Deck 12: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

The _____ was published in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association for the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States.

A)Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM)
B)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
C)International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10)
D)Latin American Guide for Psychiatric Diagnosis (GLDP)

Answer 1

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Question 2

Mathew is a critic of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).Which of the following statements will be agreed upon by Mathew?

A)It treats all psychological disorders as if they are medical illnesses.
B)It avoids relying on social norms and subjective judgments.
C)It reflects the sociocultural approach, emphasizing factors such as poverty, unemployment, and trauma.
D)It focuses on destigmatizing psychological disorders and fails to highlight the problems associated with them.

Answer 2

It treats all psychological disorders as if they are medical illnesses.

Question 3

Which theoretical approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders?

A)the sociocultural approach
B)the psychological approach
C)the humanistic approach
D)the biological approach

Answer 3

the psychological approach

Question 4

Marilyn is depressed a great deal of the time and seeks help from a doctor.She is diagnosed as having a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance.Marilyn is most likely being treated by a person who adheres to the _____ of psychological disorders.

A)medical model
B)behavioral model
C)psychoanalytic model
D)cognitive model

Question 5

What theoretical approach to psychological disorders would be most likely to consider a person's gender and ethnicity when diagnosing a disorder?

A)sociocultural approach
B)behavioral approach
C)biological approach
D)cognitive approach

Question 6

Abnormal behavior is

A)not related to organic or internal causes.
B)often learned through operant conditioning.
C)a direct outcome of poor self-esteem.
D)personally distressful over a long period of time.

Question 7

Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on a(n) _____ model of psychological disorders.

A)cultural
B)analytical
C)disease
D)cognitive

Question 8

With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered

A)unique.
B)dependent.
C)maladaptive.
D)repetitive.

Question 9

Jenna constantly experiences feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness.Jenna's doctor, Jacob, advises her to start taking antidepressant drugs that contain serotonin and dopamine.According to Dr.Jacob's diagnosis, Jenna's depression is a result of the imbalance and improper functioning of the neurotransmitters in her brain.In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, this diagnosis conforms to the

A)sociocultural approach.
B)biological approach.
C)psychological approach.
D)social cognitive approach.

Question 10

The _____ is a theory suggesting that preexisting conditions, such as genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, or experiences, put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder.

A)medical model
B)diathesis-stress model
C)five-factor model
D)Elaboration Likelihood Model

Question 11

Derek has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD).Derek's counselor, Mary, believes that Derek's poor relationship with his alcoholic stepfather is a factor that contributed to Derek's psychological disorder.Which of the following theoretical approaches to psychological disorders conforms to Mary's beliefs in this scenario?

A)biological approach
B)anthropological approach
C)sociocultural approach
D)cognitive approach

Question 12

Thirty-year-old Armand feels compelled to save objects that others might throw away.He is afraid that he will discard something he will need later, so his home is filled with old junk.Armand's neighbors have complained about this and he feels embarrassed.Which criteria that define abnormality is applicable in this case?

A)Armand's behavior deviates from what is acceptable in a culture and is distressing for him.
B)Armand's behavior has drawn the attention of other people.
C)Armand's behavior suggests that he is schizophrenic.
D)Saving junk suggests that Armand is paranoid.

Question 13

Harry, a behavioral psychologist, is in the process of analyzing his patient Maria Valentine's report.Maria has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID).According to Harry, severe physical abuse in childhood could serve as a plausible explanation for Maria's psychological disorder.Maria is emotionally damaged and forms alternate identities in order to shut out past memories and to cope with the trauma.In the context of theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Harry's explanation of Maria's condition conforms to the to psychological disorders

A)psychological approach.
B)biological approach.
C)cognitive approach.
D)sociocultural approach.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the DSM-5 is true?

A)It is the only diagnostic system.
B)It relies on procedural norms and objective judgments.
C)It includes new diagnoses such as binge-eating disorder and gambling addiction.
D)It was devised by the World Health Organization.

Question 15

When treating a client with a psychological disorder, a therapist makes the assumption that the person's difficulties stem primarily from the context in which a person lives.This therapist most likely identifies with the _____ to psychological disorders.

A)biological approach
B)psychological approach
C)sociocultural approach
D)cognitive approach

Question 16

All of the following are criteria that are used to distinguish normal behavior from abnormal behavior EXCEPT

A)behavior that is deviant.
B)behavior that is maladaptive.
C)behavior that is inconsistent.
D)behavior that involves personal distress over a long period of time.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model?

A)According to the biopsychosocial model, biological, sociocultural, and psychological factors are independent of one another and operate distinctly in producing abnormal behavior.
B)The biopsychosocial model states that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors are all equally significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior.
C)According to the biopsychosocial perspective, a specific gene or a particular experience will inevitably lead to the development of a psychological disorder.
D)The biopsychosocial model gives more importance to biological factors over psychological and sociocultural factors in producing normal and abnormal behavior.

Question 18

The _____ approach to psychological disorders primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality.

A)psychological
B)sociocultural
C)biological
D)evolutionary

Question 19

The _____ approach is evident in the medical model.

A)biological
B)psychological
C)sociocultural
D)cognitive

Question 20

Which of the following is a criticism of DSM-5?

A)It classifies individuals on the basis of five dimensions or axes.
B)It lays strong emphasis on a person's strengths and weaknesses to destigmatize psychological disorders.
C)It strongly focuses on the medical model and neglects factors such as poverty and trauma.
D)It does not rely on social norms and subjective judgments.

Question 21

A person who regularly experiences motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts is likely to suffer from

A)mood disorder.
B)anxiety disorder.
C)personality disorder.
D)dissociative disorder.

Question 22

Alex has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder.Which of the following, if true, is most likely to have played a role in the development of his disorder?

A)Alex has very sensitive and liberal parents.
B)Alex is unambitious and has low self-standards.
C)Alex has respiratory system abnormalities.
D)Alex suffered a head injury as a child.

Question 23

A fear becomes a phobia when

A)a doctor diagnoses it as such.
B)an individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear.
C)a person can specifically identify their object of fear.
D)the regions of the brain like amygdala and hippocampus are deactivated.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about panic disorder is FALSE?

A)Panic disorder is associated with neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and GABA.
B)Theories of the origins of panic attack take into account biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.
C)Lactate, which plays a role in brain metabolism, has been found to be elevated in individuals with panic disorder.
D)American men are twice as likely as American women to be diagnosed with panic disorder.

Question 25

Lola often experiences abrupt, brief episodes of overwhelming fear.She does not know what triggers them, but she has these attacks in the grocery store, in busy restaurants, and even while driving.During these attacks, Lola's heart pounds and she has difficulty breathing.She fears that she may go crazy or have a heart attack.In the context of psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Lola may have

A)catatonia.
B)somatoform disorder.
C)aerophobia.
D)panic disorder.

Question 26

All of the following are classified as anxiety disorders, EXCEPT

A)specific phobia.
B)panic disorder.
C)depression.
D)social phobia.

Question 27

An individual diagnosed with an anxiety disorder is most likely to experience

A)episodes of unrealistic excitement and euphoria.
B)hallucinations-that is, seeing or hearing things that are not there.
C)motor tension, apprehensive expectations, and thoughts.
D)recurrent thoughts of death and suicide.

Question 28

John often experiences unanticipated attacks of intense fear.During these episodes, he feels like fainting and has trouble catching his breath.John cannot identify the source of his feelings and worries that he might die of heart failure.In the context of psychological disorders, John is exhibiting the symptoms of

A)disruptive mood regulation disorder.
B)paranoid personality disorder.
C)panic disorder.
D)social anxiety disorder.

Question 29

An individual who has been experiencing persistent anxiety for the past 6 months and unable to specify the cause or source of her nervous feelings likely suffers from

A)schizophrenia.
B)post-traumatic stress disorder.
C)a panic disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true of panic disorder?

A)The brain chemical, lactate, is deficient in individuals with panic disorder.
B)In terms of biological factors, genetic predisposition is a likely cause of panic disorder.
C)In terms of sociocultural factors in the United States, men are twice as likely as women to have panic attacks.
D)Individuals who suffer from panic attacks are less likely to display overgeneralization of fear learning.

Question 31

Janet is worried about her son, Patrick.She finds him restless and impulsive.At times, Janet finds it exhausting to handle him because he is high-strung and shows very little concentration during his studies.She has also received several complaints from Patrick's teachers regarding his poor performance in class and his lack of focus.In the context of psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Patrick is exhibiting the symptoms of

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)mild neurocognitive impairment.
C)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 32

John has sudden attacks of intense fear in which he experiences palpitations, he feels dizzy, and he has trouble catching his breath.During these attacks, he worries that he is going to die.From this description, it sounds like John has

A)schizophrenia.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)panic disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 33

In a(n) _____, a person experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause.

A)panic disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)phobic disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 34

You are having dinner with your friend who experiences a sudden onset of intense terror, without warning and with no specific cause.Your friend would most likely be diagnosed as suffering from

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)panic disorder.
C)phobic disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true of generalized anxiety disorder?

A)An individual suffering from generalized anxiety disorder experiences persistent anxiety for a maximum of one month.
B)An individual suffering from generalized anxiety disorder is nervous most of the time.
C)Generalized anxiety disorder does not have any impact on the physical health of an individual.
D)Generalized anxiety disorder is often caused due to an elevation in the levels of the neurotransmitter GABA.

Question 36

Karen has been suffering from a disorder that is characterized by exaggerated and irrational worry that tends to interfere with her daily functioning.She can't sleep properly and often complains of stomach aches.In spite of being constantly nervous and restless she cannot seem to find the specific cause of her worry.These symptoms have lasted for almost six months now.Which of the following disorders is Karen most likely to be diagnosed with?

A)social anxiety disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)bipolar disorder

Question 37

_____ is a psychological disorder, commonly diagnosed in childhood, in which an individual exhibits one or more of the following symptoms: a lack of concentration, excitability, and impulsivity.

A)Borderline personality disorder
B)Autism spectrum disorder
C)Major depressive disorder
D)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Question 38

Brad has been in a state of incessant worry for almost half a year now.He has trouble sleeping and breathing.Dr.Simons, a psychiatrist, asks Brad detailed questions about his symptoms and medical history.Brad tells Dr.Simons that he cannot stop worrying and is constantly nervous.Brad also complains of muscular tension and stomach problems.After conducting a quick examination of Brad's symptoms, Dr.Simons discovers that Brad's incessant worry does not have a particular cause, and it has taken a physical toll on Brad's health.Which of the following disorders is Dr.Simons most likely to diagnose Brad with?

A)generalized anxiety disorder
B)schizophrenia
C)bipolar disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 39

Robert's teacher, Martha, has complained about his behavior on several occasions.According to Martha, Robert cannot focus in class and is constantly distracted.She also mentioned that Robert is extremely active and very impulsive by nature.If Robert were to be taken by his teacher to Dr.Miller, a psychiatrist, he is likely to be diagnosed with

A)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
B)borderline personality disorder.
C)autism spectrum disorder.
D)mild neurocognitive impairment.

Question 40

Dr.Davenport, a psychiatrist, is in the process of diagnosing Kelly's psychological disorder.He asks Kelly a series of questions regarding her symptoms.Kelly reveals that she often experiences overwhelming fear all of a sudden which is accompanied by pains in the chest and a feeling of helplessness.During these instances, she finds it difficult to breathe, has severe palpitations, and feels like she's going to die of cardiac arrest.In the context of psychological disorders, Dr.Davenport is most likely to diagnose Kelly with

A)schizophrenia.
B)social anxiety disorder.
C)paranoid personality disorder.
D)panic disorder.

Question 41

The anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation is called

A)specific phobia.
B)post-traumatic stress disorder.
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 42

_____ is an OCD-related disorder that involves a distressing preoccupation with imagined or slight flaws in one's physical appearance.

A)Excoriation
B)Trichotillomania
C)Body dysmorphic disorder
D)Hoarding disorder

Question 43

In the context of OCD-related disorders, an individual with hoarding disorder is most likely to

A)exhibit a distressing preoccupation with the flaws in his physical appearance.
B)compulsively pull at his hair from his scalp, eyebrows, and other body parts.
C)suffer from a compulsion that involves picking at his skin, sometimes to the point of injuring himself.
D)find it difficult to throw things away, troubled by the feeling that he might need them at a later time.

Question 44

Each time Harry feels anxious, he compulsively pulls hair from his scalp or eyebrows.This compulsive urge to pull his hair has made him partially bald.Harry is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following OCD-related disorders?

A)hoarding disorder
B)trichotillomania
C)excoriation
D)body dysmorphic disorder

Question 45

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A)does not seem to have a genetic component because it does not run in families.
B)is found in people with high levels of serotonin in their brain pathways.
C)is characterized by a nonfunctioning limbic system.
D)sometimes occurs during a period of life stress.

Question 46

A man who is so afraid of flying and who would go to any length to avoid flying is most likely experiencing

A)schizophrenia.
B)panic disorder.
C)specific phobia.
D)post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 47

Emily is in the habit of picking at her skin every time she feels nervous or anxious.Emily engages in this kind of compulsive behavior to such an extent that she ends up bruising herself in the process.In the context of OCD-related disorders, Emily is most likely suffering from

A)hoarding disorder.
B)body dysmorphic disorder.
C)excoriation.
D)trichotillomania.

Question 48

_____ is an anxiety disorder in which an individual has an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public.

A)Thanatophobia
B)Xenophobia
C)Social phobia
D)Gamophobia

Question 49

Alison had sustained severe injuries after being brutally attacked by a mad dog as a child.Following that incident, Alison has been experiencing an overwhelming sense of fear and paralysis every time she sees a dog.The fear is so intense that it keeps Alison from leaving her house.Alison believes that as long as she's inside her house, the chances of encountering a dog are slim.In the context of psychological disorders, Alison is most likely to be diagnosed with

A)social anxiety disorder.
B)specific phobia.
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true of individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

A)Individuals with OCD have an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations.
B)Individuals with OCD dwell on their doubts and repeat their routines sometimes hundreds of times a day
C)Individuals with OCD experience recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause.
D)Individuals with OCD have the ability to dismiss negative, intrusive thoughts by ignoring or effectively dismissing them.

Question 51

Alfred suffers from an extreme and irrational fear of spiders.His fear is exaggerated and disproportionate to the actual danger he might be in if he did encounter a spider.Alfred's fear of spiders is so intense that he would go to almost any length to avoid coming into contact with them.Alfred is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following disorders?

A)specific phobia
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)social anxiety disorder
D)post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 52

Jillian can't bear to leave her home without washing all the linens and floors, vacuuming the carpets, and organizing everything in her cupboards.Because she knows that her behavior is extreme, she has tried to go to work without doing all these things, but she becomes overwhelmed with such dread that she never makes it all the way to the office.Jillian probably has

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)post-traumatic stress disorder.
D)panic disorder.

Question 53

The most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive

A)exercising.
B)cleansing.
C)sleeping.
D)eating.

Question 54

Brenda is constantly in the habit of arranging and rearranging the things in her house.She feels very anxious when things are not arranged symmetrically and engages in this behavior to dismiss her negative feelings.Consequently, Brenda forbids children from entering her house because she is afraid that they will disturb the balance of orderliness.In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, Brenda is most likely to be diagnosed with

A)paranoid personality disorder.
B)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
C)post-traumatic stress disorder.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 55

Alex cannot control his impulse to wash his hands every five minutes.He washes his hands almost 100 times a day because he is terrified of being contaminated by germs.If Alex doesn't wash his hands, he experiences overwhelming anxiety.In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Alex is most likely to be diagnosed with

A)autism spectrum disorder.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)post-traumatic stress disorder.
D)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 56

_____ are recurrent thoughts, and _____ are recurrent behaviors.

A)Compulsions/obsessions
B)Obsessions/compulsions
C)Delusions/hallucinations
D)Hallucinations/delusions

Question 57

Eric has an extreme fear of being humiliated in public.As a result, he avoids public gatherings and functions.The thought of speaking in front of the crowd induces panic in him.Which of the following best describes Eric's disorder?

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)algophobia
D)social phobia

Question 58

Which of the following statements about specific phobia is true?

A)All disorders that involve repetitive behavior like hoarding disorder, excoriation, and trichotillomania are related to specific phobia.
B)All people who have a specific phobia also suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)Specific phobia is a disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event that overwhelms the person's abilities to cope.
D)Many explanations of specific phobias view these disorders as based on experiences and learned associations.

Question 59

Diana is afraid to throw things away because she feels that she might need them in the future.Consequently, Diana compulsively collects and stores large quantities of old newspapers, broken crockery, and old clothes.In the context of OCD-related disorders, Diana's excessive acquisition of objects and her inability to discard them are typical characteristics of

A)trichotillomania.
B)excoriation.
C)hoarding disorder.
D)body dysmorphic disorder.

Question 60

What differentiates people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from those who don't have OCD?

A)the ability to ignore or dismiss negative, intrusive thoughts
B)the presence of agoraphobia
C)a history of past sexual abuse
D)overprotective parents

Question 61

_____ is an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.

A)Anxiety
B)Fear
C)Anger
D)Depression

Question 62

When Sandra was 18 years old, she was in a serious car accident.Although she made a full recovery from her injuries, she experienced extreme anxiety afterward.Sandra is now very anxious when driving, has nightmares about the accident, and flinches when she goes through intersections.Sandra has symptoms suggestive of

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)social phobia.
C)post-traumatic stress disorder.
D)panic disorder.

Question 63

_____ refers to a psychological state in which an individual feels overexcited and unrealistically optimistic.

A)Psychosis
B)Catatonia
C)Mania
D)Depression

Question 64

Soldiers who have returned from the frontlines often struggle with overwhelming anxiety, nervousness, depression, and flashbacks.In many cases, these soldiers have problems with memory and an inability to experience happiness.These characteristics are indicative of

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)post-traumatic stress disorder.
C)specific phobia.
D)dissociative identity disorder.

Question 65

Ever since Kerry lost her job, she has been feeling worthless.It's been more than two weeks now since she slept well.She has lost a lot of weight and keeps thinking about committing suicide.In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Kerry is most likely suffering from

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)major depressive disorder.
C)social anxiety disorder.
D)antisocial personality disorder.

Question 66

_____ is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state.

A)Major depressive disorder
B)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)Bipolar disorder
D)Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 67

Learned helplessness and pessimistic attributional styles are two ways of understanding the _____ factors associated with depression.

A)bipolar
B)psychological
C)sociocultural
D)biological

Question 68

A depressive disorder is classified as a(n) _____ disorder.

A)anxiety
B)mood
C)personality
D)delusional

Question 69

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the leading cause of disability in the United States is

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)panic disorder.
C)schizophrenia.
D)major depressive disorder.

Question 70

Which of the following statements is true of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

A)An individual experiences PTSD symptoms only several months or years after a trauma.
B)Not every individual exposed to the same event develops PTSD.
C)Genetic inheritance does not play a role in the development of PTSD.
D)Individuals with PTSD seek attention and are open to expressing their emotions.

Question 71

For a person to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), he or she must have experienced a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least

A)a week.
B)two days.
C)two months.
D)two weeks.

Question 72

Depressed people tend to have fewer receptors of the neurotransmitters

A)dopamine and GABA.
B)GABA and epinephrine.
C)oxytocin and serotonin.
D)serotonin and norepinephrine.

Question 73

It has been over two years since the death of her husband and Jenna still cannot cope with her loss.Since then, she feels hopeless, and has been constantly preoccupied with thoughts of death and cannot seem to find much pleasure in life.In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Jenna is most likely suffering from

A)major depressive disorder.
B)bipolar disorder.
C)social anxiety disorder.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 74

Jerome was held hostage by gunmen along with 30 others in a 5-star hotel.He had witnessed the gunmen shoot other hostages and was denied food and water for two whole days.Since then, Jerome has had trouble sleeping and focusing on his work.Sometimes, Jerome loses track of where he is and feels like he is back at the hotel.These flashback episodes terrify Jerome and disturb his peace of mind.In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Jerome shows symptoms suggestive of

A)schizophrenia.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)post-traumatic stress disorder.
D)social anxiety disorder.

Question 75

All of the following are symptoms of major depressive disorder EXCEPT

A)reduced interest or pleasure in all or most activities.
B)significant weight gain or loss.
C)trouble sleeping or sleeping too much.
D)a history of manic episodes.

Question 76

Randy experienced a horrific childhood.She was physically and verbally abused by her mother and sexually abused by her stepfather.Years later, she began experiencing anxiety symptoms.Which of the following anxiety-related disorders would best apply to this situation?

A)major depressive disorder
B)post-traumatic stress disorder
C)bipolar disorder
D)schizophrenia

Question 77

Which of the following statements is true of the sociocultural factors involved in depression?

A)Men are nearly twice as likely as women to be diagnosed with depression.
B)Studies have found very low rates of depression in Native American groups.
C)Depression increases as standards of living and employment circumstances worsen.
D)Individuals with a low socioeconomic status (SES) are less likely to develop depression than their higher-SES counterparts.

Question 78

All of the following are symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder EXCEPT

A)flashbacks.
B)impulsive outbursts of behavior.
C)difficulties with memory and concentration.
D)feeling emotionally charged.

Question 79

Kelly experiences a great deal of anxiety over her physical appearance.She believes that her head is too big and her nose is asymmetrical.This troubling preoccupation with her physical features interferes with Kelly's occupational and social functioning.She spends hours in front of the mirror and isolates herself from her friends.In the context of OCD-related disorders, Kelly can be most likely diagnosed with

A)excoriation.
B)trichotillomania.
C)hoarding disorder.
D)body dysmorphic disorder.

Question 80

Cathy is worried about her mental health.She visits Dr.Henderson, a psychiatrist, to seek treatment for her condition.When Dr.Henderson asks her questions about herself, Cathy reveals that she is unhappy and feels worthless most of the time.She doesn't eat or sleep well and has even contemplated suicide.Dr.Henderson also learns that Cathy has been experiencing these distressing symptoms for almost three weeks.In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr.Henderson is likely to diagnose Cathy with

A)dissociative identity disorder.
B)bipolar disorder.
C)major depressive disorder.
D)social anxiety disorder.