Deck 12: Gender and Sexuality

Question 1

The first and the most basic of status characteristics that we want to know about a baby after it is born is its

A)race.
B)religion.
C)social class.
D)gender.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The classification of people into one of two categories-male or female-is known as _____.

A)gender binary
B)gender identity
C)gender variance
D)gender bender

Answer 2

A

Question 3

On an average,_____ women have a higher level of education when compared to white American women.

A)American Indian
B)Asian American
C)Latin American
D)African American

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The term "warrior woman" refers to

A)a cowardly Native American male warrior.
B)a weak,passive,and nurturing Native American male.
C)the marital partner of a Native American warrior.
D)a Native American woman practicing male-stereotyped activities.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about the African American culture?

A)Research shows that racial oppression among the African Americans has had little impact on gender roles in the African American society.
B)The African American culture tends to be more individualistic than collectivist.
C)Status and honor are accorded to motherhood in the African American society.
D)The younger generation of African Americans is widely characterized as the "me generation."

Question 6

With regard to American Indians,research suggests that the process of acculturation has resulted in

A)no change in their gender role structure.
B)increased male dominance.
C)increased female dominance.
D)the creation of more than two gender roles.

Question 7

An anthropologist studying an Indian tribe observes that a male member of the tribe is married to a two-spirit male.From the point of view of the Natives

A)this marriage is considered homosexual as both partners are of the same gender.
B)this marriage is not considered homosexual as the partners belong to different genders.
C)this marriage comprises a male and a transsexual.
D)this marriage is an asexual union of a man and a woman.

Question 8

Based on the information given in the text,traditional Latino culture can be described as

A)a collectivist culture.
B)an individualistic culture.
C)similar to contemporary white culture.
D)having little influence on Hispanic Americans.

Question 9

Which of the following cultures is most likely to have at least three gender roles?

A)Asian American
B)African American
C)Hispanic American
D)Native American

Question 10

Which of the following stereotypes about the sexuality of African American women is an outgrowth of the contemporary hip-hop culture?

A)the Mammy
B)the Gold Digger
C)the Matriarch
D)the Jezebel

Question 11

The process of incorporating the beliefs and customs of a new culture is defined as

A)acculturation.
B)stereotyping.
C)association.
D)socialization

Question 12

Among Native Americans,a "manly hearted woman" refers to

A)a Native American female transvestite.
B)a Native American female transsexual.
C)an independent and aggressive woman.
D)a caring,sensitive,and nurturing man.

Question 13

Asian Americans differ most from white middle-class Americans in that the Asian Americans place relatively greater emphasis on

A)individualism.
B)self-sufficiency.
C)group interdependence.
D)sexuality.

Question 14

One of the stereotyped images of African American women's sexuality is that of the _____ who is strongly tied to African American religious traditions,is virtuous,and avoids sex.

A)Gangster Bitches
B)Gold Digger
C)Jezebel
D)Sister Savior

Question 15

Which of the following ethnic groups is associated with the most rigid gender roles?

A)African Americans
B)Native Americans
C)white Americans
D)traditional Latinos

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true about African American men in African American society?

A)African American men are the largest ethnic group on college campuses across the United States.
B)The unemployment rate for African American men is double thank that for white men.
C)African American men are more willing to commit to marriage and other long term romantic relationships.
D)African American men form 40 percent of the U.S.population.

Question 17

One of the stereotyped images of African American women's sexuality is that of _____ who is fat and asexual.

A)the Gold Digger
B)the Mammy
C)the Jezebel
D)the Sister Savior

Question 18

Anglo anthropologists used the term "_____" to refer to the third gender found in American Indian tribes.

A)machismo
B)geronimo
C)berdache
D)marianismo

Question 19

Comparing the cultural values of Asian Americans with those of white middle-class Americans,we can say that

A)Asian Americans attach a lot of importance to education,whereas white middle-class Americans do not.
B)white middle-class Americans are achievement-oriented,whereas Asian Americans are not.
C)the needs of the family take precedence over the needs of the individual in Asian American culture.
D)both these cultures strongly uphold the values of self-sufficiency,autonomy,and independence.

Question 20

The central focus of Hispanic life is

A)personal freedom.
B)family.
C)career.
D)sexuality.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true about gender differences in the use of pornography?

A)Men are considerably more likely to report using porn than women.
B)Women are equally likely to report using porn as men are.
C)Gender differences in usage of pornography have not been systematically studied in the laboratory.
D)There are no significant gender differences in the use of pornography.

Question 22

_____ in a relationship is likely to be a prerequisite for participating in premarital sexual intercourse for women more than for men.

A)Low self-disclosure
B)Freedom from commitment
C)Emotional involvement
D)Limited communication

Question 23

The best explanation given for why women are likely to misjudge their erotic arousal about one-half the time is that it is caused by the

A)lack of testosterone.
B)painful sensations accompanying sexual arousal for all women.
C)cultural factors directing them to focus away from their body.
D)inherent lack of interest in sex among women.

Question 24

Socialization of gender roles is a process that is

A)limited to one's childhood.
B)aimed at conveying societal norms to individuals.
C)regulated by an individual's peers during infancy.
D)mediated exclusively by an individual's parents.

Question 25

Heiman found a high correlation between self-reports and physiological measures of arousal in women when

A)women had been told to pay attention to their arousal.
B)women engaged in sexual intercourse in the laboratory.
C)women masturbated in the laboratory.
D)women were informed of the experimental value of the study.

Question 26

A photoplethysmograph refers to a(n)

A)device used to measure psychological arousal in men and women.
B)acrylic cylinder placed in the vagina to measure physiological sexual arousal.
C)instrument used to measure an erection.
D)camera used in sex research because of its unique ability to capture images in the dark.

Question 27

The study conducted by Alexander and Fisher to evaluate whether gender differences in sexuality are true differences found that the largest gap between women and men,in terms of number of sexual partners,appeared in the

A)bogus pipeline condition.
B)anonymous condition.
C)exposure threat condition.
D)natural group condition.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true about gender differences?

A)Men are better at decoding nonverbal cues than women.
B)On average,males are more prone to self-disclosure than females.
C)Traditional gender roles favored emotional expressiveness for males.
D)Males are generally more aggressive than females.

Question 29

Jill is having a conversation with Todd.From Todd's facial expression,Jill can tell that Todd is feeling irritated.This is an example of _____.

A)decoding nonverbal cues
B)gender acculturation
C)gender socialization
D)interpersonal insensitivity

Question 30

Research indicates that there are no large gender differences in the

A)incidence of masturbation.
B)attitudes about casual sex.
C)level of arousal to erotic materials.
D)consistency with which men and women orgasm.

Question 31

In the study conducted by Heiman,the erotic material featuring explicit heterosexual sex was found to be most arousing to

A)females only.
B)males only.
C)both females and males.
D)neither females nor males.

Question 32

A(n)_____ is a device which is used to measure physiological arousal in males.

A)photoplethysmograph
B)ammeter
C)penile strain gauge
D)photometer

Question 33

An analysis of the major television networks found that in more than 70 percent of all commercials

A)women are invariably shown to be employed in high-status occupations.
B)men are more likely to be shown as sex objects.
C)the "voice of authority" is male.
D)gender stereotyping is discourageD.

Question 34

With regard to masturbation,studies have shown that

A)females reported masturbating as often as males from their teens.
B)males masturbated more often than females.
C)females began masturbation at a younger age than males.
D)gender differences in masturbation have not been reported in recent studies.

Question 35

The study conducted by Alexander and Fisher to evaluate whether gender differences in sexuality are true differences found that in the _____,differences emerged between men and women that were consistent with gender roles.

A)bogus pipeline condition and anonymous condition
B)anonymous condition and exposure threat condition
C)exposure threat condition and bogus pipeline condition
D)control group condition and anonymous condition

Question 36

In a meta-analysis of 730 studies of gender differences in sexuality,the authors found that one of the largest gender differences was the incidence of

A)sex drive.
B)oral-genital contact.
C)anal intercourse.
D)masturbation.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true about psychological gender differences?

A)With the exception of verbal aggression,men tend to score higher than women on other indicators of aggression like physical aggression and fantasy aggression.
B)Norms about self-disclosure are changing and men are encouraged to be equally emotionally expressive as women.
C)Compared to women,men tend to be better at decoding and understanding the nonverbal behavior of others.
D)Men's unwillingness to disclose personal information does not influence their level of sexual satisfaction given that they have an intense,genitally focused sexuality.

Question 38

The study conducted by Alexander and Fisher to evaluate whether gender differences in sexuality are true found that when people were in the _____,
They gave the most honest reporting of their sexual experiences.

A)bogus pipeline condition
B)anonymous condition
C)exposure threat condition
D)natural condition

Question 39

The study conducted by Alexander and Fisher to evaluate whether gender differences in sexuality are true differences found that in the _____,women reported fewer sexual partners than men did.

A)bogus pipeline condition
B)anonymous condition
C)matching condition
D)control group condition

Question 40

Which of the following is true of gender socialization?

A)Parents strongly encourage their children to take part in gender-typed activities.
B)There are stark differences in the way parents treat boys and girls.
C)Socialization is initially largely carried out by the peer group,with little influence from parents.
D)Gender socialization begins when an individual reaches adulthooD.

Question 41

Evidence that testosterone is related to sexual behavior basically comes from studies

A)involving direct observation of the sexual response of humans.
B)of men who engage in casual sex.
C)on anatomical differences between the male and female genitalia.
D)in which male animals are castrateD.

Question 42

Adolescent female sexuality is _____.

A)person-centered
B)body-centered
C)self-indulgent
D)genitally-focused

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true about Helen Singer Kaplan's views on the development of sexuality in women across the lifespan?

A)Women reach their complete potential for sexual enjoyment by their late teens.
B)Women have the greatest incidence of extramarital sex in their early twenties.
C)Women have a markedly slower sexual response mechanism by their mid-thirties.
D)Women develop the ability to orgasm more consistently in their mid-thirties.

Question 44

According to the terminology suggested by Ira Reiss,which of the following types of sexuality is 16-year-old Mary most likely to exhibit?

A)mind-centered sex
B)spirituality-centered sex
C)body-centered sex
D)person-centered sex

Question 45

Women may develop an "erotic dependency" on men because

A)men are naturally better at sex than women.
B)men are necessary to fulfill this biological need of women.
C)women typically have a higher sexual drive when compared to men leading to dependence.
D)women's relative inexperience with masturbation lead to a lack of sexual learning and in turn they depend on men.

Question 46

Which of the following is a feature of the body-centered approach to sexual behavior?

A)an emphasis on sex as a way to feel close to one's partner
B)a focus on the spiritual aspects of sex
C)a focus on sex as method to understand one's own body
D)an emphasis on an intense genital capacity to enjoy sex

Question 47

Bernie Zilbergeld's discussion of the Fantasy Model of sex in "The New Male Sexuality" argues that

A)this model creates unrealistic performance pressures upon men.
B)fantasy fails to exert a significant impact on sexual enjoyment.
C)people are now taking a liberal approach to talking about sex.
D)sex is more enjoyable when it is purely physical.

Question 48

One of the problems with our understanding of gender differences in sexuality is due to the fact that most research is focused primarily on

A)older adults.
B)young adults.
C)married couples.
D)children.

Question 49

Males and females show significant differences by maturity in their sexuality.The authors of your text suggest that one of the things that could be done to equalize orgasmic responsiveness between females and males is to

A)give girls information about masturbation.
B)discipline boys more for participating in masturbation.
C)prohibit both boys and girls from masturbating.
D)encourage a submissive sexual role for women.

Question 50

Which of the following is a myth according to Bernie Zilbergeld's book "The New Male Sexuality"?

A)A real man is interested in communicating his feelings about sex.
B)We're liberated folks who are very comfortable with sex.
C)All touching need not lead to sex.
D)Sex can be enjoyed without making an erection the sole focus.

Question 51

Girls typically have their earliest sexual experiences in _____.

A)masturbation
B)vaginal intercourse
C)heterosexual petting
D)oral sex

Question 52

The hormonal explanation of gender differences in sexuality rests on the findings that _____ is related to sexual behavior.

A)follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
B)testosterone
C)estrogen
D)adrenaline

Question 53

In his book "The New Male Sexuality," Bernie Zilbergeld suggests that

A)men should always be ready to have sex.
B)men should express only those feelings that are consistent with the male role,especially in bed.
C)men should focus on real sex that involves a penile-vaginal intercourse.
D)there are many enjoyable forms of sexual behavior that do not require an erection.

Question 54

According to Ira Reiss,the kind of sexual expression where the emphasis is placed on physical pleasure can be called

A)body-centered sex.
B)person-centered sex.
C)context-centered sex.
D)transcendental sex.

Question 55

According to Helen Singer Kaplan,women are most likely to be the initiators of sex when they are in their

A)early teens.
B)late teens.
C)early twenties.
D)middle thirties.

Question 56

Trey is a 16-year-old high school student.According to the terminology suggested by Ira Reiss,which of the following types of sexual expression is he most likely to exhibit?

A)mind-centered sex
B)intimacy-centered sex
C)body-centered sex
D)person-centered sex

Question 57

Gender differences that exist in sexuality

A)are not due to biological differences caused by the relative visibility of anatomy.
B)are related to cultural factors such as the double standard and gender roles themselves.
C)are not really affected by the possibility of pregnancy on account of the different forms of contraception that are available.
D)are related to the levels of estrogen in the bloodstream of women.

Question 58

Which of the following results have been observed in studies where male animals have been castrated?

A)Sexual behavior in the castrated males disappears.
B)Sexual behavior in the castrated males increase.
C)The males developed a condition where androgen was excessively produced.
D)The females showed greater attraction toward castrated males.

Question 59

Bernie Zilbergeld believes that men

A)are apprehensive of sexual intimacy in the absence of emotional intimacy.
B)find it easy to communicate openly about emotions in romantic relationships.
C)are crippled in forming emotional relationships and communicating freely.
D)are very adept at person-centered approach to sexual behavior.

Question 60

According to "The New Male Sexuality" by Bernie Zilbergeld,myth 3 represents the idea that for men,touching is most often

A)an end in itself.
B)a means to an end-sex.
C)a way of providing emotional satisfaction to themselves.
D)a way of providing emotional satisfaction to their partners.

Question 61

Which of the following is true regarding the female-to-male gender reassignment surgery?

A)Generally,the newly-constructed penis is capable of ejaculation.
B)After the gender reassignment surgery,most transsexual men are able to have sustained and strong erections.
C)A metoidioplasty is a type of female-to-male gender reassignment surgery that involves elongating the clitoris.
D)Metoidioplasty involves creation of a penis from tissue such as the forearm.

Question 62

A transsexual who is attracted to males would be classified as

A)gynephilic.
B)androphilic.
C)amphiphiliC.
D)necrophilic.

Question 63

_____ are more interested in phalloplasty.

A)Gynephilic female-to-male transsexuals
B)Androphilic male-to-female transsexuals
C)Gynephilic male-to-female transsexuals
D)Androphilic female-to-male transsexuals

Question 64

Which of the following statements is true about transsexualism?

A)It is a problem of sexual behavior.
B)Female-to-male transsexuals are more likely to seek help at clinics.
C)The term "transsexual" is used to refer to the person both before and after having undergone gender reassignment.
D)Gender reassignment surgery for female-to-male transsexuals is easier than it is for male-to-female transsexuals.

Question 65

Among female-to-male (FTM)transsexuals,those who are gynephilic are typically more interested in surgically

A)constructing a clitoris.
B)constructing a penis.
C)implanting female-like breasts.
D)removing the scrotum.

Question 66

According to research,in most cases the adjustment of transsexuals

A)is significantly better following surgery.
B)is best when hormonal therapy is used and surgery is bypassed in the process of gender reassignment.
C)is poorer following surgery because of the sense of mutilation.
D)is generally unaffected by the gender reassignment process.

Question 67

"Body-centered sex" is least likely to occur in females who are in their

A)teens.
B)thirties.
C)forties.
D)fifties.

Question 68

Describe at least two male-female psychological differences and how they affect sexual behavior.

Question 69

"Body-centered sex" is most likely to occur in males who are in their

A)fifties.
B)thirties.
C)forties.
D)teens.

Question 70

"Person-centered sex" in females is most likely to occur during their

A)fifties.
B)thirties.
C)forties.
D)teens.

Question 71

A transsexual who is attracted to females would be classified as

A)gynephilic.
B)androphilic.
C)amphiphiliC.
D)necrophilic.

Question 72

Which of the following best defines a cisgender?

A)It refers to a person who believes they were born with the body of the other gender.
B)It refers to a transsexual whose natal gender is male and whose identity is female.
C)It refers to a person whose natal gender and gender identity match.
D)It refers to a transsexual whose natal gender is female and whose identity is male.

Question 73

Describe the difference,if any,between males and females in sex drive.

Question 74

Discuss how American Indians handle gender,especially what is referred to as the two-spirit.

Question 75

Which of the following is a true statement about gender dysphoria?

A)It involves a match between a person's gender identity and natal gender.
B)It is a term used in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5).
C)It appears during late adulthood.
D)It involves a strong preference for toys and games typical of one's own gender.

Question 76

"Person-centered sex" is least likely to occur in males who are in their

A)teens.
B)thirties.
C)forties.
D)fifties.

Question 77

A _____ is a person who believes he or she was born with the body of the other gender.

A)sadist
B)transsexual
C)homosexual
D)masochist

Question 78

How are the sexual responses of males and females to erotic stimuli measured?

Question 79

_____ refers to psychological distress about a mismatch between a person's gender identity and natal gender.

A)Gender identity
B)Gender role
C)Gender bender
D)Gender dysphoria

Question 80

Discuss the relationship between gender roles and ethnicity.Use two different ethnic groups to explain this relationship.