after which it tapered off.

Question 55

Production of ecstasy has dropped dramatically in Canada in recent years.

Question 56

Amanita muscaria is a red and white speckled mushroom that has been used widely in various religions throughout the world.

Question 57

Describe the early use of LSD in psychotherapy, and discuss why this type of research was stopped in the 1970s.

Question 58

What is animism?

Question 59

The suggestion has been made that the ambrosia (food of the gods) mentioned in the secret rites of the god Dionysius in Greece was a solution of the Amanita mushroom.

Question 60

Synesthesia refers to the experiencing of hallucinogenic effects even months after taking the drug.

Question 61

What position is the Canadian government considering regarding Salvia divinorum?

Question 62

Describe Salvia divinorum and how it is used.

Question 63

Describe deliriants.

Question 64

Give some examples of the use of hallucinogenic plants or drugs in connection with religious practices.

Question 65

Identify the anticholinergic hallucinogens, where are they found, and what effects they have when used?

Question 66

Define the meaning of the term psychotomimetic drugs.

Question 67

Describe the term phantastica and how they are differentiated.

Question 68

Distinguish between the phantastica and the deliriants, and give some examples of each.

Question 69

What has been the common role of shamans, medicine men, or medicine women?

Question 70

Explain why PCP was thought to be a useful anesthetic and why this use failed to be practical for humans.

Question 71

Describe who the Canadian Pioneers in the Use of LSD were and where and how they were brought together.

Question 72

Describe Saint Anthony's fire, and the events that lead to its conception.