Deck 11: Attraction, love, and Communication

Question 1

Women who were rated the most attractive in high school were significantly more likely to have husbands

A)sharing a similar taste in music.
B)possessing good looks and physical stature.
C)working in high-status occupations.
D)hailing from a lower economic strata of the society.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Terry,an attractive 25-year-old,is interested in dating Brad who is a successful lawyer and is hardly interested in Bill who is a plumber.However,Jiya-a less attractive 24-year-old waitress-thinks that Bill would be an acceptable date.Which of the following explains Jiya's preference for Bill?

A)matching phenomenon
B)contrast effect
C)misattribution of arousal
D)mere-exposure effect

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is true about intimacy?

A)It must have a physical dimension that is sexual.
B)It must be reciprocal but need not necessarily be equal.
C)It must essentially involve an equal sense of closeness between partners.
D)It gets negatively affected by self-disclosure.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true about sexual behavior from a sociobiological perspective?

A)Men and women face similar problems in their efforts to reproduce.
B)Men rarely need to identify reproductively valuable women.
C)A physically attractive person is least likely to be a sexually faithful partner.
D)Younger women are more likely to be fertile than older women,leading to a preference for youth.

Question 5

According to the mere-exposure effect,you would most likely be attracted to a person

A)you see only on school vacations.
B)who you meet daily and who lives across the hall from you.
C)who lives in a city you visit monthly for office meetings.
D)you see once in a few years or so.

Question 6

The aspect of sex appeal that is most important to young men and women is

A)physical appearance.
B)smell.
C)general body size.
D)facial features.

Question 7

According to the reinforcement theory,we are attracted to people who are similar to ourselves in social characteristics because

A)they are more likely to be nice to us and the interaction with them is rewarding.
B)they are quite likely to hold different individual values,even though they are like us.
C)it is more socially acceptable to partner with individuals who have similar values.
D)similar people are less likely to give each other positive reinforcement.

Question 8

In the "interpersonal marketplace" of men and women,there is a tendency for

A)successful women to be paired with attractive men.
B)successful women to be paired with younger men.
C)unattractive men to be paired with wealthy women.
D)attractive women to be paired with wealthy men.

Question 9

In order to maintain intimacy,the correct response by a partner to self-disclosure is

A)nonresponse.
B)acceptance.
C)criticism.
D)passive aggression.

Question 10

Which of the following is said to reflect developmental instability (DI)?

A)physical fitness
B)visible symmetry
C)fluctuating asymmetry
D)Body Mass Index (BMI)

Question 11

According to sociobiology,women essentially want mates who are

A)reproductively valuable and therefore select good-looking males as partners.
B)as young as they are,so that they do not outlive them for too long.
C)older and possess a higher level of sexual experience.
D)physically unattractive and have high income and social status.

Question 12

Terry is a politically liberal,attractive African-American man with a successful psychiatry practice.He regularly visits the gym where he meets several women.According to the matching phenomenon,which of the following women would Terry be most attracted to?

A)Aisha,an 18-year-old second generation Indian immigrant,who is studying architecture at the state university
B)Maria,a Hispanic social worker
C)Jasmine,a liberal African-American woman,who is the first female attorney to be made a partner in the firm where she works
D)Kathy,a white political activist

Question 13

Toby is a 30-year-old lawyer interested in heterosexual relationships.According to the sociobiological perspective of sexual behavior,who among the following people would Toby find the most attractive?

A)Geena,an unattractive but wealthy 40-year-old woman
B)Natasha,an attractive 22-year-old poor woman
C)Jackie,an attractive and wealthy 50-year-old woman
D)Roger,an attractive 25-year-old sex worker

Question 14

One of the real advantages of the Internet in developing a long-term intimate relationship is that

A)it provides relatively greater information about the person one chats with.
B)it highlights a person's body language and habits.
C)it forces people to focus on each other's interests and values.
D)it highlights a person's degree of physical attractiveness.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true about visible asymmetry?

A)It is a normal variation in facial development seen in a sizeable proportion of the population.
B)It is a reflection of high reproductive success in women.
C)It is a sign that the bilateral features of the face have developed normatively.
D)It is a reflection of the inability of the developing body to buffer itself against random perturbations.

Question 16

In order for a relationship to be intimate

A)it must be a long-term commitment.
B)it must be positive affective,cognitive,and physically close.
C)it must be sexual.
D)it does not necessarily have to include self-disclosure.

Question 17

The features on one side of Mark's face are not symmetrical to the features on the other side of his face.According to sociobiologists,this reflects a _____.

A)high degree of facial attractiveness
B)potential development instability
C)fluctuating symmetry
D)high degree of perceived similarity between the bilateral features

Question 18

In a dating experiment conducted by Byrne and his colleagues,it was demonstrated that interpersonal attraction was greatest toward

A)physically unattractive individuals with dissimilar attitudes.
B)physically unattractive individuals with similar attitudes.
C)physically attractive individuals with dissimilar attitudes.
D)physically attractive individuals with similar attitudes.

Question 19

"Our attraction toward another person is proportionate to the number of reinforcements that person gives us relative to the total number of reinforcements plus punishments the person gives us." This statement describes

A)Byrne's law of attraction.
B)Sternberg's theory of love.
C)the attachment theory of love.
D)the two-component theory of love.

Question 20

Which of the following statements represents a principle that presently operates in the interpersonal marketplace of love and attraction?

A)The worth of persons is based primarily on their depth of character and not their looks.
B)Women's worth is based on physical beauty,whereas men's worth is based on economic success.
C)The most attractive males usually end up with high-status occupations but are paired with unattractive females.
D)The least attractive males usually end up with low-status occupations and are paired with the less attractive females.

Question 21

You are a psychologist who is going to measure the intimacy in a relationship.Which of the following statements would be an indicator of high intimacy in a relationship?

A)"My partner does not listen to me when I need to talk to someone."
B)"I quite often confide very personal information to my partner."
C)"I only feel close to my partner sometimes."
D)"My relationship with my partner is not that important because I have many good friends."

Question 22

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love,which of the following actions would be an expression of passion?

A)negotiating
B)fighting
C)kissing
D)empathizing

Question 23

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love,sticking with a relationship through times when it isn't particularly convenient is an expression of _____.

A)infatuation
B)commitment
C)lust
D)passion

Question 24

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love,the emotional component of love is _____.

A)commitment
B)passion
C)decision
D)intimacy

Question 25

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love,the intimacy component of love can be expressed through

A)commitment toward one's partner.
B)empathy for one's partner.
C)passion in sexual intercourse.
D)decision making capabilities.

Question 26

Sternberg has found that the best predictor of satisfaction within a relationship is

A)the match between partners' levels of passion.
B)the match between the partners on all of the components of love.
C)the match between the number of reinforcements and punishments between partners.
D)the match between partners' intimacy relative to the match between partners' commitments.

Question 27

According to the triangular theory of love,actions such as intimate communication with one's partner and giving and receiving emotional support to and from a loved one are expressions of _____.

A)lust
B)infatuation
C)passion
D)intimacy

Question 28

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love,_____ is the component of love that decreases,while familiarity with a partner increases over time.

A)intimacy
B)criticism
C)commitment
D)self-disclosure

Question 29

In Sternberg's triangular theory of love,the component that differentiates romantic love from other kinds of love is

A)intimacy.
B)passion.
C)commitment.
D)attachment.

Question 30

After dating Trisha for six months,Harry realizes that he is in love with her.According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love,Harry's awareness reflects the component of _____.

A)commitment
B)empathy
C)ecstasy
D)passion

Question 31

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love,which of the following actions is most likely to be an expression of the commitment component?

A)declaring one's feelings to the partner
B)engaging in casual sex
C)engaging in passionate sex talk
D)disclosing non-personal information

Question 32

After dating for two years,Richard proposes marriage to Cara.This reflects the _____ component of Sternberg's triangular theory of love.

A)infatuation
B)commitment
C)lust
D)passion

Question 33

In Sternberg's triangular theory of love,_____ is the cognitive component of love.

A)commitment
B)infatuation
C)passion
D)attraction

Question 34

According to the attachment theory of love,_____ lovers are people who find it easy to get close to others and are comfortable having others feel close to them.

A)secure
B)avoidant
C)circumvention
D)anxious-ambivalent

Question 35

Shelby and Rita are best friends who lean on each other during hard times and depend on each other for emotional support.According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love,the bond shared by Shelby and Rita reflects the fundamental component of _____.

A)decision
B)commitment
C)intimacy
D)passion

Question 36

In Sternberg's triangular theory of love,the component that makes a relationship last is

A)infatuation.
B)commitment.
C)criticism.
D)lust.

Question 37

In Sternberg's triangular theory of love,_____ is the motivational component of love.

A)passion
B)criticism
C)negotiation
D)conflict

Question 38

According to the attachment theory of love,_____ lovers are people who are uncomfortable feeling close to another person and having that person feel close to them.

A)secure
B)fearful or avoidant
C)approach
D)anxious-ambivalent

Question 39

Making love is the most likely demonstration of the _____ component of Sternberg's triangular theory.

A)commitment
B)intimacy
C)passion
D)decision

Question 40

According to Sternberg,which of the following components of love includes our feelings of closeness or bondedness to the other person?

A)infatuation
B)commitment
C)passion
D)intimacy

Question 41

After playing a vigorous game of basketball,Ed experienced an increased heart rate and sweating from playing and found himself more attracted to women than Tyrone who did not play the game.Which of the following best explains why Ed was more attracted to women than Tyrone?

A)Ed's lower libido than that of Tyrone's
B)Ed's misattribution of arousal
C)Ed's homosexual orientation
D)Ed's insecure attachment style

Question 42

According to cross-cultural psychologists,on which of the following dimensions do cultures vary?

A)individualism and collectivism
B)commitment and intensity
C)morality and independence
D)individualism and morality

Question 43

Defining intelligence as those abilities that are measured by intelligence quotient (IQ)tests is an example of a(n)

A)research plan.
B)experiment.
C)attribution error.
D)operational definition

Question 44

According to White and Mullen,we go through several stages of jealousy.The first of these stages is

A)cognitive appraisal.
B)an emotional reaction.
C)a "jealous flash."
D)a reappraisal of the situation.

Question 45

Which of the following hormones is produced at orgasm?

A)leptin
B)dopamine
C)morphine
D)oxytocin

Question 46

According to the attachment theory of love,_____ lovers are people who desperately want to get close to a partner but find that their partner does not reciprocate similar feelings.

A)secure
B)fearful or avoidant
C)approach
D)anxious-ambivalent

Question 47

_____ love is defined as a feeling of deep attachment and commitment to a person with whom one has an intimate relationship.

A)Apathetic
B)Companionate
C)Passionate
D)Empathetic

Question 48

Which of the following is an effect of dopamine on the human body that is commonly experienced by people in the early stages of love?

A)a higher need for food
B)an increased production of energy in the body
C)the issue of scattered attention
D)a higher need for sleep

Question 49

Anna has trouble trusting her boyfriend David.While David wants to engage in intimate conversations,Anna feels uncomfortable with this closeness.She also maintains an emotional distance from most people in her life.Which of the following attachment styles is Anna most likely to have?

A)secure
B)anxious-ambivalent
C)preoccupied
D)avoidant

Question 50

Which of the following chemicals is related to interpersonal trust?

A)oxytocin
B)progesterone
C)estrogen
D)serotonin

Question 51

Barry and Irene have been dating for six months.Barry is possessive and insecure about Irene's feelings toward him.He adores her and desperately wants the relationship to last.According to the attachment theory of love,what type of lover is Barry most likely to be?

A)secure lover
B)avoidant lover
C)fearful lover
D)anxious-ambivalent lover

Question 52

Sternberg has identified several categories of love stories found in U.S.culture.Which of the following belongs to the cluster of love stories that was found to be positive?

A)war
B)garden
C)addiction
D)horror

Question 53

When appraising jealous feelings,a constructive way to cope with them is to

A)maintain an emotional distance from the partner.
B)attribute the feelings to the rival.
C)discontinue the relationship until the feelings have been addressed.
D)communicate effectively with the partner.

Question 54

Which of the following happens to a romantic relationship as it progresses over time?

A)There is a shift,as the relationship progresses,from passionate to companionate love.
B)The passionate component of love becomes very important in long-term relationships.
C)Companionate love keeps the relationship together early on and then passionate love takes over.
D)Companionate love is present at the beginning of the relationship but slowly diminishes over time.

Question 55

Which of the following chemicals is associated with euphoria and craving?

A)inhibin
B)morphine
C)estrogen
D)dopamine

Question 56

Which of the following would be the best predictor of adult attachment styles?

A)separation from a parent during childhood by death
B)separation from a parent during childhood by divorce
C)one's perception of the quality of the relationship with parents
D)one's experience in sexual relationships during the adolescence period

Question 57

_____ love is often the first stage of a romantic relationship.

A)Empathetic
B)Companionate
C)Passionate
D)Apathetic

Question 58

_____ love is a state of intense longing for union with the other person and of intense physiological arousal.

A)Companionate
B)Platonic
C)Passionate
D)Empathetic

Question 59

In the context of the attachment theory of love,research finds most adults to be

A)secure lovers.
B)obsessive-compulsive lovers.
C)avoidant lovers.
D)anxious-ambivalent lovers.

Question 60

Jim is in a state of physiological arousal because his libido happens to be high at that particular time of the day.Further,he encounters an elderly woman while in this state of arousal.Given the cultural context of the United States,which of the following can be most likely predicted about Jim's response toward the elderly woman?

A)Jim would be attracted to her,and this attraction would then generalize to other elderly women.
B)Jim would probably not be attracted to her because she would not be considered an appropriate love object.
C)Jim would be more attracted to her if he were not aroused.
D)Jim would be attracted to her,but would suppress these emotions as they are socially unacceptable.

Question 61

In the context of effective communication,which of the following is one of the basic rules for fighting fair?

A)storing gripes for months together and lashing it out on a partner all at once
B)focusing on who the perpetrator of the fight is rather than finding a solution
C)refraining from making sarcastic comments about a partner's sexual adequacy
D)bringing children into arguments by asking them to take sides

Question 62

Which of the following statements is NOT true about leveling?

A)It involves clearing up what partners expect of each other.
B)It essentially involves not saying anything that would deliberately hurt your partner.
C)It means stating your thoughts clearly,simply,and honestly.
D)It entails a "no holds barred" approach.

Question 63

_____ involves saying,in your own words,what you thought your partner meant.

A)Documenting
B)Editing
C)Leveling
D)Paraphrasing

Question 64

Which of the following are the four destructive patterns of interaction,as identified by Gottman?

A)disparagement,disapproval,offensiveness,and acceptance
B)condescension,contempt,disrespect,and defensiveness
C)criticism,contempt,defensiveness,and withdrawal
D)aggressiveness,submissiveness,defensiveness,and derision

Question 65

"I know you think that I don't care much about sex,but I really wish I had more orgasms." This statement is an example of

A)checking out.
B)"I" language.
C)documenting.
D)mind reading.

Question 66

"You think I'm being selfish? When was the last time you did something nice for me?" This statement is an example of which of the following destructive patterns of interaction as identified by Gottman?

A)apathy
B)withdrawal
C)defensiveness
D)retraction

Question 67

"I need to talk you about something important.Can we discuss it now or would you rather wait until evening?" Which of the following aspects of good messages does this statement highlight?

A)limited choices
B)documenting
C)mind reading
D)paraphrasing

Question 68

"The last time we made love,I enjoyed it and felt very aroused,but then I didn't have an orgasm and I felt disappointed." This statement is an example of

A)defensiveness.
B)contempt.
C)documenting.
D)mind reading.

Question 69

"You moron! Can't you do anything right?" This statement is an example of which of the following destructive patterns of interaction as identified by Gottman?

A)recantation
B)contempt
C)apathy
D)withdrawal

Question 70

Steve says to his girlfriend,"I noticed you didn't seem particularly excited last night,when I suggested that we go away together for the weekend.Am I right?" This is Steve's attempt at

A)paraphrasing his partner's messages.
B)defensively communicating with his partner.
C)validating his partner's feelings.
D)drawing his partner out.

Question 71

In communication,_____ is what the speaker means.

A)effect
B)impact
C)intent
D)idea

Question 72

The kind of love that is most often associated with individuals in a collectivistic society is

A)love in an arranged marriage between people of similar social status.
B)passionate love between individuals who do not marry.
C)love that is high on components of intimacy and passion but low on the component of commitment.
D)misattributed love based on physiological arousal states.

Question 73

In communication,_____ is what the listener thinks the speaker means.

A)effect
B)impact
C)intent
D)idea

Question 74

_____ refers to a set of rules designed to make arguments constructive rather than destructive.

A)Fighting fair
B)Checking out
C)Drawing one's partner out
D)Rules of apathy

Question 75

The type of culture where two people,who have agreed to marry,describe their love for one another as companionate,or as a friendship with a great deal of respect for the other is most likely to be characterized by _____.

A)collectivism
B)individualism
C)independence
D)capitalism

Question 76

"You're so impolite;you don't even care about the effect it might have on me!" Which of the following destructive patterns of interaction as identified by Gottman is being highlighted by the above statement?

A)recantation
B)withdrawal
C)apathy
D)criticism

Question 77

Kim and Joe get into a heated argument.Joe reacts by storming out of the room and slamming the door behind him.This situation is an example of which of the following destructive patterns of interaction as identified by Gottman?

A)apathy
B)withdrawal
C)defensiveness
D)contempt

Question 78

Which of the following is a finding in Gottman's research on communication in marriages?

A)In stable marriages,negative interactions dominated couple interactions.
B)In stable marriages,there were no negative interactions.
C)In stable marriages,there is more positive interaction than negative interaction.
D)In stable marriages,there is equal number of positive and negative interactions.

Question 79

"I understand your apprehension about having oral sex,especially since you've never done it before." This statement is an example of which of the following techniques of good communication?

A)mind reading
B)documenting
C)validation
D)paraphrasing

Question 80

Which of the following is a true statement about the PREP (Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program)?

A)It involved married couples with spouses in the U.S.private sector.
B)Its major participants (about 80 per cent)were African American.
C)It measured outcomes such as communication skills,marital quality,and the marital status of couples.
D)It led to couples showing improvement in communication skills that persisted for long.