Deck 13: Therapies

Question 1

Your psychotherapist asks you to "free associate." What are you being asked to do?

A)You are being asked to concentrate on relaxing as your therapist presents you with anxiety-provoking stimuli.
B)You are being asked to completely empty your mind of all thoughts.
C)You are being asked to say aloud whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.
D)You are being asked to recall everything you can about traumatic childhood events.

Answer 1

You are being asked to say aloud whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

Question 2

Sean, a psychologist, told his colleague "My client must confront the conflicts he faced in his childhood and gain release from this burdening anxiety." According to this statement, it can be concluded that Sean follows a _____ approach.

A)psychodynamic
B)cognitive
C)behavioral
D)humanistic

Answer 2

psychodynamic

Question 3

The main goal of psychoanalysis is to

A)persuade clients to abandon their irrational, misery-inducing beliefs.
B)help individuals gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that are the source of their problems.
C)train clients to avoid maladaptive patterns of behavior through modeling of appropriate behaviors.
D)demonstrate unconditional positive regard toward the client.

Answer 3

help individuals gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that are the source of their problems.

Question 4

Dr.Billings is a therapist who specializes in psychoanalysis.The types of techniques that she is likely to use would include

A)free association, dream interpretation, transference, and interpreting the client's resistance to discussing painful memories.
B)teaching clients to replace their fears systematically with more relaxed responses.
C)systematic desensitization and token economies.
D)prescribing strong medication that will reduce the client's anxiety so that the client can learn to relax and gain insight.

Question 5

The release of emotional tension a person experiences when reliving an emotionally charged and conflicting experience is known as

A)tardive dyskinesia.
B)catharsis.
C)resistance.
D)transference.

Question 6

According to Freud's therapeutic technique, getting people to talk freely

A)exhausts them.
B)causes them to lose focus.
C)allows their deepest thoughts to emerge.
D)masks their unconscious conflicts.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true regarding the psychoanalytic technique of dream analysis?

A)In dream analysis, every dream, including nightmares, contains a hidden, disguised unconscious wish.
B)Dreams represent unconscious conflicts which should be excluded while practicing psychodynamic therapy.
C)Dreams provide individuals with an outlet to express their conscious wishes and desires.
D)In dream analysis, a psychoanalyst asks a person to say aloud whatever comes to mind.

Question 8

According to the psychoanalytic approach to psychotherapy, interpretation

A)is the psychoanalytic term for the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life.
B)is a psychoanalytic technique that involves encouraging individuals to say aloud whatever comes to mind.
C)is a psychoanalytic technique for interpreting a person's dreams.
D)is a psychoanalyst's search for symbolic, hidden meanings in what the client says and does during therapy.

Question 9

According to Freud's psychodynamic perspective, what is the best way to gain insight into a person's core problems?

A)reinforcing the client for ignoring neurotic thoughts
B)bringing unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness
C)having the client transfer fears and anxieties to the therapist
D)helping the client to repress unpleasant memories more effectively

Question 10

Which of the following is true of psychoanalytic techniques?

A)Freud believed that transference was an avoidable aspect of the analyst-patient relationship.
B)Transference is the psychoanalytic term for the client's unconscious defense strategies that prevent the analyst from understanding the person's problems.
C)Resistance is the psychoanalytic term for the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life.
D)Freud believed that a person's current problems could be traced to childhood experiences.

Question 11

Research shows that _____ is the most important determinant of therapy outcome.

A)the therapist's credentials
B)the cost of the therapist
C)the quality of the client's participation
D)the client's age

Question 12

Which of the following statements about biological therapies is FALSE?

A)Biological therapies are treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning.
B)Drug therapy is the most common form of biological therapy.
C)Psychologists can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders in most states.
D)Medical doctors can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders.

Question 13

Clients of therapists who do not monitor the quality of the therapeutic alliance are

A)more likely to drop out of therapy.
B)less likely to experience negative outcomes as a result of therapy.
C)likely to feel more hopeful about overcoming their disorder.
D)likely to feel more respected and supported by the therapist.

Question 14

Which of the following therapies stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual's problems?

A)psychodynamic therapies
B)humanistic therapies
C)social learning therapies
D)biological therapies

Question 15

Charlotte is a psychologist who believes in the following statement, "Abnormal behavior is the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts." Since she believes in this statement, it can be inferred that Charlotte practices _____ therapy.

A)psychodynamic
B)humanistic
C)social learning
D)biological

Question 16

The therapeutic alliance is the relationship between the therapist and

A)the client.
B)the American Psychiatric Association.
C)the local government.
D)other professional therapists who practice in the same state.

Question 17

Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy

A)is mixed, in that psychotherapy works well for women but not for men.
B)clearly shows that psychotherapy works.
C)shows that psychoanalysis is more effective than cognitive therapy.
D)shows that humanistic therapy is more effective than behavioral therapy.

Question 18

According to Freudian dream analysis, the unconscious, hidden aspects that are symbolized by the manifest content of dreams refers to the _____ content.

A)obtuse
B)subliminal
C)latent
D)passive

Question 19

Which of the following treatments reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning?

A)psychotherapies
B)humanistic therapies
C)cognitive-behavioral therapies
D)biological therapies

Question 20

Which of the following is the most important determinant of the effectiveness of psychotherapy?

A)the duration of therapy sessions
B)the therapeutic alliance
C)the cost involved in therapy
D)the number of therapy sessions

Question 21

Dr.Patterson tries to create a warm supportive atmosphere to help her clients improve their self-concepts and to encourage insight into problems.Dr.Patterson says little to her depressed client.Instead, she waits for him to express his feelings and for him to decide what he wants to do about his problems.This emphasis on encouraging self-reflection indicates that Dr.Patterson is practicing

A)client-centered therapy.
B)behavior therapy.
C)systematic desensitization therapy.
D)cognitive therapy.

Question 22

Which of the following is a primary goal of humanistic therapists?

A)to change maladaptive behaviors
B)to encourage personal growth
C)to resolve unconscious conflicts
D)to focus on illness rather than self-fulfillment

Question 23

In the context of psychoanalysis, a client interacting with an analyst as if the analyst were a parent or lover exemplifies the concept of

A)transference.
B)free association.
C)interpretation.
D)unconditional positive regard.

Question 24

In psychoanalytic theory, the term transference is used to describe

A)the gradual shifting of erogenous desires from the mouth to the genitals.
B)the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life.
C)efforts to redirect anxiety-provoking desires into socially acceptable actions.
D)the repression of painful memories from conscious awareness.

Question 25

Mary has been working with a therapist because she has felt very confused and unsure about herself for the past few years.Mary's therapist tends to be very nondirective and devotes a great deal of the session to allowing Mary to explore her identity, wants, and dreams for the future.The therapist rarely gives direct advice and instead is primarily interested in helping Mary clarify her own ideas and feelings.Mary's therapist is most likely associated with the _____ perspective of psychotherapy.

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)humanistic
D)biological

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true of behavior therapies?

A)They encourage self-awareness as the key to psychological health.
B)They offer action-oriented strategies to help people change underlying thoughts or emotions.
C)They lay emphasis on the person's self-healing capacities.
D)They strive to eliminate individuals' depressed symptoms or behaviors.

Question 27

James dreamed that he went to his neighbor's house at midnight and made himself a sandwich.His psychoanalyst interpreted the dream to mean that James really wanted to have sex with his neighbor's wife.Making the sandwich was the

A)hidden content of the dream.
B)manifest content of the dream.
C)latent content of the dream.
D)resistant content of the dream.

Question 28

The primary premise of humanistic therapy is that

A)individuals possess the capacity to heal themselves.
B)irrational thought results in negative consequences.
C)the unconscious mind can affect conscious behavior.
D)abnormal behavior can be manipulated in therapy.

Question 29

In the context of psychoanalysis, when a psychotherapist questions a client about the nightmares the client has had, the therapist is engaging in the method of

A)transference.
B)free association
C)dream analysis.
D)validation.

Question 30

Which of the following individuals is engaging in reflective speech?

A)Mary, who comforts Joel since he is extremely anxious about his results
B)Alan, who agrees with Gus that he is facing obstacles at work since he is frustrated with his boss
C)Horace, who tells his mother to quit her job at a departmental store because of her failing health
D)Gayle, who congratulates his colleague, Neil, for performing well in the project

Question 31

"I have never been a good problem solver.I am not direct enough to be successful," the client complained."You do not see yourself as a direct problem solver?" responded the therapist.This conversation is an example of _____ and is typical of _____.

A)free association/client-centered therapy
B)transference/psychodynamic therapy
C)reflective speech/psychodynamic therapy
D)reflective speech/client-centered therapy

Question 32

Which of the following scenarios indicates the psychoanalytic phenomenon of transference?

A)Harry visits his psychotherapist twice a week.
B)Derek feels attached to his psychotherapist who resembles his girlfriend.
C)Mandy is unhappy with her therapist who forgets her session dates.
D)Julia schedules her appointments with her therapist well in advance.

Question 33

The therapeutic environment of client-centered therapy is likely to be characterized by

A)arousal and challenge.
B)structure and desensitization.
C)warmth and support.
D)analysis and reinforcement.

Question 34

Sherice started seeing a psychotherapist because of marital problems.She is unhappy because she feels her husband does not give her enough attention.After several sessions, she is quite taken with her male therapist because he gives her undivided attention.This growing affection for the therapist is called

A)resistance.
B)latent content.
C)reflection.
D)transference.

Question 35

Dr.Laura engages in reflective listening with Bill who suffers from depression.She waits for him to express his feelings and decide what he wants to do about his problems.According to this information, it can be inferred that Dr.Laura is practicing _____ therapy.

A)client-centered
B)cognitive-behavioral
C)classical conditioning
D)directive

Question 36

The primary goal of behavior therapy is to

A)uncover unconscious conflicts.
B)gain self-awareness.
C)reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior.
D)be sensitive to the cultural and contextual needs of the client.

Question 37

Bruce is seeing a therapist for his depression but he is always late and has missed several appointments.He talks about sports and the weather to try and avoid facing his problems and he often becomes argumentative with his therapist.According to psychoanalytic theory, Bruce's behavior is a classic example of

A)transference.
B)resistance.
C)projection.
D)catharsis.

Question 38

In the context of types of therapy, client-centered therapy follows a _____ approach.

A)symptom-oriented
B)nondirective
C)skill-development
D)insight-oriented

Question 39

_____ are called insight therapies because they encourage self-awareness as the path to psychological health.

A)Cognitive and sociocultural therapies
B)Behavior and humanistic therapies
C)Psychodynamic and humanistic therapies
D)Psychodynamic and behavior therapies

Question 40

Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies in that humanistic therapies emphasize

A)change of behavior rather than underlying thoughts.
B)unconscious thoughts rather than conscious thoughts.
C)the past rather than the present.
D)self-fulfillment rather than illness.

Question 41

Systematic desensitization involves

A)exposing someone to a feared situation in a real or an imagined way.
B)repeated pairings of an undesirable behavior with aversive stimuli to decrease the behavior's positive associations.
C)a technique in which the therapist mirrors the client's own feelings back to the client.
D)using a gradual build-up of self-reflective speech.

Question 42

Beck's cognitive therapy focuses on

A)illogical thoughts.
B)resistance.
C)positive reinforcement.
D)the relationship between therapist and client.

Question 43

Which of the following is a cognitive therapy technique whereby clients rate their emotions in order to gain a perspective of their situation?

A)distraction
B)questioning the evidence
C)labeling of distortions
D)scaling

Question 44

A therapist who uses cognitive restructuring believes that _____ are the causes of abnormal behavior.

A)parental relationships
B)maladaptive thoughts
C)chemical imbalances
D)childhood experiences

Question 45

Adrian is a cognitive therapist.He intends to help his client Troy, who feels that he is a born loser and will continue to be a loser in the future.According to this information, which of the following cognitive therapy techniques should be implemented by Adrian?

A)questioning the evidence
B)examining options and alternatives
C)examining advantages and disadvantages
D)guided association

Question 46

As part of a smoking-cessation program, Paul receives an injection of a nausea-inducing drug and then is asked to smoke a cigarette.Even though he knows he is receiving the drug, it is hoped that Paul will associate the nausea symptoms with smoking and will thus smoke less.This example best demonstrates the procedures typically used in

A)aversive conditioning.
B)client-centered therapy.
C)rational emotive therapy.
D)systematic desensitization.

Question 47

Which of the following therapies represents the application of operant principles to psychological disorders?

A)systematic desensitization
B)flooding
C)applied behavior analysis
D)aversion therapy

Question 48

Which of the following is a part of the process of systematic desensitization?

A)hypnosis
B)cognitive restructuring
C)deep relaxation
D)dream analysis

Question 49

If a therapist gives an alcoholic a drink laced with a nausea-inducing drug so that she or he will become ill after drinking the alcohol, the therapist is using

A)systematic desensitization.
B)aversive conditioning.
C)social-skills training.
D)an unethical procedure.

Question 50

Frank is seeing a therapist for his spider phobia.The therapist first teaches him muscle relaxation and then they develop a stimulus hierarchy.Frank is seeing a therapist who uses

A)flooding.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)social skills training.

Question 51

Jane is afraid of crowds.If her therapist uses systematic desensitization technique, Jane will be asked to

A)identify self-defeating thoughts.
B)expose her fear during group therapy.
C)stand alone in a room.
D)learn how to relax.

Question 52

Decatastrophize technique in cognitive therapy involves

A)helping the client evaluate whether he is overestimating the nature of a situation.
B)helping the client distribute responsibility for events appropriately.
C)providing the client with ways of stopping a cascade of negative thoughts.
D)systematically examining the evidence for the client's beliefs or assertions.

Question 53

Luanne is being treated for depression after a breakup with her boyfriend.Her therapist points out that her thoughts, and not the situation itself, cause her depression.Luanne's therapist seems to practice _____ therapy.

A)psychodynamic
B)humanistic
C)client-centered
D)Beck's cognitive

Question 54

Judy thinks she is depressed over her teacher's criticism of her paper.Judy's therapist explains to her that Judy's own illogical belief-that the criticism means she is stupid-is really why she is depressed.Judy is likely to be seeing a therapist who is providing _____therapy.

A)behavioral
B)Beck's cognitive
C)humanistic
D)psychoanalytic

Question 55

All of the following are considered a form of behavior therapy EXCEPT

A)operant conditioning.
B)aversive conditioning.
C)systematic desensitization.
D)client-centered therapy.

Question 56

Which of the following individuals would benefit from systematic desensitization?

A)a person who is addicted to alcohol
B)a person who is suffering from severe depression
C)a person who has a phobia of closed spaces
D)a person who is suffering from schizophrenia

Question 57

A psychologist who practices cognitive therapy might try to help a patient who suffers from a major depressive disorder by

A)using systematic desensitization to replace depression with relaxation.
B)trying to get the patient to identify irrational and self-defeating thoughts.
C)analyzing unconscious conflicts from the patient's past.
D)involving the patient in satisfying social activities.

Question 58

Which of the following techniques should be most likely implemented by a behavioral therapist when a client has a fear of public speaking?

A)dream analysis
B)systematic desensitization
C)aversive conditioning
D)client-centered therapy

Question 59

Aversive conditioning can be an effective treatment for

A)schizophrenia and panic disorder.
B)depression.
C)smoking, overeating, and drinking alcohol.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 60

_____ therapies emphasize that thoughts are the main source of psychological problems, and they attempt to influence and change the feelings and behaviors by changing the thoughts.

A)Humanistic
B)Cognitive
C)Gestalt
D)Psychoanalytic

Question 61

Dr.Guerrero uses different therapies based on the benefits they provide for her clients.Currently she is using a behavioral approach to treat an individual with panic disorder and a cognitive therapy approach to treat a client with major depressive disorder.Dr.Guerrero is practicing

A)psychoanalysis.
B)humanistic therapy.
C)biological therapy.
D)integrative therapy.

Question 62

_____ inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine and is also known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.

A)Prozac
B)Paxil
C)Zoloft
D)Effexor

Question 63

Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft are what type of antidepressant drugs?

A)tricyclics
B)monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors
C)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
D)benzodiazepines

Question 64

Tranquilizers are _____ drugs.

A)antianxiety
B)antidepressant
C)antipsychotic
D)MAO inhibitor

Question 65

Derek is suffering from anxiety disorder and is currently under medication.According to this scenario, which of the following side effects will be experienced by Derek as a result of taking his medication?

A)tardive dyskinesia
B)metabolic syndrome
C)restlessness
D)drowsiness

Question 66

Carlos intends to help one of his clients who feels that he is a failure and is not capable of achieving anything in life.Which of the following cognitive therapies should be implemented by Carlos in this situation?

A)contingency approach
B)reflective speech
C)self-instructional technique
D)free-association technique

Question 67

Which of the following classes of drugs are NOT considered antidepressants?

A)tricyclics
B)monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors
C)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
D)benzodiazepines

Question 68

Avril is suffering from major depressive disorder and has been administered the drug Elavil, a tricyclic drug.According to this information, which of the following side effects is she likely to experience as a result of the intake of this drug?

A)nervousness
B)increased appetite
C)memory difficulties
D)suicidal thoughts

Question 69

In addition to providing treatment for depression, antidepressant drugs may also be an effective treatment for

A)schizophrenia.
B)anxiety disorders and eating disorders.
C)dissociative amnesia.
D)antisocial personality disorder.

Question 70

Tasha is seeing a therapist because she is depressed.Her therapist gives her examples of reinforcing self-statements and trains Tasha on self-instructional methods that allow her to modify her own behavior.Tasha's therapist is most likely practicing

A)psychodynamic therapy.
B)humanistic therapy.
C)cognitive-behavior therapy.
D)family therapy.

Question 71

Elizabeth visited a psychiatrist who, after interviewing her, recommended either Paxil or Prozac.From this scenario, it can be inferred that Elizabeth is most likely suffering from

A)dyslexia.
B)depression.
C)amnesia.
D)psychosis.

Question 72

Cindy's therapist uses the technique of distraction to help her deal with anxiety and asks her to count to 200 by 13s when she feels herself becoming anxious.From this scenario, it can be inferred that Cindy's therapist practices

A)psychodynamic therapy.
B)humanistic therapy.
C)behavioral therapy.
D)cognitive therapy.

Question 73

_____ is a technique in cognitive therapy.

A)Detriangulation
B)Reframing
C)Validation
D)Decatastrophize

Question 74

In the context of drug therapy, the widespread increase in the number of individuals taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to combat their depression is primarily due to the

A)lesser side effects as compared to other antidepressants.
B)lack of withdrawal symptoms upon stopping the use of these drugs.
C)misdiagnoses of depression among young people.
D)reduced costs of these drugs.

Question 75

Integrative therapy is most compatible with the _____ model of abnormal behavior.

A)psychodynamic
B)humanistic
C)biopsychosocial
D)cognitive

Question 76

Which of the following biomedical interventions for eliminating the symptoms of psychological disorders is used least often?

A)aversive conditioning
B)psychotherapy
C)psychosurgery
D)drug therapy

Question 77

Which of the following is an important aspect of cognitive-behavior therapy?

A)self-efficacy
B)insight
C)self-awareness
D)cultural sensitivity

Question 78

Xanax, Valium, and Librium are benzodiazepines that are commonly used drug therapies for treating

A)mood disorders.
B)anxiety disorders.
C)schizophrenia.
D)dissociative disorders.

Question 79

Which of the following indicates the view of a humanistic therapist regarding the cause of psychological problems?

A)They occur as a result of transference between the therapist and the client.
B)They occur as a result of client's functioning below the optimal level.
C)They occur as a result of learned inappropriate behaviors.
D)They occur as a result of irrational thoughts and beliefs.

Question 80

_____ treat depression by increasing the level of norepinephrine and serotonin.

A)Tricyclics
B)Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors
C)Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
D)Benzodiazepines