Deck 15: Cardiovascular Health

Question 1

Sustained high blood pressure is known as

A)atherosclerosis.
B)heart attack.
C)hypertension.
D)cardiomyopathy.

Answer 1

hypertension.

Question 2

How many chambers does the heart contain?

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)six

Answer 2

four

Question 3

Among the following treatment options for mild to moderate hypertension,which should be the LAST option tried,after the others have failed to produce an improvement?

A)weight loss
B)regular exercise
C)reduction of salt intake
D)drug therapy

Answer 3

drug therapy

Question 4

All of the following cardiovascular disease (CVD)risk factors can be changed EXCEPT

A)cholesterol levels.
B)cigarette smoking.
C)family history of CVD.
D)physical inactivity.

Question 5

The large artery that receives blood from the left ventricle and distributes it to the rest of the body is called the

A)aortA.
B)vena cava.
C)pulmonary artery.
D)pulmonary vein.

Question 6

The small blood vessels that deliver blood to and pick blood up from tissues are

A)venules.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)vascules.

Question 7

The individuals who are most vulnerable to early onset of cardiovascular disease include all of the following EXCEPT

A)smokers.
B)individuals with uncontrolled hypertension.
C)individuals with low cholesterol levels.
D)sedentary individuals.

Question 8

The left side of the heart pumps blood in ______ circulation.

A)pulmonary
B)systemic
C)cerebral
D)coronary

Question 9

The portion of the circulatory system governed by the right side of the heart is ______ circulation.

A)systemic
B)pulmonary
C)cerebral
D)extremity

Question 10

The large blood vessels through which oxygen-poor blood travels are called the

A)vena cavA.
B)aorta.
C)pulmonary artery.
D)pulmonary vein.

Question 11

When the heart contracts,during the ______ phase,blood pressure increases;when the heart relaxes,during the ______ phase,blood pressure decreases.

A)pulmonary;systemic
B)diastole;systole
C)systole;diastole
D)systemic;pulmonary

Question 12

Atherosclerosis probably contributes to hypertension by

A)dilating arteries.
B)influencing cholesterol levels.
C)causing arteries to become narrower.
D)affecting sodium balance in the body.

Question 13

High blood pressure is best described as

A)a controllable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a disease itself.
B)a side effect of cardiovascular disease.
C)an end result of cardiovascular disease.
D)an uncontrollable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a disease itself.

Question 14

A blood pressure reading of 130/86 would be classified as

A)normal.
B)prehypertension.
C)stage 1 hypertension.
D)stage 2 hypertension.

Question 15

The arteries that branch from the aorta and provide blood to the heart muscle itself are ______ arteries.

A)pulmonary
B)systemic
C)coronary
D)capillary

Question 16

Atherosclerosis is

A)sustained,abnormally high blood pressure.
B)the heart's inability to maintain its regular pumping force.
C)the thickening of artery walls by deposits of fatty substances.
D)severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart.

Question 17

Smoking harms the cardiovascular system in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A)increasing adhesiveness of platelets.
B)reducing the level of high-density lipoproteins.
C)increasing blood pressure.
D)decreasing plaque formation in the arteries.

Question 18

The two upper chambers of the heart in which blood collects before passing to the lower chambers are called

A)ventricles.
B)atria.
C)diastoles.
D)valves.

Question 19

The blood cells that are necessary for the clotting of blood are

A)platelets.
B)lipoproteins.
C)capillaries.
D)macrophages.

Question 20

What is the cutoff point for blood pressure at or above which an adult is diagnosed with hypertension?

A)100/70.
B)120/80.
C)140/90.
D)160/100.

Question 21

Which of the following statements about gender and cardiovascular disease is true?

A)In the United States,cardiovascular disease is the leading killer of men but not of women.
B)Estrogen may offer premenopausal women some protection against cardiovascular disease.
C)The incidence of hypertension is higher in women than in men before age 55.
D)Women are more likely than men to have classic heart attack symptoms like chest pain.

Question 22

Which of the following does NOT raise triglyceride levels?

A)excess body fat
B)a low carbohydrate diet
C)cigarette smoking
D)physical inactivity

Question 23

The lipoprotein that carries cholesterol out from the liver to other parts of the body and leads to cholesterol deposits on the artery walls is

A)HDL.
B)omega-3.
C)LDL.
D)triglyceride.

Question 24

High uric acid levels in the blood may cause all of the following except

A)hypertension.
B)gout.
C)kidney stones.
D)diabetes.

Question 25

The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends that all adults,beginning at age 20,have their lipoproteins measured at least once every

A)year.
B)2 years.
C)5 years.
D)10 years.

Question 26

The lipoprotein that draws cholesterol out of the walls of the arteries and returns it to the liver for recycling is

A)HDL.
B)VLDL.
C)LDL.
D)triglyceride.

Question 27

Which of the following combinations would place someone at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?

A)low HDL and low LDL
B)high HDL and high LDL
C)low HDL and high LDL
D)high HDL and low LDL

Question 28

C-reactive protein is released into the bloodstream in response to

A)free radicals.
B)antioxidants.
C)inflammation.
D)homocysteine.

Question 29

Diabetics have higher rates of

A)hypertension.
B)low blood pressure.
C)physical activity.
D)weight loss.

Question 30

Exercise alters blood fat levels by

A)raising LDL levels.
B)lowering LDL levels.
C)raising HDL levels.
D)lowering HDL levels.

Question 31

The LDL particle size that poses the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease is pattern

A)A,mostly large buoyant particles.
B)B,mostly small,dense particles.
C)C,a mixture of particle types.
D)D,mostly long,rod-shaped particles.

Question 32

Which of the following is associated with metabolic syndrome?

A)high HDL
B)insulin resistance
C)low blood pressure
D)low triglycerides

Question 33

When a coronary artery becomes blocked,the result is

A)a heart attack.
B)angina.
C)arrhythmia.
D)an obstructive embolism.

Question 34

A desirable level of total cholesterol for adults is less than ______ mg/dl.

A)300
B)250
C)200
D)100

Question 35

If an artery in a limb becomes blocked,it causes

A)a heart attack.
B)a stroke.
C)peripheral arterial disease.
D)arthritis.

Question 36

All of the following are characteristics of a Type D personality EXCEPT

A)pessimism.
B)angry outbursts.
C)general negativity.
D)unhappiness.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a Type A personality characteristic closely associated with heart disease?

A)hostility
B)ignorance
C)anger
D)cynicism

Question 38

Which of the following statements about homocysteine is true?

A)It is another type of cholesterol,similar to triglycerides.
B)Levels are higher in women than in men.
C)It helps repair the linings of arteries.
D)High homocysteine levels are associated with memory loss.

Question 39

Blood viscosity can be reduced by

A)limiting fluid intake.
B)donating blood regularly.
C)taking iron supplements.
D)going through menopause.

Question 40

African Americans have a high rate of cardiovascular disease because of all of the following factors EXCEPT

A)limited blood vessel dilation during the stress response.
B)heightened sensitivity to salt.
C)a diet high in calcium.
D)high rates of hypertension.

Question 41

All of the following groups are likely to experience a heart attack without chest pain EXCEPT

A)men.
B)people with diabetes.
C)ethnic minorities.
D)older adults.

Question 42

Treatment for congestive heart failure may include all of the following EXCEPT

A)reducing the workload of the heart.
B)increasing salt intake.
C)taking drugs that eliminate excess body fluid.
D)undergoing a heart transplant.

Question 43

A test that measures the electrical activity of the heart is called a(n)

A)coronary arteriogram.
B)electrocardiogram.
C)electroencephalogram.
D)echocardiogram.

Question 44

Most deaths from heart attacks occur within ______ from the onset of symptoms.

A)1/2 hour
B)1 hour
C)2 hours
D)1 day

Question 45

Symptoms of a heart attack include

A)headache.
B)low back pain.
C)sore throat.
D)difficulty breathing.

Question 46

A "cerebrovascular accident" is another name for a

A)cerebral thrombosis.
B)stroke.
C)cerebral hematoma.
D)ruptured blood vessel.

Question 47

The most common symptom associated with angina is

A)tightness or pressure in the chest.
B)nausea.
C)pain or numbness in the legs.
D)shortness of breath.

Question 48

Transient ischemic attacks

A)produce permanent paralysis.
B)are also known as "mini strokes."
C)usually occur after a major stroke.
D)can be cured with bed rest.

Question 49

Angina pectoris is caused by

A)the complete blockage of a coronary artery.
B)a disruption of the electrical system of the heart.
C)a need for oxygen in the heart that exceeds supply.
D)sustained high blood pressure.

Question 50

A test that uses a computer to construct a picture of the brain using X-ray images is

A)an angiogram.
B)radionuclide imaging.
C)a CT scan.
D)an MRI scan.

Question 51

Atherosclerosis is most closely associated with which type of stroke?

A)hemorrhagic
B)thrombotic
C)embolic
D)infarction

Question 52

Which of the following is a treatment for heart disease?

A)angina pectoris
B)balloon angioplasty
C)electrocardiogram
D)angiogram

Question 53

All of the following may result from a stroke EXCEPT

A)memory loss.
B)hormonal imbalances.
C)language deficits.
D)paralysis.

Question 54

A wandering clot that causes a stroke is called a(n)

A)vascular accident.
B)thrombosis.
C)embolus.
D)hemorrhage.

Question 55

Sudden cardiac death most often occurs because of

A)low blood pressure.
B)blocked cerebral arteries.
C)arrhythmia.
D)coronary thrombosis.

Question 56

An arrhythmia is

A)an irregular heartbeat.
B)a ruptured blood vessel.
C)a blood clot found near the heart.
D)another name for high blood pressure.

Question 57

A blood-filled pocket bulging out from a weak spot in an artery wall is called a(n)

A)embolism.
B)thrombus.
C)fibrillation.
D)aneurysm.

Question 58

What type of stroke is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel on the brain's surface resulting in bleeding into the space between the brain and the skull?

A)thrombotic
B)embolic
C)subarachnoid hemorrhage
D)transient ischemic

Question 59

Which of the following statements about taking aspirin is FALSE?

A)It has an anticlotting effect.
B)It decreases adhesiveness of platelets.
C)It can affect blood cholesterol levels.
D)It reduces inflammation.

Question 60

Damage to the heart muscle because of lack of blood supply is called

A)myocardial infarction.
B)angina pectoris.
C)ischemia.
D)cardiac arrest.

Question 61

Which of the following statements about rheumatic fever is TRUE?

A)It affects mostly older adults.
B)Its incidence has declined significantly in the U.S.
C)It permanently damages the liver.
D)It occurs because of untreated diabetes.

Question 62

Recent research concluded that which of the following is true about taking vitamin E supplements?

A)All adults should take them on a daily basis.
B)They prevent heart disease.
C)They provide no protection against heart disease in men.
D)They can reduce blood cholesterol levels.

Question 63

People with no cardiovascular disease risk factors should have their blood pressure measured by a professional

A)once a month.
B)once a year.
C)once every 2 years.
D)once every 5 years.

Question 64

The most common cause of sudden death among athletes younger than 35 is

A)myocardial infarction.
B)hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
C)stroke.
D)aneurysm.

Question 65

The best method for preventing rheumatic fever is

A)eradication of disease-transmitting mosquitoes.
B)treatment of influenza with large doses of vitamin C.
C)treatment of strep throat with antibiotics.
D)immunization.

Question 66

The number of people with diabetes has declined over the past decade.

Question 67

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Question 68

Increasing which nutrient can help lower blood pressure?

A)fat
B)folic acid
C)sodium
D)potassium

Question 69

Mild hypertension can often be treated by changes in lifestyle alone.

Question 70

The DASH study found that a diet low in _______ reduces blood pressure.

A)fruits
B)vegetables
C)fat
D)low-fat dairy products

Question 71

The aorta is the body's largest artery.

Question 72

It is possible to have high blood pressure for years without knowing it.

Question 73

Eating heart healthy includes all of the following EXCEPT

A)increasing cholesterol intake.
B)eating a high-fiber diet.
C)reducing sodium intake.
D)eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids.

Question 74

High LDL levels and low HDL levels lower the risk of heart disease.

Question 75

The most common congenital heart defect in children is

A)coarctation of the vena cavA.
B)holes in the walls that divide the chambers of the heart.
C)transposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery.
D)an underdeveloped left side of the heart.

Question 76

Diabetes is characterized by low blood levels of glucose.

Question 77

Hypertension can be identified by several warning signs.

Question 78

Diastole is the period of the heart's contraction.

Question 79

The peripheral arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood.

Question 80

The most common type of heart valve disorder

A)is very likely to cause symptoms.
B)involves the mitral valve.
C)is treated with surgery in most cases.
D)usually reduces exercise ability.