Deck 9: Sexuality and the Life Cycle: Childhood and Adolescence

Question 1

Which of the following is true of sexuality in children?

A)Sexual urges manifest themselves only during puberty.
B)Male infants are physiologically incapable of having erections.
C)The capacity of the human body to show a sexual response is present from birth.
D)All infants are born insensate and do not respond to sensual stimuli until age 5.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is true of the capacity of the human body to display a sexual response?

A)Sexual responses begin only at the onset of puberty.
B)Vaginal discharge occurs in girls for the first time at the end of menarche.
C)Sexual responses exist only in sexually active adults.
D)Reflex erections occur in the male fetus for several months before birth.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is true of the scientific data available on the sexual behavior of young children and adolescents?

A)Obtaining data on the sexual behavior of children is a process that raises no ethical issues.
B)Participants in studies conducted on adolescents are seldom representative of the population.
C)There is very little scientific information available on the sexual behavior of adolescents.
D)Scientific information on the sexual behavior of children can also be obtained from adults.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Some children first learn about heterosexual behavior by seeing or hearing their parents engaging in sexual intercourse.This is referred to as

A)witnessing castration anxiety.
B)resolving the Electra complex.
C)resolving the Oedipus complex.
D)witnessing the primal scene.

Question 5

_____ is a psychological term which refers to the development of an individual from birth through old age.

A)Individual anthropogenesis
B)Adrenarche
C)Individualization
D)Lifespan development

Question 6

Which of the following did Freud believe to be true of children witnessing the primal scene?

A)He believed it could inhibit their subsequent psychosexual development.
B)He believed it helped them lead normal and healthy sex lives as adults.
C)He believed it helped them overcome any fears they had about intercourse.
D)He believed it had a positive effect on their psychosexual development.

Question 7

_____ first expressed the notion that children,even infants,have sexual urges and engage in sexual behavior.

A)Alfred Kinsey
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Helen Kaplan
D)Anthony Comstock

Question 8

Freud used the term _____ to refer to the period of childhood following the resolution of the Oedipus complex.

A)Electra complex
B)oral fixation
C)adrenarche
D)latency

Question 9

Four-year-old Eric accidentally walks in on his parents engaging in sexual intercourse.The psychological term for this experience is

A)resolving the Electra complex.
B)witnessing the primal scene.
C)witnessing castration anxiety.
D)resolving the Oedipus complex.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of self-stimulation?

A)Children are not equipped to stimulate themselves physically until puberty.
B)Children are able to bring themselves to orgasm through self-stimulation.
C)Boys who stimulate themselves before adrenarche are capable of ejaculating.
D)Self-stimulation in infants is a pathological problem according to scientists.

Question 11

In preschool years,children's sex play is largely motivated by _____.

A)fear
B)unhappiness
C)curiosity
D)anger

Question 12

Which of the following is true of interviews with young children about their sexuality?

A)Interviews with children about their sexuality is the most common form of obtaining such datA.
B)Interviews with children about their sexual experiences does not raise ethical or moral issues.
C)More children reported sexual experiences in face-to-face interviews than did children to the computers.
D)More children reported sexual experiences to the computers than did children in face-to-face interviews.

Question 13

Who among the following are most likely to be identified as experiencing gender dysphoria?

A)children who spend most of their time with members of their own gender
B)children who are adamant about their gender-atypical identification
C)children who spend most of their time with members of the opposite gender
D)children who have gender-segregated social organization

Question 14

Contrary to Freud's belief,data on children witnessing the primal scene,however little,suggests that

A)these children tend to be emotionally disturbed for life.
B)these children grow to hate or fear their parents.
C)the experience is not damaging.
D)the experience is traumatic.

Question 15

Which of the following terms characterizes the nature of infants and young children?

A)altruistic
B)analytic
C)egocentric
D)selfless

Question 16

Which of the following is true of sexual encounters between children around the age of 4 or 5?

A)Children do not exhibit any sexual curiosity during this age.
B)Sexual encounters during this age generally involve looking at or touching each other's genitals.
C)Sexual encounters during this age generally involve the oral stimulation of each other's genitals.
D)Sexual encounters during this period are a sign of abnormality.

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely considered to be a potentially harmful method of obtaining information on the sexual behavior of children?

A)asking adults to recount sexual experiences from their childhood
B)observing the sexual behavior of children directly
C)documenting the childhood experiences of commercial sex workers
D)documenting the childhood experiences of convicted sex offenders

Question 18

Which of the following is true of the psychological "attachment" that infants form soon after birth?

A)The bond typically begins to dissipate when the infant stops breast-feeding.
B)The quality of these attachments affects a person's capacity for emotional attachment in adulthood.
C)The bond extends to everybody the infant comes into contact with,no matter how briefly.
D)The stability of these attachments has no bearing on the psychological development of the infant.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of masturbation in children?

A)Children are capable of ejaculation even before puberty when they masturbate.
B)Masturbation is a dangerous phenomenon in children and a sign of abnormal behavior.
C)Children are not capable of having orgasms even though they can masturbate.
D)Masturbation is quite normal in children and does not indicate pathology.

Question 20

Boys are not capable of _____ before puberty.

A)ejaculation
B)erection
C)vasocongestion
D)self-stimulation

Question 21

Freud believed that during the period of latency

A)girls become father-fixated and are hostile toward their mothers.
B)boys become mother-fixated and are hostile toward their fathers.
C)children become obsessed with and flaunt their own sexuality.
D)children's sexual urges go "underground" and are not expresseD.

Question 22

_____ is the maturation of the adrenal glands during childhood,resulting in increased secretion of androgens.

A)Androgyny
B)Adrenarche
C)Adrenogenesis
D)Androglossia

Question 23

Which of the following is most likely to be a result of adrenarche?

A)increased levels of androgens
B)increased levels of gastrin
C)decreased levels of androgens
D)decreased levels of testosterone

Question 24

A major concern of parents and educators is _____;a sociocultural trend that encourages children to value themselves by their sex appeal.

A)homonormativity
B)sexual imperialism
C)heteronormativity
D)sexualization

Question 25

Which of the following is a sociocultural trend that induces children to equate physical attractiveness with being sexy?

A)heteronormativity
B)sexual imperialism
C)sexualization
D)fetishism

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true of same-gender sexual behavior in childhood?

A)It occurs because all children are born with homosexual instincts,and this tendency only changes during adrenarche.
B)It occurs because children are unaware of what gender they are during this period.
C)It occurs because children spend time mainly with members of their own gender.
D)It occurs because all children are born with homosexual instincts,and this tendency only changes during puberty.

Question 27

During childhood,children are most likely to

A)integrate themselves well with members of the opposite gender.
B)display an aversion toward members of their own gender.
C)engage in sexual exploration with same-gender peers.
D)express very little curiosity about their own sexual parts.

Question 28

Seven-year-old Patrick believes that girls have "cooties." He,along with the other boys in his class,always stays away from them.This exemplifies

A)a gender-segregated social organization.
B)the Oedipal complex.
C)the Electra complex.
D)a latency perioD.

Question 29

According to the American Psychological Association (APA),_____ occurs when a person is sexually objectified.

A)sexualization
B)fetishism
C)heteronormativity
D)homonormativity

Question 30

Because of the social environment she was raised in,Susan believes that male-female pairings are the norm.This is an example of _____.

A)Homonormativity
B)sexual imperialism
C)heteronormativity
D)sexual stratification

Question 31

Which of the following is true about masturbation in boys?

A)Children are physiologically incapable of masturbating.
B)Boys generally masturbate less frequently than girls.
C)Boys are incapable of stimulating themselves.
D)Boys are unable to achieve true erection before puberty.

Question 32

_____ refers to the belief that the only pattern of sexual behavior considered normal and natural occurs between members of opposite genders.

A)Homonormativity
B)Sexual imperialism
C)Heteronormativity
D)Sexual stratification

Question 33

According to research,during which period do children typically hear about heterosexual intercourse?

A)birth to 2 years
B)2-4 years
C)5-11 years
D)14-18 years

Question 34

Which of the following is true of masturbation during childhood?

A)Children are physiologically incapable of masturbating.
B)Boys who masturbate before puberty are not capable of achieving erections.
C)Girls who masturbate before puberty are not capable of achieving orgasms.
D)Some boys and girls report orgasms from masturbation by age 12.

Question 35

According to Freud,which of the following is true about the period of latency?

A)It follows the resolution of the Oedipus complex.
B)It marks the beginning of the Electra complex.
C)It is a period during which children's sexual urges increase.
D)It is a period during which boys become mother-fixateD.

Question 36

Which of the following has research found to be true of adrenarche?

A)It is a biological process that occurs after puberty.
B)It is an abnormal functioning of the adrenalin glands.
C)It is linked with children experiencing their first sexual attraction.
D)It involves the suppression of androgen levels.

Question 37

Which of the following does research indicate about masturbation in girls?

A)Girls typically begin to masturbate earlier than boys.
B)Girls masturbate more frequently than boys on average.
C)Girls are incapable of stimulating themselves before puberty.
D)Girls typically learn about masturbation through accidental self-discovery.

Question 38

_____ is a form of social grouping in which males play and associate with other males and females play and associate with other females.

A)Homonormativity
B)Socio-gender stratification
C)Socio-cultural apartheid
D)Gender-segregated social organization

Question 39

What does contemporary research say about Freud's views on the latency period?

A)Evidence corroborates Freud's belief that children lose interest in sexuality during this period.
B)Evidence suggests that the expression of children's sexuality remains lively during this period.
C)Evidence indicates that children are fixated on parents of the same gender during this period.
D)Evidence shows that children are hostile toward parents of the same gender during this perioD.

Question 40

Adrenarche

A)occurs around 14-16 years of age.
B)stimulates the production of sex hormones.
C)halts the production of sex hormones.
D)occurs after 16 years of age.

Question 41

The manifestation of sexualization in Western society has been linked to

A)young girls undergoing cosmetic surgery.
B)a decline in the popularity of provocative clothing.
C)a marked rise in the self-esteem of young boys.
D)broadened career aspirations of young girls.

Question 42

Which of the following is true of the attitude toward adolescent masturbation today?

A)Masturbation is rare and considered a sign of abnormal behavior.
B)Masturbation is recommended as a remedy in sex therapy.
C)Masturbation is thought to lead to insanity by the medical community.
D)Masturbation is considered permissible in girls but not in boys.

Question 43

Sexualization occurs when boys are exposed to TV shows,video games,and movies that often teach messages that males should

A)be physically powerful and always ready to fight.
B)evaluate themselves by their academic achievements.
C)not define the attractiveness of girls by their sex appeal.
D)be soft spoken and respect women.

Question 44

The most frequent portrayals of sexual behavior in cable movie networks are of

A)heterosexual intercourse between married couples.
B)unmarried heterosexual intercourse.
C)homosexual behavior between males.
D)homosexual behavior between females.

Question 45

Which of the following does data suggest about intercourse during adolescence?

A)Patterns of adolescent sexuality differ substantially in different cultures across the world.
B)Culture has little or no effect upon patterns of adolescent sexuality.
C)Adolescents are fully aware of the dangers of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)and list them as a primary reason for abstaining from intercourse.
D)Adolescents who have a strong affiliation with religious institutions tend to engage in intercourse before age 15.

Question 46

As a result of sexualization,young people are

A)more likely to be satisfied with their body.
B)less likely to evaluate each other by their sex appeal.
C)less likely to equate physical attractiveness with sexiness.
D)more likely to engage in unprotected vaginal intercourse.

Question 47

Udry found that girls were most likely to be sexually active if they had high levels of testosterone and

A)also attended church regularly.
B)came from father-absent families.
C)had not experienced puberty yet.
D)had poorly developed figures.

Question 48

_____ results when girls are treated like sexual objects by peers,family,teachers,or other adults.

A)Sexualization
B)Homonormativity
C)Fetishism
D)Sexual imperialism

Question 49

Which of the following does research indicate about sexual activity between adolescents?

A)Adolescents often link sexual experience with social status.
B)Adolescents seldom seek sexual intimacy with each other.
C)Fewer adolescents are sexually active today than they were 40 years ago.
D)Most adolescents lose their virginity at a later age today than they did 40 years ago.

Question 50

According to the American Psychological Association (APA),_____ is a growing sociocultural trend that occurs when sexuality is inappropriately imposed upon a child.

A)sexualization
B)fetishism
C)heteronormativity
D)sexual imperialism

Question 51

Which of the following trends does data suggest to be true after examining the patterns of premarital intercourse over the last four decades?

A)Adolescents tend to engage in intercourse for the first time at an earlier age now than they did 40 years ago.
B)Adolescents tend to engage in intercourse for the first time at a later age now than they did 40 years ago.
C)Adolescents now no longer consider increased intimacy as their relationship goals,whereas it was a primary relationship goal 40 years ago.
D)Adolescents now no longer consider increased social status as their relationship goals,whereas it was a primary relationship goal 40 years ago.

Question 52

According to the theoretical model proposed by Udry,the _____ level has an impact on the sexuality of adolescent boys and girls.

A)melatonin
B)dopamine
C)progesterone
D)testosterone

Question 53

Which of the following is an example of sexualization?

A)A National Geographic program on the mating habits of beetles
B)A reality show that teaches young boys and men how to cook
C)A television program featuring prepubescent girls competing in a beauty pageant
D)A news channel that airs a series of debates on gender equality

Question 54

Which of the following is true of adolescent sexuality according to the theoretical model proposed by Udry?

A)The level of testosterone in boys has no direct impact upon their sexuality.
B)The hormones that affect the sexuality of young girls the most is estrogen.
C)The effect of testosterone is muted among girls in father-absent families.
D)The teenager's permissive attitude and church attendance impact his or her sexual attitude.

Question 55

Which of the following is a factor responsible for sexualization?

A)adolescents being comprehensively educated on sexuality
B)using provocatively dressed models to sell a company's products
C)providing students with more media literacy programs
D)limiting children's access to television

Question 56

Heterosexual behavior is generally a progression beginning with kissing,then petting,moving on to oral sex,and then to penis-in-vagina intercourse.These behaviors tend to follow _____.

A)sexual imperialism
B)a sexual script
C)homonormativity
D)a gender sequence

Question 57

Which of the following does research indicate to be true of adolescent intercourse across cultures?

A)America has the lowest number of adolescents reporting intercourse among the developed nations of the world.
B)America has a lower number of adolescents reporting intercourse than in Latin American countries.
C)The percentage of girls who report intercourse is lower in Latin American countries than in African nations.
D)The percentage of adolescents who report intercourse is the same across all countries of the worlD.

Question 58

Which of the following is true of recent studies on adolescents and masturbation?

A)Kinsey's report on adolescent masturbation shows that girls do not masturbate.
B)Most boys begin masturbating to orgasm between the ages of 13 and 15.
C)Frequent masturbation was believed to be beneficial in the early 20th century.
D)Masturbation in adolescents is uncommon and a sign of abnormal behavior.

Question 59

According to the study by Zurbriggen & Morgan,college students who view more reality dating programs are

A)more likely to believe that women engage in masochistic behavior.
B)more likely to endorse a sexual double standard.
C)less likely to engage in casual sex.
D)less likely to engage in sexual intercourse with several partners.

Question 60

Which of the following is true of sexualization?

A)It stunts the sexual development of children during adolescence.
B)It discourages children from objectifying themselves and others.
C)It encourages children to value themselves by their achievements.
D)It leads to young people being dissatisfied with their appearances.

Question 61

Which of the following is true of masturbation in college students?

A)Men tend to stop masturbating once they reach college.
B)Women tend to stop masturbating once they reach college.
C)A large number of students report masturbating in their college years.
D)A negligible number of students report masturbating in their college years.

Question 62

Which of the following is true of sexting?

A)Research has found that all adolescents engage in sexting.
B)Sexting can have serious legal consequences.
C)Sexting is an urban legend.
D)Sexting is the primary reason why adolescents join social networking sites.

Question 63

Research has found that relationships during adolescence

A)are devoid of any negative outcomes such as dating violence.
B)help adolescents learn the scripts needed to sustain long-term intimate relationships.
C)have little or no impact upon the psychological development of young adolescents.
D)have little or no impact upon the academic performance of young adolescents.

Question 64

Which of the following is characteristic of hookup sex?

A)It occurs between two good friends who are not romantically involved.
B)It is least common during college parties.
C)It may range from making out to oral sex or intercourse.
D)It is an encounter expected to lead to a committed relationship.

Question 65

_____ is an extreme social response to the belief that the moral condition of society is deteriorating at a rapid pace that may result in often untested "prevention" programs.

A)Ethical dilemma
B)Moral panic
C)Moral paradox
D)Ethical hacking

Question 66

Which of the following has research found to be true of children born as a result of teen pregnancies?

A)Girls born to teenage mothers are less likely to be pregnant themselves during their teen years.
B)School records showed evidence of behavior problems.
C)Children born as a result of teenage pregnancies were typically less sexually active when compared to the randomly chosen national samples.
D)School records showed evidence of good academic performance.

Question 67

According to the study by Valkenberg and Peter,a majority of adolescents maintain online profiles on social networking sites to

A)showcase their artistic abilities.
B)access music and movie databases.
C)hunt for job opportunities.
D)keep up with friends.

Question 68

The Blackberry Project indicated that

A)sexting is an urban legend.
B)sexting is very common among adolescents.
C)sexting is not a normative behavior for adolescents.
D)sexting occurs most frequently in preteens.

Question 69

Which of the following is true of teen pregnancies?

A)The U.S.teen pregnancy rate is one of the highest among developed nations.
B)Teenagers who give birth are much more likely to live in a high-income family.
C)Teenagers who give birth are much more likely to live in a low-income family.
D)Teenage pregnancies are associated with lesser economic insecurity.

Question 70

Which of the following does research suggest is true of social networking sites?

A)Adolescents tend to be less cautious when disclosing personal information on social networking sites.
B)Adolescents strictly refrain from revealing risky information about sexual behavior online.
C)Social networking sites have declined in popularity,especially with adolescents and young adults.
D)Social networking sites provide adolescents with a very limited medium through which they can express themselves.

Question 71

Which of the following factors has research linked to a greater incidence of early intercourse?

A)attending church regularly
B)having limited access to mass media
C)living with biological parents
D)having a poor relationship with parents

Question 72

Which of the following is true about online communication such as maintaining an online profile?

A)It reduces relationship quality.
B)It stimulates self-disclosure.
C)It increases a person's concern about how other people will react to them.
D)It reduces social integration and connection.

Question 73

Paige sends nude pictures of herself to her boyfriend by cell phone.This is an example of _____.

A)sexual imperialism
B)gender imperialism
C)homonormative behavior
D)sexting

Question 74

How can society effectively deal with teen pregnancy?

A)by segregating teenagers more strictly in school and monitoring their behavior
B)by replacing coeducational institutions with same-gender educational institutions
C)by assisting adolescent mothers in finishing high school
D)by limiting access to contraceptives in order to discourage premarital sex among teenagers

Question 75

Which of the following best describes hookup sex?

A)romantic sex between two friends
B)frequent intercourse between two lovers
C)casual,unplanned intercourse between two strangers
D)irregular intercourses between a married couples

Question 76

Which of the following statements about the legal repercussions of circulating nude photos on the Internet is true?

A)Transmission of nude photos and videos of a person is not a felony if the person in the video or photo is under 16 years of age.
B)Persons who produce and transmit child pornography are guilty of committing a felony under the federal law.
C)Possession of child pornography is not considered a crime,though its manufacture and distribution is.
D)Federal law ignores the manufacturing and distribution of pornographic materials involving underage individuals.

Question 77

_____ refers to a sexual encounter that involves people who are strangers or brief acquaintances,without an expectation of forming a committed relationship.

A)Homonormativity
B)Sexual servicing
C)Going steady
D)Hooking up

Question 78

Which of the following has research found to be true of teen pregnancies?

A)The cycle of teen pregnancy is often passed from one generation to the next.
B)The incidence of teen pregnancies in the U.S.has risen drastically over the last 50 years.
C)Teen pregnancies are more likely to occur among girls belonging to high-income families than those belonging to low-income families.
D)The incidence of teen pregnancies in the U.S.has not changed over the last 50 years.

Question 79

Which of the following is true of romantic relationships during adolescence?

A)They have no significant impact upon the psychological health of the adolescent.
B)They are the context in which sexual activity usually takes place.
C)They have no impact upon the development of the adolescent.
D)They provide few opportunities for adolescents to engage in sexual intercourse.

Question 80

In many countries around the world

A)the incidence of sexual intercourse in adolescence has risen in the last several decades.
B)the incidence of sexual intercourse in adolescence has declined in the last several decades.
C)boys under 12 no longer masturbate.
D)girls over 12 no longer masturbate.