Deck 1: Alleviating Human Misery: The Role of Economic Reasoning

Question 1

The Following Questions Refer to the graph below.
Given production possibilities curve (b),point Q

A)Can be reached through an improvement in technology
B)Represents some degree of inefficiency in the use of resources
C)Can be reached if the birth rate is reduced
D)Can be reached if the output of consumer goods is increased while the output of capital goods is reduced
E)Is undesirable

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is not a capital resource?

A)Land
B)Stocks and bonds
C)Buildings
D)Tools
E)Mineral deposits

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The Following Questions Refer to the graph below.
The movement from curve (a)to curve (b)suggests

A)A movement from unemployment to full employment
B)An improvement in capital good technology,but not in consumer good technology
C)An improvement in consumer good technology,but not in capital good technology
D)A decline in the total output of society
E)The society becomes worse off

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is the primary goal of an economy?

A)Maximizing economic growth
B)Minimizing unemployment
C)Minimizing the effects of scarcity
D)Minimizing the national debt
E)Maximizing GDP

Question 5

The Following Questions Refer to the graph below.
Given production possibilities curve (a),point N suggests that

A)The economy is attaining full employment,but not full production
B)The economy is attaining full production,but not full employment
C)The economy is using its available resources inefficiently
D)The economy is attaining both full employment and full production
E)Point N is unattainable

Question 6

The Following Questions Refer to the graph below.
At which of the following points is the economy producing efficiently?

A)Q
B)G
C)N
D)B
E)E

Question 7

The means for satisfying wants are

A)Insatiable
B)Unlimited
C)Infinite
D)Scarce
E)Unavailable

Question 8

If an economy is experiencing unemployment,it is operating at a point

A)On its PPC
B)Below its PPC
C)Beyond its PPC
D)At the horizontal intercept of its PPC
E)At the vertical intercept of its PPC

Question 9

The know-how and the means and methods of production available in an economy are known as

A)Technology
B)Capital
C)Human capital
D)Labor
E)Management

Question 10

The fundamental economic problem involves

A)Overpopulation
B)Inflation and unemployment
C)Scarce resources and unlimited wants
D)Cheap foreign labor
E)Supply and demand

Question 11

The Following Questions Refer to the graph below.
If the economy were producing combination G initially,the cost of producing additional BD units of capital goods is the value of

A)The resources used in producing OD of capital goods
B)The resources used in producing EF of consumer goods
C)The resources used in producing OE of consumer goods
D)BD units of capital goods
E)BD units of consumer goods

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a capital resource?

A)A firm's employee
B)Money in a firm's bank account
C)Agricultural land
D)A worker's productivity
E)All of the above

Question 13

The fundamental economic problem is

A)Inflation
B)That resources are scarce relative to wants
C)Supply and demand
D)How to make more money
E)Unemployment

Question 14

Which of the follow best describes human wants and desires? They

A)Are unlimited in the aggregate
B)Stop after a person attains the things necessary for life
C)Do not include "extras" like variety
D)Are not affected by what others have
E)Do not change once we attain our desired set of goods

Question 15

The bow shape of the production possibilities curve

Question 16

Economic reasoning would not be necessary if

A)Our wants were limited
B)Resources were expansive
C)Scarcity were decreased
D)We could have everything we wanted
E)Politicians were better at running the economy

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an example of a capital resource?

A)Forests
B)A printing press
C)Semi-finished materials
D)A computer technician
E)Inventories

Question 18

A three-year-old learns about the fundamental economic problem when she

A)Gets presents for her birthday
B)Is punished for drawing on the walls
C)Has to eat green beans for dinner
D)Is told she can't have a toy at the store
E)Watches her favorite cartoon

Question 19

Labor resources include

A)The equipment workers use to complete their work
B)Only non-management personnel
C)Any efforts of a person to produce goods
D)Only the physical efforts of an economy's people
E)All of the above

Question 20

A production possibilities curve represents all of an economy's combinations for production that are

A)Possible
B)Efficient
C)Attainable
D)Inefficient
E)Desirable

Question 21

The Following Questions Refer to the graph below.
Which point does not represent efficient production for Sharpland in 2007?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 22

If population in a country falls while GDP stays the same,the country's

A)Real GDP falls
B)Real GDP rises
C)Per capita GDP rises
D)Per capita GDP falls
E)Welfare falls

Question 23

The Following Questions Refer to the graph below.
In 2007,Sharpland can increase its production of food without decreasing its production of education by moving from point

A)C to D
B)C to E
C)D to A
D)E to B
E)E to G

Question 24

The Following Questions Refer to the graph below.
If Mary Ann decides to swim in the lagoon in the afternoon,instead of working,she will move to a point

A)Beyond her PPC
B)Below her PPC
C)Higher on her PPC
D)Lower on her PPC
E)Off the PPC graph

Question 25

If a country's GDP increases from $1,000 to $2,000 at the same time prices double,real GDP will

A)Rise
B)Fall
C)Stay the same
D)Fluctuate
E)Be unable to be determined

Question 26

The Following Questions Refer to the graph below.
Which of the following points is unattainable for Sharpland in 2012?

A)A
B)G
C)F
D)D
E)H

Question 27

If Ford Motors shifts all production outside of the U.S.,which of the following is true?

A)GNP would remain unchanged and GDP would decline
B)GDP would remain unchanged
C)Both GNP and GDP would remain unchanged
D)GDP would remain unchanged and GNP would decline
E)GNP would increase

Question 28

The Following Questions Refer to the graph below.
A movement from point g to point e in 2012 is optimal only if

A)People in Sharpland like education more than food
B)People in Sharpland like food more than education
C)The MSC > MSB
D)The MSC < MSB
E)Point c is not an option

Question 29

If a country's GDP increases from $1m to $2m at the same time prices remain the same,real GDP will

A)Rise
B)Fall
C)Stay the same
D)Fluctuate
E)Be unable to be determined

Question 30

Why is there "no such thing as a free lunch"?

A)You end up buying the next time
B)You often get stuck with the check
C)The time you spend eating lunch could be spent some other way
D)"Free" lunches often aren't good and make you sick later on
E)You don't always get what you want to eat

Question 31

If a country's GDP increases from $1m to $2m at the same time prices increase by half (50%),real GDP will

A)Rise
B)Fall
C)Stay the same
D)Fluctuate
E)Be unable to be determined

Question 32

The Following Questions Refer to the graph below.
For Mary Ann,the opportunity cost of 100 coconut cream pies is equal to how many grass huts?

A)5
B)10
C)20
D)100
E)120

Question 33

The Following Questions Refer to the graph below.
Which of the following would allow Mary Ann to produce 110 coconut cream pies?

A)Decrease in production of grass huts
B)An improvement in her means and methods of pie production
C)A decrease in the resources used for making grass huts
D)Putting all of her resources into producing coconut cream pies
E)Finding a better way to produce grass huts

Question 34

While per capita GDP is a useful measure of economic well-being,it fails to take into account

A)The population of the economy
B)The value of capital goods produced within the economy
C)The value of goods produced for export
D)The distribution of GDP within the economy
E)Whether goods were produced within the country

Question 35

If education and food are the two goods that society can produce,an increase in the production technology for food will result in

A)An increase in general economic growth
B)A decrease in the production of education
C)An increase in specific economic growth
D)A decrease in the production of education
E)A decrease in the opportunity cost of education

Question 36

The Following Questions Refer to the graph below.
Which of the following best explains the shift of Sharpland's PPC between 2007 and 2012? An increase in

A)The number of tractors
B)General technology
C)Agricultural land resources
D)The quality and quantity of teachers
E)The demand for schooling

Question 37

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)is defined as

A)The total volume of goods and services produced in the economy in a year's time
B)The value of all goods produced in the economy in a year's time,minus production of capital goods
C)The value of all goods and services produced in final form in the economy in a year's time using domestically owned resources
D)The value of all goods and services that could possibly be produced in the economy in a year's time
E)None of the above

Question 38

Suppose that Gross Domestic Product for 2012 is $600 million and the price index for that year (2005 = 100)is 300.GDP for 2012 in constant (2005)dollars is

A)Impossible to determine with this information
B)$200,000,000
C)$20,000
D)$200,000
E)$2,000,000

Question 39

The Following Questions Refer to the graph below.
Mary Ann's straight line PPC indicates that the opportunity cost of coconut cream pies is

A)Increasing
B)Decreasing
C)Constant
D)100
E)0

Question 40

Which of the following provides the best measure of the standard of living in an economy in a single year?

A)The Consumer Price Index
B)The Wholesale Price Index
C)Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
D)Per capita Real GDP
E)None of the above

Question 41

The well-being of LDCs,as measured by per capita real GDP,is probably overstated due to

A)Inflation
B)Population increases
C)Unemployment
D)Income distribution
E)Life expectancy

Question 42

In 2011,a country produces 2 bushels of wheat,each selling for $5.In 2012,the country also produces 2 bushels of wheat,but each bushel sells for $10.Which of the following is true?

A)Real GDP did not change between 2011 and 2012
B)Real GDP doubled between 2011 and 2012
C)GDP did not change between 2011 and 2012
D)GDP increased by 50% between 2011 and 2012
E)None of the above is true

Question 43

In a lesser-developed country,a high rate of population growth

A)Stimulates demand for products and accelerates the development process
B)Seldom occurs
C)Is not a serious problem,since the rate of growth in GDP always exceeds the rate of population increase
D)May be a problem since,as development begins,the higher rate of population growth impedes the growth of per capita income
E)Is beneficial for economic development

Question 44

Which of the following are potential obstacles to economic development in LDCs?

A)Lack of resources
B)Lack of an education
C)War and political instability
D)Traditional methods of production and ownership of resources
E)All of the above

Question 45

In year 1,an economy produces 10m cars at a price of $15,000 each.In year 2,the economy produces 10m cars,but the price of each car is $20,000.Which of the following is true?

A)Real GDP has increased
B)Real GDP has decreased
C)Current dollar GDP has increased
D)Current dollar GDP has decreased
E)Productivity has increased

Question 46

Developing countries can shift their production possibility curves out through

A)Improvements of labor force quality
B)Capital accumulation
C)Technological development
D)Discovery of new natural resources
E)All of the above

Question 47

When analyzing the performance of a single economy over time,which measure is most appropriate?

A)Real GDP
B)GDP
C)Real GDP per capita
D)GDP per capita
E)Base year GDP

Question 48

The efficiency of resource usage in LDCs can be improved by all of the following except:

A)The adaptation of new technology
B)Increased capital investment
C)Adopting more flexible wage structures
D)Maintaining the existing land ownership,or tenure,system
E)Upgrading transportation networks

Question 49

What is the MSB of a shift from the production of 20 units of food and 2 units of education to 10 units of food and 3 units of education?

A)20 units of food
B)10 units of food
C)1 unit of education
D)2 units of education
E)3 units of education

Question 50

To correct for inflation,GDP numbers must be converted using the price level in a given year known as the

A)Base year
B)Real year
C)Current year
D)Constant year
E)Inflation year

Question 51

The most important key to improvement in the quality of a country's labor force is

A)Health care
B)Nutrition
C)Mobility
D)Education
E)Population growth

Question 52

When comparing the performance of economies in terms of the average well-being of their inhabitants,which measure is most appropriate?

A)Real GDP
B)GDP
C)Real GDP per capita
D)GDP per capita
E)Base year GDP

Question 53

The opportunity cost borne by society when an additional unit of a good is produced is

A)Marginal social cost
B)Marginal social benefit
C)Cost/benefit analysis
D)Scarcity rent
E)GDP

Question 54

A movement along a production possibilities curve will lead to an increase in social well-being,as long as

A)There is enough labor and capital available to make the move
B)The MSB of the move is greater than the MSC
C)The MSB of the move is equal to the MSC
D)The MSB of the move is less than the MSC
E)No one in the economy is left worse off by the move

Question 55

Increases in a country's population will always have which of the following effects?

A)The PPC will shift out
B)Welfare will decline
C)Economic development will be slowed
D)Death rates will increase
E)None of the above

Question 56

Marginal social cost

Question 57

Given the amounts of resources available for an economy,GDP

A)Will be determined solely by the amounts of labor and capital present
B)Will be larger the better the techniques of production used
C)Can increase only if there is an increase in the quantities of these resources
D)Will usually be equitably divided among the population
E)Will not change over time

Question 58

Which of the following is a technique used to determine the optimal level of an economic activity?

A)Cost/benefit analysis
B)Production possibilities curve analysis
C)GDP analysis
D)Opportunity cost analysis
E)None of the above

Question 59

Real per capita GDP is defined as

A)Population/real GDP
B)GDP/population
C)Real GDP/price index
D)Real GDP/population
E)Price index/GDP

Question 60

If 10 units of food must be given up to produce an additional unit of education,which of the following is true?

A)The MSC of the unit of education is 10
B)The MSB of the unit of education is 10
C)The MSC of the food is 10
D)The MSB of the food is 10
E)None of the above

Question 61

Nowhere in the world today experiences faminE.

Question 62

If the MSC of an additional hour of an activity is greater than the MSB,you should

A)Do more of the activity
B)Do less of the activity
C)Not change your level of the activity
D)Do less of another activity
E)Do more of the activity if you like doing it

Question 63

Economic problems arise because human wants are unlimited and the means available for satisfying them are limiteD.

Question 64

Which of the following policies will NOT contribute to economic development in an LDC?

A)Pursue economic stability
B)Promote capital accumulation through tax incentives
C)Provide social infrastructure
D)Promote efficiency
E)Pursue policies designed to increase birth rates

Question 65

Any change for which MSB>MSC will

A)Increase social well-being
B)Decrease social well-being
C)Not change social well-being
D)Cost more than it is worth to society
E)Increase GDP

Question 66

The developed countries are approaching the point at which the wants of their population are fully satisfieD.

Question 67

Which of the following is related to poverty in LDCs?

A)Low capital-to-labor ratios
B)Few available capital resources
C)Poor transportation networks
D)Limited mineral deposits
E)All of the above

Question 68

The purpose of a base year when constructing a price index is:

A)Showing how the output values rise from year to year
B)Encourage inflation
C)Providing a means to compare the economy's output across different time periods
D)To show why expenditures on government goods and services need to increase
E)Indicate the progress in keeping prices low

Question 69

Cost-benefit analysis

A)Is only useful when making economic choices
B)Applies best to financial decisions
C)Suggests that an activity should be expanded if it yields greater marginal benefits than costs
D)Is useful in correcting GDP numbers for inflation
E)Suggests an activity should be expended if MSC > MSB

Question 70

Which of the following is an organization through which DCs jointly assist LDCs?

A)The World Bank
B)NATO
C)The Federal Reserve
D)NAFTA
E)The WTO

Question 71

Which of the following is not a cause of poverty in LDCs? The

A)Quality of labor
B)Stock of capital
C)Level of technology
D)Population density
E)Capital accumulation rates

Question 72

The fundamental economic problem is how to make money.

Question 73

A country can shift out its production possibilities curve by

A)Improving its technology
B)Shifting its production from one good to another
C)Experiencing a population drop
D)Using its farmland more productively
E)All of the above

Question 74

To help LDCs develop,governments of DCs provide

A)Loans
B)Grants
C)Humanitarian aid
D)Technical assistance
E)All of the above

Question 75

Which of the following is an example of social infrastructure?

A)The transportation network
B)The communication network
C)A power system
D)An airport
E)All of the above

Question 76

Approximately two thirds of the world's population goes to sleep hungry at night.

Question 77

Approximately one fifth of the world survives on less than $1 per day.

Question 78

The quality of the labor force is often measured by

A)Illiteracy rates
B)GDP per capita
C)Capital-to-labor ratios
D)Life expectancy
E)Infant mortality rates

Question 79

With private property rights,the decision about how to use resources are made by

A)The government
B)Private firms
C)Individual resource owners
D)Resource committees
E)All of the above

Question 80

To promote development,the governments of LDCs should pursue policies that

A)Improve the quality of labor
B)Enhance capital accumulation
C)Raise technology levels
D)Increase efficiency
E)Do all of the above