Deck 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Question 1

Just as the transition from elementary school to middle or junior high school involves change and possible stress,so does the transition from high school to college.The two transitions have many parallels.Which of the following is one of them?

A)Movement to a more personal school structure
B)Increased parental monitoring
C)The top-dog phenomenon
D)Decreased interaction with peers

Answer 1

The top-dog phenomenon

Question 2

Which of the following is a positive feature of the transition from high school to college?

A)Decreased focus on achievement and its assessment
B)Opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values
C)Reduced peer pressure
D)Movement to a smaller,more personal school structure

Answer 2

Opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values

Question 3

Most swimmers and gymnasts peak in their:

A)early thirties.
B)mid-twenties.
C)late twenties.
D)late teens.

Answer 3

late teens.

Question 4

For many individuals in developed countries,going from high school to college is an important aspect of:

A)the transition to adulthood.
B)the transition to adolescence.
C)identity confusion.
D)postconventional thought.

Question 5

Muscle tone and strength usually begin to show signs of decline around the age of:

A)25.
B)30.
C)40.
D)20.

Question 6

Which of the following athletes would be MOST likely to peak earliest?

A)Golfer
B)Swimmer
C)Marathon runner
D)Baseball player

Question 7

In developing countries,a significant marker of entry into adulthood is:

A)holding a permanent,full-time job.
B)moving into one's own home.
C)getting married.
D)having a child.

Question 8

A longitudinal study found that at 25 years of age,_____ of the participants were fully financially independent of their family of origin.

A)very few
B)a little more than half
C)most
D)all

Question 9

According to a recent study,at-risk youth entered emerging adulthood _____ than the general population.

A)later
B)much earlier
C)slightly earlier
D)at the same time

Question 10

In the United States,the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is:

A)holding a permanent,full-time job.
B)moving into one's own home.
C)getting married.
D)having a child.

Question 11

The mortality rate of emerging adults is _____ the mortality rate of adolescents.

A)about the same as
B)about half
C)more than twice
D)marginally higher than

Question 12

Identify the time when hearing peaks.

A)Infancy
B)Middle adulthood
C)Early adulthood
D)Adolescence

Question 13

Most of us reach our peak physical performance:

A)before the age of 30; often between the ages of 19 and 26.
B)often between the ages of 15 and 22.
C)before the age of 20.
D)before the age of 22; often between the ages of 14 and 19.

Question 14

In one study,both parents and college students agreed that taking responsibility for one's actions and _____ are important aspects of becoming an adult.

A)physical maturity
B)spiritual maturity
C)developing emotional control
D)community service

Question 15

In non-industrialized countries,marriage,the marker for entry into adulthood,usually occurs _____ it occurs in the United States.

A)much earlier than
B)much later than
C)around the same time as
D)soon after

Question 16

"Many emerging adults are optimistic about their future,and,for emerging adults who have experienced difficult times while growing up,emerging adulthood presents an opportunity to direct their lives in a more positive direction." These are the two ways described by Jeffrey Arnett in which emerging adulthood can be viewed as:

A)a period of stability.
B)the period of social responsibilities.
C)the age of possibilities.
D)a time of feeling "in-between."

Question 17

The transition from adolescence to adulthood has been referred to as emerging adulthood,which occurs from approximately _____ years of age.

A)12 to 18
B)18 to 25
C)21 to 26
D)20 to 30

Question 18

All of the following are key features identified by Jeffrey Arnett as characterizing emerging adulthood EXCEPT:

A)Stability.
B)Identity exploration.
C)Being self-focused.
D)Feeling "in-between".

Question 19

James,an American,will most likely consider himself an adult when he _____,whereas Nirmal,an Indian,will most likely consider himself an adult when he _____.

A)moves out of the house; graduates from college
B)gets a full-time job; gets married
C)turns 21; becomes financially independent
D)gets married; buys his first home

Question 20

The lessening of physical abilities is a common complaint among:

A)the just-turned thirties.
B)the just-turned twenties.
C)adolescents.
D)the teens.

Question 21

Being overweight or obese is linked to increased risk of:

A)cancer.
B)Down syndrome.
C)anemia.
D)hypertension.

Question 22

A recent study found a(n)_____ percent increase in the rates of being overweight or obese from the freshman year in college to the senior year.

A)one
B)four
C)seven
D)fifteen

Question 23

A longitudinal study revealed that MOST bad health habits engaged in during adolescence _____ in emerging adulthood.

A)receded
B)did not continue
C)remained unchanged
D)increased

Question 24

The National Weight Control Registry is an ongoing examination of individuals who have lost 30 pounds and kept it off for at least one year.One of the most consistent findings is that these successful dieters engage in:

A)meditation.
B)a high level of physical activity.
C)constant dieting.
D)a moderate to high level of alcohol consumption.

Question 25

According to research,which of the following is an effective method of losing weight?

A)Diet-plus-exercise programs
B)Diet-only programs
C)Diet pills
D)High protein diets

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT linked to sleep deprivation in emerging adults?

A)Shortened life span
B)Increased job performance
C)Cognitive impairments
D)Cardiovascular disease

Question 27

One study explored links between health behavior and life satisfaction in more than 17,000 individuals 17 to 30 years of age in 21 countries.The young adults' life satisfaction was NOT found to be positively related to:

A)alcohol consumption.
B)limiting fat intake.
C)using sun protection.
D)eating fruits.

Question 28

Emerging adults have _____ chronic health problems,and they have _____ colds and respiratory problems than when they were children.

A)few; fewer
B)several; far more
C)many; fewer
D)hardly any; significantly more

Question 29

A recent study of college students from low-SES backgrounds and high-SES backgrounds showed that college students from low-SES backgrounds _____ than their higher-SES counterparts.

A)ate more fast food and fewer fruits/vegetables
B)showed healthier weight control
C)engaged in higher levels of physical activity
D)had a more balanced diet

Question 30

Lower levels of physical activity,eating more fast food and fewer fruits and vegetables,and difficulties with weight control are characteristic of:

A)college students from low-SES backgrounds.
B)college students from middle-SES backgrounds.
C)college students from high-SES backgrounds.
D)college students majoring in psychology.

Question 31

Emerging adults fail to develop health-promoting habits because they:

A)believe that good genes will override any unhealthy behaviors.
B)lack knowledge about which behaviors are healthy and unhealthy.
C)are reluctant to be seen as health-conscious.
D)do not think about how their lifestyle will affect them later in life.

Question 32

Rhett is looking for the most effective way to lose his excess weight and to keep it off.You would tell him that the most effective weight-loss programs invariably include:

A)a calorie-reducing diet.
B)daily weigh-ins.
C)exercise.
D)counseling.

Question 33

A recent study revealed that college students from low-SES backgrounds _____ than their higher-SES counterparts.

A)ate less fast food
B)ate more fruits and vegetables
C)controlled their weight better
D)engaged in lower levels of physical activity

Question 34

A recent analysis predicted that _____ percent of U.S.adults will be obese in 2030.

A)10
B)42
C)33
D)50

Question 35

Obesity is linked to increased risk of:

A)cancer.
B)Turner syndrome.
C)cardiovascular disease.
D)chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Question 36

According to a recent international comparison of 33 developed countries,which of the following countries was found to have the highest percentage of obese adults?

A)The United States
B)Italy
C)Norway
D)Japan

Question 37

One study explored links between health behavior and life satisfaction in more than 17,000 individuals 17 to 30 years of age in 21 countries.Which of the following has NOT been found to be positively related to young adults' life satisfaction?

A)Not smoking
B)Exercising regularly
C)Fiber intake
D)Using sun protection

Question 38

According to a recent study,college students from low-SES backgrounds _____ when compared to their higher-SES counterparts.

A)engaged in higher levels of physical activity
B)showed unhealthy weight control
C)ate more fruits and vegetables
D)ate less fast food

Question 39

Brian was of average weight throughout childhood and in college.However,he has gained more than 30 pounds after he started working,and is now finding it very difficult to lose the excess weight and to maintain weight loss.His doctor tells him that one of the reasons for this may be because:

A)the set point he was born with cannot be changed.
B)he may not be able to get rid of the fat cells he gained when he put on weight.
C)there is a lower availability of energy-saving devices.
D)the human genome has changed markedly in the last century.

Question 40

A recent national survey found that _____ percent of U.S.20- to 39-year-olds were obese.

A)19
B)45
C)27
D)10

Question 41

According to research,all of the following are predictors of an increased likelihood of "hooking-up" EXCEPT:

A)Impulsivity.
B)Alcohol.
C)Sensation seeking.
D)Executive function.

Question 42

A recent study of college students revealed that females' motivation to exercise focused more on:

A)improving strength.
B)competition.
C)weight management.
D)challenge.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a consequence associated with binge drinking?

A)Vascular changes in blood flow
B)Increased risk for heart attack
C)Regular class attendance
D)Having unprotected sex

Question 44

In 2012,approximately what percentage of college students reported engaging in binge drinking?

A)21 percent
B)38 percent
C)59 percent
D)77 percent

Question 45

Which of the following is included in the patterns of heterosexual behavior for males and females in emerging adulthood?

A)Emerging adults are less likely than young adults to have had sexual intercourse with two or more individuals.
B)Males report being more selective about their sexual partners than females.
C)Casual sex is more common in emerging adulthood than in young adulthood.
D)Emerging adults have sex more frequently than young adults.

Question 46

Ramona is a college student who is most likely to exercise because she is concerned with:

A)the competition.
B)the challenge.
C)gaining strength.
D)looking good.

Question 47

A recent study of college students revealed that males' motivation to exercise involved:

A)strength.
B)appearance.
C)weight management.
D)camaraderie.

Question 48

According to the Institute of Social Research,which of the following describes extreme binge drinking?

A)About eight drinks a week
B)About five drinks a week
C)Ten or more drinks in a row
D)Six to eight drinks in a row

Question 49

Emerging adulthood is a time frame during which most individuals are:

A)in exclusive relationships and married.
B)abstaining from sex and unmarried.
C)sexually active and unmarried.
D)sexually active and married.

Question 50

At a party,Mike has 12 drinks in a row.This is characterized as:

A)binge eating.
B)binge drinking.
C)pregaming.
D)extreme binge drinking.

Question 51

Having non-relationship sex (from kissing to intercourse)is called:

A)"hooking up."
B)"hanging out."
C)"flirting."
D)"teasing."

Question 52

Which of the following statements about the benefits of exercise is TRUE?

A)About 50 percent of adults get the recommended levels of physical activity.
B)Exercise can be as effective in reducing depression as psychotherapy.
C)Only intense physical activities will produce important physical gains.
D)Exercise has little impact on self-concept and in reducing anxiety.

Question 53

According to a longitudinal study by Jerald Bachman and his colleagues,by the time individuals reach their mid-twenties,_____ alcohol and drugs.

A)many have reduced their use of
B)most have increased their use of
C)almost all have ceased their use of
D)most have become addicted to

Question 54

By the end of emerging adulthood (age 25),_____ individuals have had sexual intercourse.

A)about 60 percent of
B)about half of all
C)most
D)more than a quarter of

Question 55

Tapei is a young adult who exercises regularly.Tapei can expect to see all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Increased fatigue.
B)Better weight control.
C)Improved self-concept.
D)Reduction in anxiety.

Question 56

Which of the following is the average age of marriage for males in the United States?

A)30
B)28
C)26
D)25

Question 57

Binge drinking peaks at about:

A)16 to 18 years of age.
B)21 to 22 years of age.
C)17 to 19 years of age.
D)24 to 26 years of age.

Question 58

Approximately what percentage of adults age 18 to 29 reported exercising for at least thirty minutes a day,three or more times a week?

A)20 percent
B)35 percent
C)55 percent
D)85 percent

Question 59

According to a recent study,binge drinking peaks at:

A)17 to 18 years of age.
B)21 to 22 years of age.
C)25 to 26 years of age.
D)37 to 38 years of age.

Question 60

Sustained exercises such as jogging,swimming,or cycling that stimulate heart and lung activity are known as:

A)calisthenics.
B)strength training.
C)flexibility exercises.
D)aerobic exercises.

Question 61

Which one of the following is the BEST predictors of getting an STI?

A)Having multiple sexual partners
B)Being in a committed monogamous relationship
C)Engaging in sexual activity with same-sex partners
D)Using barrier methods of contraception

Question 62

Manny has contracted a virus that is destroying his body's immune system.Manny most likely has:

A)AIDS.
B)herpes.
C)syphilis.
D)gonorrhea.

Question 63

Which of the following statements about sexual orientation is considered TRUE today?

A)Most individuals have a bisexual orientation.
B)Sexual orientation is an either/or proposition where individuals are either heterosexual or homosexual.
C)Sexual orientation is a continuum from exclusive male-female relations to exclusive same-sex relations.
D)Individuals of different sexual orientation have different physiological responses during sexual arousal.

Question 64

Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in heterosexual and homosexual relationships?

A)Lesbians have more permissive attitudes towards casual sex than gay men.
B)Heterosexual women have more sexual partners than heterosexual men.
C)Both heterosexual women and lesbians have fewer sexual partners than men.
D)Gay men are less likely to have sex outside a relationship than lesbians.

Question 65

The critical-period hypothesis could explain:

A)why homosexuals seem to be aroused by the same types of tactile stimulation as heterosexuals.
B)how sexual orientation is mostly a product of culture and life experiences.
C)why some clinicians consider homosexuality the product of an abnormality of the brain.
D)why sexual orientation is difficult,if not impossible,to modify.

Question 66

In 1994,Robert Michael and his colleagues conducted a comprehensive survey of American sexual patterns.Results from this "Sex in America" survey suggested that Americans' sexual lives are _____ than previously believed.

A)more conservative
B)less conservative
C)more active
D)less active

Question 67

According to Piaget,the _____ stage of cognitive development characterizes adults as well as adolescents.

A)formal operational
B)concrete operational
C)sensorimotor
D)preoperational

Question 68

Condoms are less effective against the spread of:

A)syphilis.
B)herpes.
C)chlamydia.
D)gonorrhea.

Question 69

According to Jean Piaget,which of the following characterizes the thinking of 7- to 11-year-olds?

A)Preoperational thinking
B)Formal operational thinking
C)Concrete operational thinking
D)Sensorimotor thinking

Question 70

Which of the following is a similarity in the reasoning of Jean Piaget and information-processing psychologists?

A)The cognitive abilites of adolescents and young adults are quantitatively identical.
B)Adolescents are capable of concrete operational thinking and only in adulthood do individuals enter the formal operational stage.
C)Adults think more idealistically than adolescents do.
D)Adults especially increase their knowledge in a specific area.

Question 71

Cal and Lacy are friends; they have occasional sex,but are not in a committed relationship.This style of relationship is called:

A)"hooking up."
B)"friends with benefits."
C)"close pals."
D)"bed buddies."

Question 72

According to Piaget,which of the following is the final stage of cognitive development?

A)Sensorimotor stage
B)Concrete operational stage
C)Formal operational stage
D)Preoperational stage

Question 73

According to Jean Piaget,at approximately 11 to 15 years of age,adolescents enter the _____ stage of cognitive development.

A)formal operational
B)concrete operational
C)preoperational
D)sensorimotor

Question 74

Which of the following statements accurately reflects a key finding from the 1994 "Sex in America" survey?

A)Most Americans have sex twice a week or more.
B)Married and cohabiting couples have sex more often than noncohabiting couples.
C)Most Americans reported enjoying kinky sexual acts.
D)Women think about sex far more than men do.

Question 75

Research supports the belief that bisexuality is:

A)a stepping stone to homosexuality.
B)a stable orientation that involves attraction to both sexes.
C)always experimental and eventually leads to either a heterosexual or homosexual orientation.
D)more common in men than in women.

Question 76

Which gender is more likely to engage in sexual experiences with both same-sex and opposite-sex partners?

A)Males
B)Females
C)Both are equally likely.
D)Neither males nor females engage in sex with both same-sex and opposite-sex partners.

Question 77

Results from the "Sex in America" survey suggest that adult sexual behavior is ruled by _____ and _____ for most Americans.

A)abstinence; marriage
B)kinkiness; infidelity
C)marriage; monogamy
D)noncohabitation; polygamy

Question 78

Marie is reluctant to marry since she is worried that her husband might cheat on her.You would tell her that adultery is:

A)widespread in the U.S.
B)a problem in almost half the marriages in the U.S.
C)clearly the exception rather than the rule.
D)a problem most married couples in the U.S.have faced at some point or other.

Question 79

Before Jane has sex with her boyfriend,she asks if he has tested positive for HIV and also requires that he use a condom.Given our knowledge of HIV and the sexual behavior and attitudes of most adults,we can conclude that Jane's practice is:

A)safe.
B)not safe,because condoms do not provide protection from HIV.
C)not completely safe,because condoms can fail and many people lie to have sex.
D)not safe,because she could still contract HIV from casual contact with her boyfriend before sex.

Question 80

Piaget stressed that young adults are more quantitatively advanced in their thinking than adolescents because:

A)they engage in less logical and abstract thinking.
B)they have more knowledge.
C)they enter the concrete operational stage at about 18 years of age.
D)they engage in more idealistic thinking.