Deck 12: Culture and Cancer

Question 1

The severity of cancer is determined by a multifactor assessment of stage,most commonly the:

A)Cancer Scoring Grid
B)TNM system
C)American Cancer Society system (ACSS)
D)Hodgkin's assessment

Answer 1

TNM system

Question 2

Benign,or noncancerous tumors:

A)are not formed by leukemia
B)do not metastasize to other parts of the body
C)with very rare exceptions,are not life threatening
D)All of these are true.

Answer 2

All of these are true.

Question 3

Cancer is best defined as:

A)an illness caused by the presence of a malignant tumor
B)a mutated cell
C)a cell with retarded growth
D)a cell with accelerated growth

Answer 3

an illness caused by the presence of a malignant tumor

Question 4

Not all cells with abnormal cell growth are cancerous.The type of uncontrollable cell growth that destroys healthy tissue is referred to as:

A)neoplasmic
B)malignant
C)benign
D)mutant

Question 5

The cancer type that starts in the surface layers of the body or the epithelial cells are:

A)sarcomas
B)carcinomas
C)lymphomas
D)leukemias

Question 6

Cancer works by:

A)destroying cell RNA
B)destroying cell DNA
C)inhibiting secretion of neurochemicals
D)accelerating the secretion of neurochemicals

Question 7

Cancer-causing substances are referred to as:

A)carcinogens
B)malignancies
C)mutations
D)neoplasms

Question 8

Early detection is critical for people with cancer.For example,if diagnosed early enough,_____ of those with localized breast cancer survive at five years.

A)50%
B)65%
C)79%
D)96%

Question 9

Cancer is the _____ cause of death in America.

A)leading
B)second leading
C)third leading
D)fourth leading

Question 10

Regarding the TNM,generally,the lower the number:

A)the less the cancer has spread
B)the more the cancer has spread
C)the sooner remission can occur
D)indicates a more serious,widespread cancer

Question 11

Cancer of the lymphatic system that is found in a single site,or found at several sites,is called:

A)Hodgkin's disease
B)lymphomas
C)sarcoma
D)carcinomas

Question 12

One of the main statistics used to study the prevalence of cancer and cultural differences therein is:

A)morbidity
B)incidence
C)metastasis
D)Spearman's R

Question 13

_____ have the highest mortality rates as compared to incidence rates (if this group gets cancer,more are likely to die from it).

A)Asian Americans
B)African Americans
C)European Americans
D)Native Americans

Question 14

The most common sites for cancer are:

A)lungs,breast,and prostrate gland
B)bone,kidney and liver
C)brain,liver and spleen
D)stomach,esophagus,larynx

Question 15

The relative risk of death from cancer compared with that for European American men and women was higher for:

A)Latino women
B)both African American women and Asian men
C)both Latino and Native American men
D)Mexican American women

Question 16

Cancers of the muscles,bones,and cartilage are:

A)lymphomas
B)carcinomas
C)sarcomas
D)leukemias

Question 17

Each of the following are components of the multifactor assessment of cancer severity EXCEPT:

A)size
B)lymph nodes effects
C)spread speed
D)spread extent

Question 18

_____ have the highest general cancer incidence rates and mortality rates of any population in the United States.

A)Asian Americans
B)African Americans
C)European Americans
D)Latinos

Question 19

Cancers found in the blood and bone marrow are:

A)lymphomas
B)carcinomas
C)sarcomas
D)leukemias

Question 20

A characteristic feature of cancer cells is that they _____ or spread.

A)collate
B)metastasize
C)radiate
D)exfoliate

Question 21

The link for psychological factors and cancer may be different for men and women.One difference that has been found in the Gallo et al.(2000)study in Baltimore is:

A)that men with anxiety disorders have a higher rate of cancer than women with the same disorders
B)that men with depression have a higher rate of cancer than women with depression
C)that men with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is at a higher rate of cancer than women
D)that women with depression have a higher rate of cancer than men with the same disorder

Question 22

A higher incidence of breast cancer has been reported both in European American women and women of:

A)Asian descent
B)African American descent
C)higher socioeconomic status
D)lower socioeconomic status

Question 23

The cultural group that is the least knowledgeable about cancer is:

A)high socioeconomic status
B)women
C)low socioeconomic status
D)young adults

Question 24

Which one of the following is a developmental risk for getting cancer for a woman?

A)She does not put on sunscreen.
B)She had not eaten fresh fruit and vegetables throughout her life.
C)If she began to menstruate early.
D)If she has always been sedate and does not exercise.

Question 25

All of the following psychological factors have been shown to unequivocally help people cope with cancer EXCEPT:

A)social support
B)socioeconomic status
C)optimism
D)benefit finding

Question 26

If Richard has blood clots develop on the veins of the legs,he may have:

A)lung cancer
B)pancreatic cancer
C)liver cancer
D)esophageal cancer

Question 27

Some general symptoms of cancer include _____,but do not necessarily mean that the person has cancer.

A)increased appetite,hair loss,and sleeplessness
B)increase in weight,eating more,and increased desire to sleep
C)changes in the skin,weight loss,and fatigue
D)dry,itchy skin,and hair loss,and weight gain

Question 28

Which of the following facts about cancer incidence is accurate?

A)Men have a higher incidence of cancer than women
B)Colon cancer is more pervasive than prostrate cancer
C)Women and men have equivalent rates of cancer
D)Breast cancer kills more women than lung cancer

Question 29

The most solid empirical connection between psychological factors and the onset of cancer comes from research on:

A)personality styles
B)stress
C)social support
D)depression

Question 30

Development differences are important in the study of cancer because:

A)children develop higher rates of cancer
B)children develop more severe types of cancer
C)cancer develops early although it is primarily diagnosed in older adults
D)children are medically treated different than adults

Question 31

_____ who were socially isolated were found to have a higher cancer incidence.

A)Men
B)Women
C)Children
D)Elders

Question 32

The most common sites for female cancer for women of most ethnic groups are the:

A)breasts,lungs,colon and rectum
B)breasts,pancreas and liver
C)ovaries,breasts and cervix
D)lungs,liver and breasts

Question 33

Eating too much _____ is one of the critical dietary risk factors for cancer.

A)fiber
B)protein
C)fat
D)carbohydrates

Question 34

The belief that someone with cancer cannot live a normal life and will die is referred to as:

A)defeatism
B)pessimism
C)superstition
D)fatalism

Question 35

_____ believe that cancer is punishment for one's actions or that of a family member and that one must wear the pain to protect other members of one's communities.

A)African Americans
B)Laotians
C)Native Americans
D)Latinos

Question 36

The single most dangerous health behavior is context of cancer is:

A)smoking
B)drinking alcohol
C)not exercising
D)eating nonnutritious foods

Question 37

Although a clear answer is still not available,eating more _____ may help prevent cancer.

A)fruits and vegetables
B)red meat
C)cheese
D)protein

Question 38

McKenna et al.(1999)found that the relationship between stressful life events and cancer are:

A)only modest
B)nonexistent
C)very strong
D)varies between genders

Question 39

One of the major reasons accounting for the sex differences in deaths due to lung cancer is that:

A)women do not smoke as much as men
B)men are more physically active than women
C)women have smaller lungs
D)men are also more likely to drink more alcohol

Question 40

Stress has a direct effect on the activity of _____ which are critical in the body's fight against cancer.

A)macrophages
B)natural killer cells
C)red blood corpuscles
D)electrolytes

Question 41

Cancers such as breast,colon,endometrial,pancreatic,and gallbladder cancers have been linked to:

A)gender
B)obesity
C)individuals who have lost over 20 pounds in one year
D)individuals with a lower body mass index

Question 42

Operating to remove a small amount of tissue to test for malignancy is called _____ surgery.

A)preventative
B)diagnostic
C)curative
D)palliative

Question 43

The type of therapy that passes ions through tissues and dislodges electrons from atoms causing cell death or genetic changes in the cancerous cells is known as:

A)chemotherapy
B)electrochemical therapy
C)radiation therapy
D)immunotherapy

Question 44

Using medications to disable cancer growth is referred to as:

A)noninvasive therapy
B)chemotherapy
C)radiation therapy
D)allopathy

Question 45

The Health Belief Model (Rosenstock,1974)is the model used most often to guide interventions to increase screening behavior.According to this model,the extent to which you see yourself as being susceptible to cancer and the extent to which you believe cancer to have severe consequences are two of the concepts that are addressed.

Question 46

Cancer cells continue to grow and divide.They are different from normal cells.instead of dying,they outlive normal cells and continue to form new abnormal cells.

Question 47

2008 results on the incidence of cancer show that the rate of new diagnosis is increasing among European Americans.

Question 48

Latina women,when compared to European American women,have a lower risk of breast cancer due to:

A)genetics
B)ethnicity
C)diet
D)breastfeeding practices

Question 49

Exercise during the younger years of life can reduce the risk of _____ cancer in women.

A)bone
B)ovarian and cervical
C)breast and endometrial cancer
D)lung and bone

Question 50

Research into the Type C personality have clearly indicated that this type of personality plays a large role in cancer etiology,and can be used as a tool to predict the risk of cancer.

Question 51

Incident rates range from less than 15 per 100,000 for those younger than 15 year of age,but balloon to more than 2,0000 per 100,000 for those older than 75.

Question 52

Today there are more than 12 million cancer survivors,and more than 80 percent of children with leukemia are cured.

Question 53

Research tells us that preschoolers who have cancer are more at risk for a poorer quality of life,whereas teenagers who have cancer are more at risk for behavior problems.

Question 54

Asian American and Latinas tend to not go in to be screened for cancers of the reproductive organs.

Question 55

What is the recommended amount of time you should spend in a tanning bed?

A)10 minutes a week
B)20 minutes a week
C)30 minutes a week
D)A tanning bed is a health risk

Question 56

Physical activity in the younger years can reduce _____ cancer for men.

A)prostrate and testicular
B)colon
C)bone and prostrate
D)liver

Question 57

The biggest cultural factor predicting low screening rates is:

A)religion
B)ethnicity
C)socioeconomic status
D)race

Question 58

Personality has very little influence on the incidence of cancer,but has more positive links to cancer progression.

Question 59

The perception that breast or cervical cancer are caused by dirt or poor hygiene is a belief held by Vietnamese,Chinese,and Latino Americans.

Question 60

The oldest and most direct way to treat cancer is by using:

A)dietary changes and physical activity
B)surgery
C)chemotherapy
D)radiation therapy

Question 61

How does immunotherapy activate the body's own immune system to fight cancer?

Question 62

What are some of the beliefs that some traditional Native Americans have about cancer?

Question 63

When diagnosed with cancer,men and women have different incidences and mortality.What are some of these differences?

Question 64

How can developmental age affect how people cope with a cancer diagnosis?

Question 65

What are the four main types of cancer,and where are they located?