Deck 12: Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer

Question 1

Among the following treatment options for mild to moderate hypertension,which should be the LAST option tried,after the others have failed to produce an improvement?

A)weight loss
B)regular exercise
C)reduction of salt intake
D)drug therapy

Answer 1

drug therapy

Question 2

The large artery that receives blood from the left ventricle and distributes it to the rest of the body is called the

A)aortA.
B)vena cava.
C)pulmonary artery.
D)pulmonary vein.

Answer 2

aortA.

Question 3

A blood pressure reading of 130/86 would be classified as

A)normal.
B)prehypertension.
C)stage 1 hypertension.
D)stage 2 hypertension.

Answer 3

prehypertension.

Question 4

Which of the following is associated with metabolic syndrome?

A)high HDL
B)insulin resistance
C)low blood pressure
D)low triglycerides

Question 5

The blood cells that are necessary for the clotting of blood are

A)platelets.
B)lipoproteins.
C)capillaries.
D)macrophages.

Question 6

The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends that all adults,beginning at age 20,have their lipoproteins measured at least once every

A)year.
B)2 years.
C)5 years.
D)10 years.

Question 7

Exercise alters blood fat levels by

A)raising LDL levels.
B)lowering LDL levels.
C)raising HDL levels.
D)lowering HDL levels.

Question 8

C-reactive protein is released into the bloodstream in response to

A)free radicals.
B)antioxidants.
C)inflammation.
D)homocysteine.

Question 9

When the heart contracts,during the ______ phase,blood pressure increases;when the heart relaxes,during the ______ phase,blood pressure decreases.

A)pulmonary;systemic
B)diastole;systole
C)systole;diastole
D)systemic;pulmonary

Question 10

Damage to the heart muscle because of lack of blood supply is called

A)myocardial infarction.
B)angina pectoris.
C)ischemia.
D)cardiac arrest.

Question 11

The portion of the circulatory system governed by the right side of the heart is ______ circulation.

A)systemic
B)pulmonary
C)cerebral
D)extremity

Question 12

Atherosclerosis probably contributes to hypertension by

A)dilating arteries.
B)influencing cholesterol levels.
C)causing arteries to become narrower.
D)affecting sodium balance in the body.

Question 13

Which of the following does NOT raise triglyceride levels?

A)excess body fat
B)a low carbohydrate diet
C)cigarette smoking
D)physical inactivity

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a Type A personality characteristic closely associated with heart disease?

A)hostility
B)ignorance
C)anger
D)cynicism

Question 15

The large blood vessels through which oxygen-poor blood travels are called the

A)venae cavae.
B)aorta.
C)pulmonary artery.
D)pulmonary vein.

Question 16

Smoking harms the cardiovascular system in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A)increasing adhesiveness of platelets.
B)reducing the level of high-density lipoproteins.
C)increasing blood pressure.
D)decreasing plaque formation in the arteries.

Question 17

Which of the following combinations would place someone at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?

A)low HDL and low LDL
B)high HDL and high LDL
C)low HDL and high LDL
D)high HDL and low LDL

Question 18

The small blood vessels that deliver blood to and pick blood up from tissues are

A)venules.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)vascules.

Question 19

When a coronary artery becomes blocked,the result is

A)a heart attack.
B)angina.
C)arrhythmia.
D)an obstructive embolism.

Question 20

The two upper chambers of the heart in which blood collects before passing to the lower chambers are called

A)ventricles.
B)atria.
C)diastoles.
D)valves.

Question 21

Symptoms of a heart attack include

A)headache.
B)low back pain.
C)sore throat.
D)difficulty breathing.

Question 22

A malignant tumor is different from a benign tumor in that a malignant tumor is

A)less of a threat to the patient.
B)capable of invading surrounding structures.
C)dangerous only if it interferes with bodily functions.
D)enclosed in a membrane.

Question 23

A wandering clot that causes a stroke is called a(n)

A)vascular accident.
B)thrombosis.
C)embolus.
D)hemorrhage.

Question 24

All of the following may result from a stroke EXCEPT

A)memory loss.
B)hormonal imbalances.
C)language deficits.
D)paralysis.

Question 25

Which of the following factors contributes to about 30 percent of all cancer deaths?

A)tobacco use
B)radiation
C)family history
D)alcohol use

Question 26

Which of the following statements about rheumatic fever is TRUE?

A)It affects mostly older adults.
B)It is a leading cause of heart failure worldwide.
C)It permanently damages the liver.
D)It occurs because of untreated diabetes.

Question 27

Eating heart healthy includes all of the following EXCEPT

A)increasing cholesterol intake.
B)eating a high-fiber diet.
C)reducing sodium intake.
D)eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids.

Question 28

Which of the following is a treatment for heart disease?

A)angina pectoris
B)balloon angioplasty
C)electrocardiogram
D)angiogram

Question 29

Transient ischemic attacks

A)produce permanent paralysis.
B)are also known as "mini strokes."
C)usually occur after a major stroke.
D)can be cured with bed rest.

Question 30

Treatment for congestive heart failure may include all of the following EXCEPT

A)reducing the workload of the heart.
B)increasing salt intake.
C)taking drugs that eliminate excess body fluid.
D)undergoing a heart transplant.

Question 31

Which one of the following statements about cancer is FALSE?

A)Cancer is a group of diseases.
B)Cancer is characterized by controlled growth of cells.
C)Cancer may or may not take the form of a tumor.
D)Cancer has the ability to metastasize.

Question 32

A blood-filled pocket bulging out from a weak spot in an artery wall is called a(n)

A)embolism.
B)thrombus.
C)fibrillation.
D)aneurysm.

Question 33

A test that uses a computer to construct a picture of the brain using X ray images is

A)an angiogram.
B)radionuclide imaging.
C)a CT scan.
D)an MRI scan.

Question 34

Angina pectoris is caused by

A)the complete blockage of a coronary artery.
B)a disruption of the electrical system of the heart.
C)a need for oxygen in the heart that exceeds supply.
D)sustained high blood pressure.

Question 35

The DASH study found that a diet low in _______ reduces blood pressure.

A)fruits
B)vegetables
C)fat
D)low-fat dairy products

Question 36

Sudden cardiac death most often occurs because of

A)low blood pressure.
B)blocked cerebral arteries.
C)arrhythmia.
D)coronary thrombosis.

Question 37

When a malignant tumor spreads to sites distant from the primary tumor,the process is known as

A)hyperplasiA.
B)malignancy.
C)metastasis.
D)dysplasia.

Question 38

All of the following groups are likely to experience a heart attack without chest pain EXCEPT

A)men.
B)people with diabetes.
C)ethnic minorities.
D)older adults.

Question 39

Atherosclerosis is most closely associated with which type of stroke?

A)hemorrhagic
B)thrombotic
C)embolic
D)infarction

Question 40

A test that measures the electrical activity of the heart is called a(n)

A)coronary arteriogram.
B)electrocardiogram.
C)electroencephalogram.
D)echocardiogram.

Question 41

Lymphoma is cancer of the lymph nodes,part of the body's

A)blood-forming cells.
B)gastrointestinal tract.
C)connective and fibrous tissues.
D)infection-fighting system.

Question 42

A woman is more likely to develop breast cancer if

A)she had her first child before age 30.
B)her diet is low in fat.
C)her diet is high in vegetables.
D)she is obese.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of melanoma?

A)occurs most commonly on the face
B)appears at the site of a preexisting mole
C)invades surrounding tissue
D)bleeds easily

Question 44

Scraping cells from the cervix for examination to screen for cancerous changes is called

A)a PSA test.
B)curetting.
C)a Pap test.
D)an endometrial smear.

Question 45

Daniel has a family history of colon cancer.To lower his personal risk of the disease,he should consider doing all of the following EXCEPT

A)increasing his intake of fruits and vegetables.
B)being physically active.
C)increasing his intake of red meat.
D)using whole grains rather than refined grains.

Question 46

Risk factors for endometrial cancer include all of the following EXCEPT

A)using oral contraceptives.
B)late menopause.
C)obesity.
D)prolonged estrogen exposure.

Question 47

Lung cancer is

A)easily detectable in early stages.
B)considered a sarcoma.
C)difficult to cure at any stage.
D)caused only by cigarette smoking.

Question 48

The most common form of cancer in women is ____________ cancer;the most common cause of cancer death in women is ____________.

A)lung;colon and rectal
B)breast;lung
C)cervical;colon
D)breast;ovarian

Question 49

Techniques for early detection of prostate cancer include a digital rectal exam and

A)ultrasound of the bladder and urethrA.
B)surgery.
C)a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)blood test.
D)a CAT scan.

Question 50

Ovarian cancers

A)are relatively rare but have a high death rate.
B)are detectable with Pap tests.
C)decrease in incidence with age.
D)are usually found at an early stage.

Question 51

Smoking is responsible for what percentage of lung cancer?

A)20 percent
B)35 percent
C)65 percent
D)90 percent

Question 52

Cancers arising from connective and fibrous tissues such as bone,cartilage,or muscle are called

A)carcinomas.
B)sarcomas.
C)lymphomas.
D)leukemias.

Question 53

The most dangerous form of skin cancer is

A)melanomA.
B)squamous cell carcinoma.
C)basal cell carcinoma.
D)dysplasia.

Question 54

The American Cancer Society recommends routine use of mammography to detect breast cancer for women over age

A)20.
B)30.
C)40.
D)50.

Question 55

The most common cause of cancer death in the United States is

A)breast cancer.
B)colon and rectal cancer.
C)prostate cancer.
D)lung cancer.

Question 56

Prostate cancer is

A)the second leading cause of cancer death in men.
B)the most common cancer in males.
C)influenced by diet and lifestyle.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 57

Those most at risk of developing skin cancer include all of the following EXCEPT

A)people who use tanning lamps.
B)people with naturally dark skin.
C)people with a family history of skin cancer.
D)people who were severely sunburned as children.

Question 58

The infection that puts women at risk for cervical cancer is

A)pneumoniA.
B)hepatitis.
C)HPV.
D)strep throat.

Question 59

What do obesity and alcohol use have in common that increases breast cancer risk?

A)They increase glucose levels in the blood.
B)They increase estrogen levels in the blood.
C)They raise LDL cholesterol.
D)They slow the rate of cell growth.

Question 60

When a patient who has been previously diagnosed with cancer no longer has symptoms or other evidence of that cancer,the patient is said to

A)have metastasis.
B)be in remission.
C)be in an immune state.
D)have a benign tumor.

Question 61

Mild hypertension can often be treated by changes in lifestyle alone.

Question 62

A test using computerized X ray images to detect tumors is called a(n)

A)MRI scan.
B)CT scan.
C)angiogram.
D)sonogram.

Question 63

Naturally occurring substances found in plant foods that help prevent chronic diseases are

A)nitrosamines.
B)anticarcinogens.
C)phytochemicals.
D)free radicals.

Question 64

Increased physical activity may reduce one's HDL levels.

Question 65

Diets high in folic acid raise levels of homocysteine and cardiovascular disease risk.

Question 66

Men are more likely than women to have a heart attack earlier in life.

Question 67

All of the following are sources of radiation EXCEPT

A)hydrocarbons.
B)medical X-rays.
C)tanning lamps.
D)sunlight.

Question 68

Diabetes is characterized by low blood levels of glucose.

Question 69

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Question 70

The most common form of heart disease is coronary artery disease caused by atherosclerosis.

Question 71

High socioeconomic status is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease.

Question 72

Obesity increases a person's risk of

A)breast and colon cancers.
B)oral and skin cancers.
C)lung and brain cancers.
D)all of these.

Question 73

A diet high in ________ is linked to increased risk of colon,stomach,and prostate cancers.

A)fat and meat
B)fiber
C)fruits and vegetables
D)nitrosamines

Question 74

Which of the following statements regarding testicle self-examination is FALSE?

A)It is best performed following a bath or shower.
B)It should be done monthly.
C)It should be performed using a gentle rolling motion.
D)It is recommended only if the man is sexually active.

Question 75

A potentially dangerous additive found in processed meats is

A)sulforaphane.
B)nitrates.
C)sodium chloride.
D)beta-carotene.

Question 76

Which one of the following is a good source of phytochemicals?

A)lean portion of beef
B)nonfat milk
C)halibut
D)broccoli

Question 77

It is possible to have high blood pressure for years without knowing it.

Question 78

Steps to prevent skin cancer include all of the following EXCEPT

A)avoiding prolonged exposure to the sun.
B)using tanning salons instead of sunbathing.
C)avoiding sunburns.
D)using sunscreens and protective clothing.

Question 79

Risk factors for oral cancer include

A)cigarette and cigar smoking.
B)excess alcohol consumption.
C)use of spit tobacco.
D)all of these.

Question 80

The aorta is the body's largest artery.