Deck 10: Energy Balance and Weight Control

Question 1

Deon has pancreatic cancer.His BMI is 14.2,and he's lost a substantial amount of subcutaneous fat.Based on this information,Deon has

A)vitamin toxicity disorders,especially those associated with the fat-soluble vitamins.
B)increased urinary nitrogen output in response to the lack of subcuteous fat.
C)numerous bruises on his body,especially his arms and legs.
D)elevated visceral fat.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Disordered eating practices are usually temporary and occur when the person is under stress.
B)Young women are more likely to develop muscle dysmorphia than young men.
C)According to the DSM-5,there are two main types of eating disorders that physicians can diagnose: bulimia and anorexia.
D)Binge-eating disorder is the most serious eating disorder,because 36% of people with the condition commit suicide.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to national surveys,the percentage of obese American adults increased by almost ____ % between 1988-1994 and 2009-2010.

A)40
B)70
C)50
D)60

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A person's risk of _____ increases as his or her BMI is 30 or more.

A)pernicious anemia
B)cystic fibrosis
C)type 2 diabetes
D)parkinson's disease

Question 5

_____ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises.

A)Visceral
B)Subcutaneous
C)Intracellular
D)Cellulite

Question 6

Jason is a college football player who works out for 60 minutes per day,at least 5 days a week.He weighs 230 pounds,and his BMI is 24.3.According to this information,Jason

A)is obese.
B)is overweight.
C)has the athletic sports triad.
D)has more lean than fat tissue.

Question 7

Which of the following behaviors is typical of sign someone who has disordered eating but not an eating disorder?

A)Regularly using laxatives lose weight
B)Frequently making oneself vomit after meals
C)Eating only cooked pasta with grated cheese for several meals
D)Binge-eating daily for 2 months

Question 8

Pedro would like to gain weight,but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder,his BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in one year.According to this information,his physician will need to

A)treat him with hypermetabolic medications.
B)provide him with a low-fat,low-carb diet that provides 900 kcal/day to gain weight.
C)let him know that it is not necessary for him to gain weight,because his BMI is in the healthy range.
D)determine whether he has a serious chronic disease,such as inflammatory bowel disease.

Question 9

Which of the following behaviors is typical of someone who has disordered eating but not an eating disorder?

A)Skipping breakfast when late for an exam
B)Binge-eating daily for 2 months
C)Regularly using laxatives lose weight
D)Frequently making oneself vomit after meals

Question 10

In the United States,_____ are more likely to be overweight or obese than other adults.

A)white post-menopausal women
B)non-Hispanic black women
C)middle-age men with Asian ancestry
D)Hispanic men who are between 20 and 30 years of age

Question 11

According to the ____ theory,a person's body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter.

A)hormonal inaction
B)thermostatic
C)metabolic
D)set point

Question 12

The _____ is based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat.

A)VO_{2 max}
B)body mass index
C)adjusted adiposity factor
D)waist/hip variable

Question 13

_____ is the standard for evaluating body weight that is based on the relationship between weight and risk of certain chronic diseases.

A)Fat-to-lean index
B)Body mass index
C)Relative adiposity index
D)Waist circumference index

Question 14

According to the "set point theory," a person's

A)body weight is influenced primarily by environmental factors.
B)body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter.
C)saturated fat intake strongly influences the rate at which he or she loses weight.
D)metabolic rate remains the same,regardless of environmental or physical factors.

Question 15

Robert would like to gain weight,but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder,his BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in one year.According to this information,his physician will need to

A)let him know that it is not necessary for him to gain weight,because his BMI is in the healthy range.
B)determine whether he has a serious chronic disease,such as tuberculosis.
C)treat him with hypermetabolic medications.
D)provide him with a low-fat,low-carb diet that provides 900 kcal/day to gain weight.

Question 16

People with BMIs of 25 or more have greater risks of _____ than people with BMIs in the healthy range.

A)anemia
B)fluorosis
C)osteomalacia
D)hypertension

Question 17

Esther would like to gain weight,but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder,her BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in one year.According to this information,Esther's physician will need to

A)let Esther know that she shouldn't try to gain weight,because her BMI is in the healthy range.
B)provide Esther with a low-fat,low-carb diet that provides 900 kcal/day to gain weight.
C)treat Esther with hypermetabolic medications.
D)determine whether Esther has cancer or another chronic disease.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true?

A)An obese person with a BMI of 32 has more healthy fat tissue than an obese person with a BMI of 30.
B)A healthy person has a percentage of body fat that is between 1 and 9%.
C)A man is obese when his percentage of body fat reaches 15%.
D)A person who has a BMI of 26.2 can have more muscle and bone tissue than another person who has the same BMI.

Question 19

_____ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs.

A)Bariatric
B)Cellulite
C)Visceral
D)Subcutaneous

Question 20

_____ is the primary function of adipose cells.

A)Metabolizing glucose to generate heat
B)Storing triglycerides (fat)
C)Storing glycogen
D)Metabolizing amino acids to build muscle tissue

Question 21

Tamara is a 19-year-old female college student.Her percentage of body fat is 8%.Which of the following statements about Tamara is true?

A)Tamara's body has too much fat.
B)Tamara's percentage of body fat is acceptable,if her body water content is higher than average.
C)Tamara's percentage of body fat is too low.
D)Tamara is lean and has a healthy percentage of body fat for a young woman.

Question 22

Gloria's BMI is 32.4; her waist circumference is 38 inches and her hip circumference is 37 inches.According to this information,she

A)has a "pear-shaped" body.
B)consumes fewer kilocalories than she needs.
C)engages in too much physical activity.
D)is likely to have fertility problems.

Question 23

"Cellulite" is

A)a special type of muscle tissue that is stored in thighs and buttocks of women.
B)fat that can be removed by mechanical massage or melted by hot laser therapy.
C)visceral fat that has migrated from the abdomen to thighs and buttocks.
D)subcutaneous adipose tissue that gives skin a lumpy appearance.

Question 24

Obese women have a higher risk of developing _____ during pregnancy than pregnant women who are not obese.

A)maternal homocystinuria
B)gestational diabetes
C)cystic fibrosis
D)pernicious anemia

Question 25

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that water and electrolytes conduct electricity?

A)Bioelectrical impedance
B)Air displacement
C)Underwater weighing
D)Skinfold measurements

Question 26

Jillian is 3-months pregnant with her first child.Before she became pregnant,her BMI was 33.4.Based on this information,she has a high risk of developing

A)osteomalacia.
B)megaloblastic anemia.
C)gestational diabetes.
D)cystic fibrosis.

Question 27

Jared is an average,healthy 23-year-old.Based on this information,_____ of his body's total energy use is for basal metabolism.rev: 04_09_2013_QC_29214

A)10%
B)40%
C)70%
D)90%

Question 28

Tyrone's BMI is 27.2.Based on this information,his weight is in the _____ range.

A)underweight
B)healthy
C)extremely obese
D)overweight

Question 29

Ashley's BMI is 16.8.Based on this information,her weight is in the _____ range.

A)obese
B)healthy
C)underweight
D)overweight

Question 30

Eric's waist circumference is 42 inches.Based on this information,he has a high risk of

A)Addison's disease.
B)elevated HDL cholesterol.
C)low LDL cholesterol.
D)cardiovascular disease.

Question 31

Craig is a 22-year-old man who has a healthy percentage of body fat.Based on this information,about _____ of his body is fat.

A)35%
B)15%
C)45%
D)25%

Question 32

Tim's body is shaped like a pear,because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist.His body fat distribution is associated with

A)increased risk of osteoporosis,cystic fibrosis,and autoimmune diseases.
B)More nutrient deficiency diseases than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body.
C)increased risk of type 2 diabetes,hypertension,and heart disease.
D)fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body.

Question 33

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water?

A)Air displacement
B)Underwater weighing
C)Bioelectrical impedance
D)Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Question 34

Marcia's BMI is 24.2.Based on this information,her weight is in the _____ range.

A)underweight
B)extremely obese
C)overweight
D)healthy

Question 35

Macey's BMI is 30.2.Based on this information,her weight is in the _____ range.

A)underweight
B)overweight
C)healthy
D)obese

Question 36

Matt is having his body fat assessed by ____,a technique that requires a large device called the BOD POD.

A)air displacement
B)bioelectrical impedance
C)dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
D)skinfold measurements

Question 37

Jerad's BMI is 31.4.His waistline measures 42 inches,and his hip circumference measures 38 inches.Based on this information,he has

A)hypometabolic syndrome.
B)a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
C)a "pear-shaped" body.
D)"lower-body obesity."

Question 38

People with central-body obesity are more likely to develop _____ than people who do not have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies.

A)elevated HDL cholesterol
B)iron-deficiency anemia
C)beriberi
D)type 2 diabetes

Question 39

Marissa is in the 4th month of her first pregnancy.Although she has no major health problems,her pre-pregnancy BMI was 32.2.Based on this information,she has a high risk of developing

A)osteomalacia.
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)hypertension.
D)megaloblastic anemia.

Question 40

Which of the following measurement techniques is a convenient,practical,and inexpensive way to determine if a person has an unhealthy distribution of body fat?

A)Measuring the person's waist circumference
B)Using the underwater weighing technique
C)Weighing the person and then consulting a weight/height table
D)Using the BOD POD method

Question 41

Breathing,circulating blood,and thinking are _____ activities.

A)NEAT
B)TEF
C)physical
D)basal metabolic

Question 42

Which of the following statements is true?

A)As people grow older,their metabolic rates decline.
B)The aging process causes muscle cells to become fat cells.
C)An average woman has a higher metabolic rate than an average man.
D)Fat cells require more energy to function than muscle cells.

Question 43

Which of the following conditions increases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Consuming essential fatty acids
B)Producing milk to breastfeed a baby
C)Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone
D)Having a higher than normal level of cholescystokinin

Question 44

The _____ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.

A)thyroid
B)hypothalamus
C)adrenal
D)salivary

Question 45

Which of the following conditions increases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone
B)Consuming nucleic acids
C)Having a higher than normal level of ghrelin
D)Consuming caffeine

Question 46

Which of the following conditions decreases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Producing milk to breastfeed a baby
B)Having a fever
C)Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone
D)Consuming essential fatty acids

Question 47

Which of the following conditions decreases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Having a fever
B)Producing milk to breastfeed a baby
C)Consuming essential fatty acids
D)Losing muscle mass

Question 48

Which of the following conditions or situations increases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Short height
B)Aging
C)Starvation diet
D)Fever

Question 49

Which of the following conditions increases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone
B)Recovering from an exercise workout
C)Consuming essential fatty acids
D)Having a higher than normal level of cholescystokinin

Question 50

Which of the following conditions increases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone
B)Consuming essential fatty acids
C)Being pregnant
D)Having a higher than normal level of cholescystokinin

Question 51

Basal metabolism includes energy needs for

A)performing physical activity.
B)digesting food.
C)circulating blood.
D)shivering in cold conditions.

Question 52

Elsa is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 152 pounds.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

A)1056 kcal
B)1490 kcal
C)3282 kcal
D)2469 kcal

Question 53

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The average woman has a higher metabolic rate than the average man.
B)A young person's metabolic rate increases during periods of growth.
C)A person can dramatically increase his or her metabolic rate by eating a very-low-calorie diet.
D)Taking stimulant drugs,such as caffeine,decreases a person's metabolic rate.

Question 54

While in class,Barry can't seem to sit still.He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position.The energy Barry uses for these involuntary movements is classified as

A)basal metabolism.
B)NEAT.
C)TEF.
D)resting metabolism.

Question 55

While sitting at a desk,Lisa talks on her cell phone.Under these conditions,talking on a cell phone is a form of _____ activity.

A)TEF
B)nonexercise activity thermogenesis
C)basal metabolic
D)physical

Question 56

Which of the following activities is an aspect of basal metabolism?

A)Maintaining an upright posture
B)Digesting starches and sugars
C)Watching TV
D)Building bone tissue

Question 57

Basal metabolism includes energy needs for

A)performing physical activity.
B)breathing.
C)maintaining muscle tone.
D)digesting food.

Question 58

A person's _____ does not influence the amount of energy he or she uses while performing physical activity.

A)body weight
B)degree of effort
C)time spent in motion
D)ethnic ancestry

Question 59

Barry is a 25-year-old man who weighs 222 pounds.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is his estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

A)1056 kcal
B)3282 kcal
C)5328 kcal
D)2424 kcal

Question 60

Which of the following conditions decreases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Growing older
B)Producing milk to breastfeed a baby
C)Consuming essential fatty acids
D)Having a fever

Question 61

Rebecca's BMI is 26.3.According to her food records,she consumes an average of 2500 kcal/day.She would like to lose 10 pounds in 1 year by reducing her daily caloric intake.Based on this information,Rebecca should consume_____ kcal/day.

A)1650
B)2300
C)1300
D)2150

Question 62

Which of the following statements is true?

A)People with "thrifty" metabolisms burn more fat per hour than other people.
B)Fat cells produce leptin,a hormone that can reduce hunger.
C)Satiety is the feeling that drives a person to consume food.
D)Ghrelin is an enzyme that breaks down fat in the stomach.

Question 63

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds.The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to

A)increase her essential fatty acid intake.
B)increase her daily vitamin D intake.
C)decrease her usual daily energy intake.
D)decrease her physical activity.

Question 64

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production,release,or action of

A)ADH.
B)leptin.
C)ghrelin.
D)aldosterone.

Question 65

Chester's BMI is 35.3.According to his food records,he consumes an average of 3600 kcal/day.He would like to lose 10 pounds in 1 year by reducing his daily caloric intake.Based on this information,Chester should consume _____ kcal/day.

A)2600
B)3000
C)3400
D)1100

Question 66

Mandy is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 154 pounds.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

A)2469 kcal
B)1512 kcal
C)3326 kcal
D)4140 kcal

Question 67

Which of the following persons is in a state of negative energy balance?

A)A 23-year-old man who lifts weights every other day and has a BMI of 24.
B)A 22-year old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight.
C)A 29-year old woman who has maintained her weight for six months.
D)A 5-year-old girl who is healthy and physically active.

Question 68

Compared to other people,a person who has a "thrifty metabolism"

A)gains weight more easily.
B)loses excess food energy in the form of body heat.
C)metabolizes more glucose than fatty acids for energy.
D)burns three times more fat.

Question 69

Liam's BMI is 27.0.According to his food records,he consumes an average of 2600 kcal/day.He would like to lose 10 pounds in 1 year by reducing his daily caloric intake.Based on this information,Liam should consume _____ kcal/day.

A)2600
B)2700
C)2800
D)2400

Question 70

Erin is following a safe and medically sound weight loss program to lose 20 pounds.According to this information,her program

A)reduces her metabolic rate by 20%.
B)requires dietary supplements that contain vitamins,minerals,and ephedra.
C)includes regular physical activity.
D)limits her energy intake to no more than 800 kcal/day.

Question 71

Dennis wants to gain weight,primarily as lean tissue.In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly,he should

A)increase his protein intake to 60% of total energy intake,eat more complex carbohydrates,and take a multivitamin/multimineral supplement.
B)add nutrient-dense,healthy sources of energy to his diet,including fatty fish,whole-grain cereals,nuts,peanut butter,and olive oil.
C)avoid aerobic activities on the days he doesn't lift weights and eat about 50% of total calories from saturated fat.
D)supplement his diet with essential amino acids and limit his total fat intake to no more than 10% of total kilocalories

Question 72

A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal.

A)1500
B)2500
C)3500
D)4500

Question 73

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production,release,or action of

A)CCK.
B)ghrelin.
C)polyesterase.
D)aldosterone.

Question 74

Terry is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 132 pounds.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

A)1296 kcal
B)1056 kcal
C)2851 kcal
D)1440 kcal

Question 75

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production,release,or action of

A)salivary amylase.
B)ghrelin.
C)aldosterone.
D)peptide YY.

Question 76

_____ limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time.

A)Colonoscopy
B)Liposuction
C)Stomachectomy
D)Bariatric surgery

Question 77

Which of the following persons is in a state of positive energy balance?

A)A 29-year old woman who has maintained her weight for six months.
B)An 89-year-old man who spends most of his day in a wheelchair or bed.
C)A 25-year-old woman who is in her 6th month of pregnancy.
D)A 22-year old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight.

Question 78

George is a 5'8'',29-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds.To lose weight,he's tried calorie-restricted diets,fad diets,exercise programs,and appetite-suppressing pills without success.George wants to a permanent solution to treat his obesity.George's physician is likely to recommend ______ as the best way to help George lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it.

A)sleeve gastrectomy
B)anterior thyroidectomy
C)visceral lipectomy
D)frontal lobotomy

Question 79

Lester's BMI is 32.3.According to his food records,he consumes an average of 3600 kcal/day.He would like to lose 20 pounds in 1 year by reducing his daily caloric intake.Based on this information,Lester should consume _____ kcal/day.

A)1600
B)3200
C)2600
D)2200

Question 80

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to block the production,release,or action of

A)melatonin.
B)insulin.
C)ghrelin.
D)leptin.