Deck 16: Cancer

Question 1

Which of the following is the greatest risk factor for the development of lung cancer among nonsmokers?

A)physical inactivity
B)overexposure to sunlight
C)a high-fat diet
D)environmental tobacco smoke

Answer 1

environmental tobacco smoke

Question 2

When cancer cells enter the lymph or blood system,

A)it becomes easier to stop their spread to other organs.
B)they can form secondary tumors elsewhere.
C)they are known as benign tumors.
D)the probability of a cure increases.

Answer 2

they can form secondary tumors elsewhere.

Question 3

Which of the following kills more people than cancer does?

A)heart disease
B)injuries
C)HIV/AIDS
D)none of these

Answer 3

heart disease

Question 4

Lymphoma is cancer of the lymph nodes,part of the body's

A)blood-forming cells.
B)gastrointestinal tract.
C)connective and fibrous tissues.
D)infection-fighting system.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about leukemia is TRUE?

A)Leukemia produces tumors.
B)Leukemia cells are considered malignant.
C)Leukemia cells do not proliferate.
D)Leukemia is not considered cancer.

Question 6

Lung cancer is

A)easily detectable in early stages.
B)considered a sarcoma.
C)difficult to cure at any stage.
D)caused only by cigarette smoking.

Question 7

One type of cancer that seems to be linked to a diet high in red meat is

A)cervical cancer.
B)lymphoma.
C)leukemia.
D)colon cancer.

Question 8

Sarcomas arise from

A)connective and fibrous tissue.
B)epithelial layers.
C)blood-forming cells.
D)lymph nodes.

Question 9

The most common cause of cancer death in the United States is

A)breast cancer.
B)colon and rectal cancer.
C)prostate cancer.
D)lung cancer.

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE about cancer death rates since 1990?

A)Death rates from cancer are declining.
B)Death rates from cancer are increasing.
C)There has been no change in cancer death rates.
D)There is no reliable data available on cancer death rates.

Question 11

A malignant tumor is different from a benign tumor in that a malignant tumor is

A)less of a threat to the patient.
B)capable of invading surrounding structures.
C)dangerous only if it interferes with bodily functions.
D)enclosed in a membrane.

Question 12

When a patient who has been previously diagnosed with cancer no longer has symptoms or other evidence of that cancer,the patient is said to

A)have metastasis.
B)be in remission.
C)be in an immune state.
D)have a benign tumor.

Question 13

A technique that detects lung cancer earlier than X-rays do is

A)MRI.
B)ultrasound.
C)spiral CT scans.
D)blood test.

Question 14

Cancers arising from connective and fibrous tissues such as bone,cartilage,or muscle are called

A)carcinomas.
B)sarcomas.
C)lymphomas.
D)leukemias.

Question 15

When a malignant tumor spreads to sites distant from the primary tumor,the process is known as

A)hyperplasiA.
B)malignancy.
C)metastasis.
D)dysplasia.

Question 16

Smoking is responsible for what percentage of lung cancer?

A)20 percent
B)35 percent
C)65 percent
D)90 percent

Question 17

Which of the following criteria is NOT used to determine the stage that a particular cancer is at?

A)the number of cancer cells present
B)whether the cancer has spread to another organ
C)the organ where the cancer originated
D)whether the tumor has broken through tissue boundaries

Question 18

A physician who specializes in the study and treatment of cancer is known as a(n)

A)pediatrician.
B)surgeon.
C)internist.
D)oncologist.

Question 19

Which of the following factors contributes to about 30 percent of all cancer deaths?

A)tobacco use
B)radiation
C)family history
D)alcohol use

Question 20

Which one of the following statements about cancer is FALSE?

A)Cancer is a group of diseases.
B)Cancer is characterized by controlled growth of cells.
C)Cancer may or may not take the form of a tumor.
D)Cancer has the ability to metastasize.

Question 21

Ovarian cancers

A)are relatively rare but have a high death rate.
B)are detectable with Pap tests.
C)decrease in incidence with age.
D)are usually found at an early stage.

Question 22

After what age should a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy be a standard regular screening test?

A)20
B)35
C)50
D)65

Question 23

Risk factors for endometrial cancer include all of the following EXCEPT

A)using oral contraceptives.
B)late menopause.
C)obesity.
D)prolonged estrogen exposure.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of melanoma?

A)occurs most commonly on the face
B)appears at the site of a preexisting mole
C)invades surrounding tissue
D)bleeds easily

Question 25

The American Cancer Society recommends routine use of mammography to detect breast cancer for women over age

A)20.
B)30.
C)40.
D)50.

Question 26

Techniques for early detection of prostate cancer include a digital rectal exam and

A)ultrasound of the bladder and urethrA.
B)surgery.
C)a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)blood test.
D)a CAT scan.

Question 27

The infection that puts women at risk for cervical cancer is

A)pneumoniA.
B)hepatitis.
C)HPV.
D)strep throat.

Question 28

Daniel has a family history of colon cancer.To lower his personal risk of the disease,he should consider doing all of the following EXCEPT

A)increasing his intake of fruits and vegetables.
B)being physically active.
C)increasing his intake of red meat.
D)using whole grains rather than refined grains.

Question 29

Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas

A)spread rapidly.
B)may be pearly nodules or red,scaly patches.
C)are usually painful.
D)are the rarest forms of skin cancer.

Question 30

Scraping cells from the cervix for examination to screen for cancerous changes is called

A)a PSA test.
B)curetting.
C)a Pap test.
D)an endometrial smear.

Question 31

What do obesity and alcohol use have in common that increases breast cancer risk?

A)They increase glucose levels in the blood.
B)They increase estrogen levels in the blood.
C)They raise LDL cholesterol.
D)They slow the rate of cell growth.

Question 32

The most dangerous form of skin cancer is

A)melanomA.
B)squamous cell carcinoma.
C)basal cell carcinoma.
D)dysplasia.

Question 33

Those most at risk of developing skin cancer include all of the following EXCEPT

A)people who use tanning lamps.
B)people with naturally dark skin.
C)people with a family history of skin cancer.
D)people who were severely sunburned as children.

Question 34

The most common form of cancer in women is ____________ cancer;the most common cause of cancer death in women is ____________.

A)lung;colon and rectal
B)breast;lung
C)cervical;colon
D)breast;ovarian

Question 35

A woman is more likely to develop breast cancer if

A)she had her first child before age 30.
B)her diet is low in fat.
C)her diet is high in vegetables.
D)she is obese.

Question 36

Prostate cancer is

A)the second leading cause of cancer death in men.
B)the most common cancer in males.
C)influenced by diet and lifestyle.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 37

Steps to prevent skin cancer include all of the following EXCEPT

A)avoiding prolonged exposure to the sun.
B)using tanning salons instead of sunbathing.
C)avoiding sunburns.
D)using sunscreens and protective clothing.

Question 38

Cancer of the lining of the uterus is called ____________ cancer.

A)ovarian
B)endometrial
C)myeloma
D)cervical

Question 39

Risk factors for breast cancer include all of the following EXCEPT

A)genetic factors.
B)diet.
C)hormonal factors.
D)injury to the breast.

Question 40

In some cases,cervical dysplasia develops into

A)cervical cancer.
B)HPV infection.
C)endometrial cancer.
D)chlamydia infection.

Question 41

Estrogen is an example of a

A)carcinogen.
B)mutagen.
C)cancer initiator.
D)cancer promoter.

Question 42

Obesity increases a person's risk of

A)breast and colon cancers.
B)oral and skin cancers.
C)lung and brain cancers.
D)all of these.

Question 43

All the following statements are TRUE about multiple myeloma (MM),EXCEPT

A)MM is more common in older people.
B)MM is most common among white women.
C)MM produces tumors in several sites,particularly in the bone marrow.
D)MM can lead to anemia,excessive bleeding,and decreased resistance to infection.

Question 44

Naturally occurring substances found in plant foods that help prevent chronic diseases are

A)nitrosamines.
B)anticarcinogens.
C)phytochemicals.
D)free radicals.

Question 45

Which of the following statements is TRUE about brain cancer?

A)Most brain cancers are curable by surgery followed by radiation.
B)The incidence of brain cancer has dramatically decreased in the last 20 years.
C)The risks factors for brain cancers are firmly established.
D)The vast majority of brain cancers develop for no apparent reason.

Question 46

A section of DNA that controls the production of a particular protein is a

A)gene.
B)chromosome.
C)nucleotide.
D)double helix.

Question 47

Which of the following statements regarding bladder cancer is FALSE?

A)Bladder cancer is four times more common in women than it is in men.
B)Bladder cancer is linked to tobacco use.
C)Risk factors include occupational exposure to chemicals used in the dye,rubber,and leather industries.
D)The first signs of cancer are increased frequency of urination and/or blood in the urine.

Question 48

A test using computerized X ray images to detect tumors is called a(n)

A)MRI scan.
B)CT scan.
C)angiogram.
D)sonogram.

Question 49

All of the following are sources of radiation EXCEPT

A)hydrocarbons.
B)medical X-rays.
C)tanning lamps.
D)radon gas.

Question 50

A diet high in ________ is linked to increased risk of colon,stomach,and prostate cancers.

A)fat and meat
B)fiber
C)fruits and vegetables
D)nitrosamines

Question 51

All of the following groups are at increased risk of testicular cancer EXCEPT

A)white males.
B)circumcised males.
C)men with undescended testicles.
D)men with a family history of it.

Question 52

Which of the following statements regarding testicle self-examination is FALSE?

A)It is best performed following a bath or shower.
B)It should be done monthly.
C)It should be performed using a gentle rolling motion.
D)It is recommended only if the man is sexually active.

Question 53

The most common treatment for skin cancer is

A)chemotherapy.
B)radiation therapy.
C)surgical removal.
D)immunotherapy.

Question 54

Ultraviolet rays are

A)suppressor agents.
B)oncogenes.
C)cancer initiators.
D)cancer promoters.

Question 55

Which one of the following is a good source of phytochemicals?

A)lean portion of beef
B)nonfat milk
C)halibut
D)broccoli

Question 56

A potentially dangerous additive found in processed meats is

A)sulforaphane.
B)nitrates.
C)sodium chloride.
D)beta-carotene.

Question 57

A characteristic of a skin lesion that may be a melanoma is one with a

A)diameter greater than that of a pencil eraser.
B)symmetrical shape.
C)clearly defined,smooth border.
D)solid brown color.

Question 58

Risk factors for oral cancer include

A)cigarette and cigar smoking.
B)excess alcohol consumption.
C)use of spit tobacco.
D)all of these.

Question 59

Which one of the following best describes leukemia?

A)benign disease of the lymph system
B)cancerous disease of the white blood cells
C)nonmelanoma skin cancer
D)benign disorder of glucose metabolism

Question 60

Carcinogens are best described as

A)substances within the body that can cause mutations.
B)substances that increase the growth rate of cells.
C)environmental factors that mutate genes and cause cancer.
D)tumors that invade surrounding tissues.

Question 61

Severe sunburns in childhood is a risk factor for skin cancer in adulthood.

Question 62

A diet rich in fruits,vegetables,and whole grains can reduce the risk of colon cancer.

Question 63

The traveling and seeding of cancer cells beyond their site of origin is called metastasis.

Question 64

Patients with lung cancer have a high survival rate.

Question 65

Melanoma usually appears at the site of a preexisting mole.

Question 66

Oral cancers are primarily the result of tobacco and alcohol use.

Question 67

The majority of brain cancers develop for no apparent reason.

Question 68

Cervical cancer is usually caused by an infection.

Question 69

The majority of women who are diagnosed with breast cancer have a family history of the disease.

Question 70

Age is the strongest predictor of risk for prostate cancer.

Question 71

Benign tumors never pose a health risk.

Question 72

Smoking is the key risk factor for bladder cancer.

Question 73

Late onset of menstruation and early onset of menopause are risk factors for breast cancer.

Question 74

The American Cancer Society recommended a yearly mammogram for women over age 40.

Question 75

Regular exercise reduces the risk of colon cancer.

Question 76

Folic acid and calcium may provide protection against colon cancer.

Question 77

All tumors are cancerous.

Question 78

Breast cancer is linked to alcohol consumption.

Question 79

There is a link between human papillomavirus (HPV)infection and ovarian cancer.

Question 80

A sore that does not heal may be a warning sign of skin cancer.