Deck 32: Evolution of Plants

Question 1

Early vascular plants grew by only cell division at the tips of the stems and shoots,a type of growth called:

A)primary growth
B)secondary growth
C)wood
D)vascular growth

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The first seed plants were the:

A)ferns
B)gymnosperms
C)angiosperms
D)monocots

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The first successful land plants,even though they lacked vascular tissue,were the:

A)mosses
B)coniferous trees
C)liverworts and hornworts
D)ferns

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What kinds of angiosperms have reverted to wind pollination?

A)Oaks
B)Grasses
C)Birches
D)All of these

Question 5

_____________ are plants with primitive conducting systems.

A)Mosses
B)Coniferous trees
C)Liverworts and hornworts
D)Ferns

Question 6

Among the longest-surviving group of gymnosperms,the ___________ had relatives alive on earth during the days of the dinosaur.

A)cycads
B)dicots
C)monocots
D)ferns

Question 7

The first vascular plants occurred in the fossil record _________ years ago.

A)430 million
B)1 million
C)100,000
D)4.5 billion

Question 8

All of the following are methods plants have evolved to help them conserve water EXCEPT for:

A)a waxy cuticle
B)stomata
C)spores
D)mycorrhizae

Question 9

There are ___________ species of mosses worldwide.

A)10
B)100
C)800
D)9,500

Question 10

During the sporophyte generation in the life cycle of a fern,the plant releases _______________ that germinate and become gametophytes.

A)haploid spores
B)diploid spores
C)haploid gametes
D)diploid gametes

Question 11

The process by which flowers evolved brighter colors,nectar rewards,and fragrances to attract pollinators that themselves became adapted to certain types of flowers is called:

A)nutrient cycling
B)narrowing niche breadth
C)artificial selection
D)coevolution

Question 12

Dicots evolved _________ monocots.

A)before
B)after

Question 13

There are an estimated ______________ species of plants alive today.

A)1,000
B)8,500
C)15,000
D)300,000

Question 14

The symbiotic relationship with fungi called mycorrhizae:

A)allow plants to take up minerals such as phosphorus
B)cause disease in the infected plant
C)only benefit the fungus
D)existed only millions of years ago

Question 15

In a seed plant,the pollen grains are actually tiny:

A)female gametophytes
B)seeds
C)male gametophytes
D)eggs

Question 16

Monocots typically have leaves with _________ veins and flowers with ______ parts per whorl.

A)netlike;3
B)netlike;4 to 5
C)parallel;3
D)parallel;4 to 5
E)netlike;6

Question 17

In double fertilization,the second fertilization after fertilization of the egg occurs with the:

A)carpel
B)pollen
C)synergids
D)polar nuclei

Question 18

Flowers frequented by insects are typically not _____ because insects cannot detect this color.

A)yellow
B)red
C)blue
D)white

Question 19

The second whorl of flowers is made up of ____________ with the purpose of __________________.

A)sepals;protection
B)carpel;housing the egg cell
C)petals;attracting pollinators
D)stamens;housing pollen

Question 20

In order to disperse water throughout themselves more effectively,plants evolved:

A)pores
B)vascular systems
C)circulatory systems
D)high pressure in their roots

Question 21

The outermost whorl of a flower is called the:

A)sepals
B)petals
C)stamens
D)carpel

Question 22

Seedless vascular plants,like ferns,require ________ for fertilization.

A)water
B)bees
C)wind
D)animals
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 23

All of the following are parts of the carpel except:

A)ovary
B)style
C)stamen
D)stigma

Question 24

A ___________ is an opening into the outermost layer of a leaf.

Question 25

Which of the following typically pollinates red flowers?

A)Bees
B)Moths
C)Butterflies
D)Water
E)Hummingbirds

Question 26

When you see a fern,the large plant you are looking at is the:

A)endosperm
B)gametophyte
C)sporophyte
D)rhizoid
E)antheridium

Question 27

Which phyla do ferns belong to?

A)Lycophyta
B)Pterophyta
C)Gnetophyta
D)Ginkgophyta
E)Arthophyta

Question 28

Gametophyte generations produce ____________.

Question 29

All of the following phyla belong to the Gymnosperms except:

A)Coniferophyta
B)Lycophyta
C)Ginkgophyta
D)Cycadophyta
E)Gnetophyta

Question 30

Although many fruits are dispersed by animals,fruits like the coconut are dispersed by __________.

A)wind
B)water
C)bees
D)mosquitoes
E)butterflies

Question 31

_______________________ are symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots.

Question 32

All of the following are correct about dicots except:

A)they are likely the first angiosperms
B)they have leaves with netlike (reticulate)veins
C)they have flower parts in fours and fives
D)grasses are an example
E)oak trees are an example

Question 33

Plants are _____________ because they can produce their own food.

Question 34

The ______________________________ occurs when a gametophyte generation alternates with a sporophyte generation.

Question 35

Moths are attracted to _________ flowers that are heavily scented.

A)red
B)pink
C)white
D)yellow
E)blue

Question 36

When spores are released from the underside of the fern frond,they fall to the ground where they germinate,growing into:

A)haploid gametophytes
B)diploid sporophytes
C)haploid sporophytes
D)diploid gametophytes

Question 37

The embryo is located inside the cotyledon.

Question 38

A seed has three parts: an embryo,a source of food for the developing embryo called __________,and a protective cover.

A)antheridium
B)endosperm
C)rhizoid
D)ovule
E)cone

Question 39

Which phyla lacks a vascular system?

A)Pterophyta
B)Gnetophyta
C)Ginkgophyta
D)Hepaticophyta
E)Arthophyta

Question 40

A fruit is a mature ripened ______ containing fertilized seeds.

A)ovule
B)cotyledon
C)monocot
D)ovary

Question 41

How do the seeds of angiosperms differ from those of gymnosperms?

Question 42

What three features serve to distinguish vascular plants from nonvascular plants?

Question 43

In some seeds,_____________ is used up in the formation of the cotyledons.

Question 44

A common name for secondary plant growth in stems is ________.

Question 45

The _________ are the most abundant type of seedless vascular plant.

Question 46

Of what advantage might it be for a plant to produce a seed rather than to be seedless?

Question 47

List two of several of the adaptations plants evolved to enhance their survival on land.

Question 48

Why is the evolution of secondary growth important for plants?

Question 49

Flower parts are connected to a base called a _____________________.

Question 50

_________ surrounds the seed(s)in flowering plants,aiding in dispersal.