Deck 9: Water and Minerals

Question 1

In the human body,water is involved in

A)providing energy to fuel cellular activity.
B)protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids from free radical damage.
C)transporting substances.
D)alcohol digestion.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Iron ions are crucial for maintaining cellular fluid balance.
B)Humans rely primarily on panting to dissipate excess body heat.
C)Human cells maintain proper hydration primarily by controlling ions in fluid compartments.
D)Most people can tolerate a fever of 108 to 110 ^$\circ$

Answer 2

Human cells maintain proper hydration primarily by controlling ions in fluid compartments.

Question 3

Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of _____ ions.

A)sodium
B)nitrogen
C)hydride
D)iodide

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Intracellular water

A)surrounds cells.
B)includes the plasma of blood.
C)is within cells.
D)normally contains high amounts of sodium.

Question 5

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's

A)temperature is too high.
B)blood glucose level rises too quickly.
C)metabolic rate is too slow.
D)calcium content increases.

Question 6

In the human body,water is involved in

A)providing energy for physical activities.
B)protecting DNA from oxidizing agents.
C)regulating body temperature.
D)making mineral nutrients.

Question 7

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients.One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 85 mg/day.How should she classify this particular mineral?

A)Major mineral
B)Trace mineral
C)Nonessential mineral
D)Possible essential mineral

Question 8

If extracellular water has an excess of sodium ions,

A)extracellular fluid moves into cells.
B)excess zinc and fluoride ions are eliminated in feces.
C)sodium ions move into cells.
D)cells lose intracellular fluid and shrink.

Question 9

Maintenance of normal intracellular fluid volume depends largely on the intracellular concentration of _____ ions.

A)oxygen
B)citrate
C)potassium
D)hydride

Question 10

Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of _____ ions.

A)sodium and chloride
B)nitrogen and potassium
C)iodide and sulfide
D)hydride and bromide

Question 11

Dehydration can cause

A)diabetes.
B)hypoglycemia.
C)death.
D)cirrhosis.

Question 12

Maintenance of normal intracellular fluid volume depends largely on the intracellular concentration of _____ ions.

A)sulfide and bromide
B)hydride and iodide
C)oxide and nitride
D)potassium and phosphate

Question 13

When the concentration of _____ in tissue fluid is too high,intracellular fluid moves into the extracellular compartment.

A)sodium ions
B)soluble fibers
C)immature osteoblasts
D)cesium particles

Question 14

Maris has a metabolic condition that upsets her body's hydration status.Her body has difficulty removing excess sodium ions from intracellular fluid.As a result of this condition,

A)she develops ketosis.
B)extracellular fluid moves into her cells,causing them to swell.
C)excess calcium and magnesium ions enter her bloodstream by osmosis.
D)her cells die from a lack of intracellular fluid.

Question 15

Extracellular water

A)is within the nucleus and DNA.
B)is within cells.
C)includes plasma and tissue fluid.
D)provides cellular energy.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about calcium is false?

A)The calcium in dairy products is well absorbed by the body.
B)Adolescents should consume adequate dairy products to build strong bones.
C)After bones are formed early in life,the body has no need for calcium.
D)A person's calcium intake early in life can affect his or her bone density later.

Question 17

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients.She knows the RDA/AI for each mineral,one of which has an AI of 30 mg/day.How should she classify this particular mineral?

A)Major mineral
B)Trace mineral
C)Nonessential mineral
D)Possible essential mineral

Question 18

Which of the following statements about bottled water in the United States is true?

A)Bottled water must be in sealed containers and have no added ingredients,except an agent that prevents the growth of microbes.
B)The production of bottled water must follow regulations established by the EPA and CDC.
C)Bottled water that has "artesian well" shown on its label as the water's source must be from fresh water lakes in Artesia.
D)The government requires manufacturers of bottled water to follow safety standards that are more strict than the standards for tap water from public water supplies.

Question 19

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients.One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 130 mg/day.How should she classify this particular mineral?

A)Major mineral
B)Trace mineral
C)Nonessential mineral
D)Possible essential mineral

Question 20

In the human body,water is involved in

A)storing wastes.
B)regulating energy metabolism.
C)protecting cell membranes from oxidants.
D)digesting foods.

Question 21

While Aaron was at a party,he drank too much alcohol.The following morning,he had a headache and his mouth felt very dry.Based on this information,Aaron was

A)suffering from ion overload syndrome,which often occurs after excess alcohol ingestion.
B)being affected by the dehydration that resulted from drinking alcohol.
C)displaying the typical signs and symptoms of alcohol spectrum disease.
D)experiencing the effects of delayed ethanol metabolism disorder.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Cells produce water as a by-product of metabolism.
B)In general,fruits and vegetables are less than 25% water by weight.
C)Most of the water that enters the digestive tract is excreted in feces.
D)Water and beverages comprise 100% of a person's total water intake.

Question 23

The RDA for iron is 8 mg and 18 mg,for young men and women,respectively.Based on this information,iron is a ____ mineral.

A)conditionally essential
B)major
C)trace
D)possible essential

Question 24

The body eliminates excess water through the

A)skin.
B)adrenal glands.
C)lymphatic system.
D)spleen.

Question 25

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?

A)Safflower oil
B)Crackers,saltine
C)Peach
D)Whole-wheat bread

Question 26

Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight?

A)Leaf lettuce
B)Corn oil
C)Whole-wheat bread
D)Apple with skin

Question 27

After running in a marathon race in July,Joshua felt weak and his body weight was about 3% less than before the race.Based on this information,Joshua was probably suffering from

A)dehydration.
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)brain cancer.
D)liver failure.

Question 28

Which of the following organs is not directly involved in maintaining the body's fluid balance?

A)Kidneys
B)Skin
C)Lungs
D)Thyroid gland

Question 29

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?

A)Avocado
B)Lettuce
C)Stick margarine
D)Baked white potato in skin

Question 30

The body constantly loses water through the skin as a result of _____ perspiration.

A)homeostatic
B)perceptible
C)insensible
D)hydrostatic

Question 31

The _____ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance.

A)ovaries
B)salivary glands
C)parathyroid glands
D)kidneys

Question 32

The body eliminates water through the

A)thyroid gland.
B)liver.
C)lymphatic system.
D)lungs.

Question 33

Which of the following compounds is a hormone that helps the body maintain fluid balance?

A)Insulin
B)Pepsin
C)Glucagon
D)Aldosterone

Question 34

According to Adequate Intake recommendations,the total water intake for healthy young adults is approximately _____ cups/day.

A)18 to 20.5
B)11 to 15.5
C)4 to 6.5
D)22 to 25.5

Question 35

Which of the following substances is a mild diuretic?

A)Phenylalanine
B)Calcium
C)Caffeine
D)Iron

Question 36

Which of the following substances is a diuretic?

A)Salt
B)Alcohol
C)Calcium
D)Iron

Question 37

In the summer,Ben often jogs during the middle of the day.When he exercises in these conditions,he sweats heavily.The recommended way for Ben to maintain his fluid balance is to

A)drink lite beer.
B)consume water.
C)rest and restrict fluid intake for three hours after exercising.
D)take sodium tablets.

Question 38

Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary

A)sodium elimination.
B)iron metabolism.
C)water conservation.
D)water excretion.

Question 39

Yesterday,Jenny ran in a marathon race.While she ran,she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course.At the end of the race,she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line.She was confused,and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy.Based on this information,Jenny was probably suffering from

A)water intoxication.
B)heat cramps.
C)kidney failure.
D)brain cancer.

Question 40

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?

A)Corn oil
B)Stick margarine
C)Whole-wheat bread
D)Leaf lettuce

Question 41

Mariyah loves leafy green salads,so which of the following items should she add to the salads to increase their calcium content?

A)Cooked chicken strips
B)Raw,shredded bok choy
C)Shredded red cabbage
D)Raw apple slices

Question 42

Which of the following foods is the richest source of bioavailable calcium per one cup serving?

A)Spinach
B)Plain yogurt
C)Cottage cheese
D)Tomato juice

Question 43

Which of the following nutrients is a major mineral?

A)Potassium
B)Iodine
C)Zinc
D)Iron

Question 44

Constance is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots,beans,water,salt,pepper,bits of ham,and onions.The soup has to cook for 4 hours.While the soup is cooking,what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients?

A)The relatively high temperature that is needed to cook the soup will destroy the iron,phosphorus,and sulfur in the vegetables.
B)Cooking the soup's ingredients for this extensive amount of time will enable the minerals to become antioxidants.
C)The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water,becoming part of the soup in the process.
D)The minerals will leach out of the ham and vegetables and lose their natural bioavailability.

Question 45

Jade is concerned about her risk of osteoporosis.To help reduce her risk of this condition,Jade should

A)consume more iron-rich foods.
B)avoid smoking cigarettes.
C)avoid foods such as kale and frozen yogurt.
D)reduce her physical activity level.

Question 46

Paul wants to maintain his bone mass.To help him achieve this goal,which of the following activities would be the best for him to perform?

A)Cycling on a stationary bike for 45 minutes daily
B)Swimming 15 laps every other day
C)Stretching hamstrings for 15 minutes daily
D)Playing basketball with friends for 45 minutes,every other day

Question 47

Before Alonzo prepares potatoes for dinner,he takes them out of the refrigerator and allows them to sit by a sunny window for about 30 minutes.To prepare them,he peels the potatoes,cuts them into small pieces,and boils them in water.Which of his actions can lead to losses of minerals from the vegetable?

A)Exposing the potatoes to sunlight
B)Cooking the potatoes at high temperatures
C)Storing the potatoes in the refrigerator
D)Using excess water to cook the potatoes

Question 48

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life.
B)Loss of height is a sign of osteoporosis.
C)Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis after menopause.
D)People with African ancestry have a higher risk of osteoporosis than people with Asian or white ancestry.

Question 49

Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral?

A)Copper
B)Calcium
C)Magnesium
D)Sulfur

Question 50

Derek's diet contains high amounts of _____,which is classified as a major mineral.

A)iodine
B)phosphorus
C)lithium
D)iron

Question 51

Monique would like to perform exercises that increase her bone mass.To help achieve this goal,which of the following activities would be the best for her to perform?

A)Yoga
B)Walking
C)Swimming
D)Cycling

Question 52

Foster consumes about 350 g of protein daily,mostly in the form of meat and amino acid supplements.He does not use vitamin/mineral supplements,and he eats very few fruits,vegetables,dairy products,and grains.Based on this information,Foster's diet lacks

A)iron.
B)zinc.
C)calcium.
D)potassium.

Question 53

Samantha is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots,beans,water,salt,pepper,bits of ham,and onions.The soup has to cook for 4 hours.While the soup is cooking,what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients?

A)The minerals will denature and become less bioavailable.
B)The relatively high temperature that is needed to cook the soup will destroy the iron,phosphorus,and sulfur in the vegetables.
C)The minerals will leach out of the ham and vegetables and into the watery portion of the soup.
D)Unless Samantha places a cover on the soup pot,the minerals will decompose when exposed to light and oxygen.

Question 54

Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral?

A)Potassium
B)Phosphorus
C)Zinc
D)Calcium

Question 55

Which of the following foods supplies the most bioavailable calcium per 1 cup serving?

A)Spinach
B)Cottage cheese
C)Fat-free milk
D)Ice cream

Question 56

Christine loves to eat canned salmon and sardines.These fish are good sources of

A)folate.
B)calcium.
C)magnesium.
D)vitamin

Question 57

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life.
B)Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause.
C)Loss of height is a sign of osteoporosis.
D)Estrogen and testosterone are needed for good bone health.

Question 58

Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction?

A)Selenium
B)Cesium
C)Calcium
D)Aluminum

Question 59

Lydia's diet lacks _____,which is classified as a major mineral.

A)iron
B)calcium
C)iodine
D)selenium

Question 60

Which of the following foods is not a good source of calcium?

A)Fried chicken
B)Raw kale
C)Fat-free yogurt
D)Canned sardines

Question 61

Parathyroid hormone

A)increases the body's rate of potassium excretion.
B)enhances the body's ability to retain calcium.
C)signals osteoblasts to release calcium from bones.
D)enables glucose to enter cells.

Question 62

Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance?

A)Potassium
B)Fluoride
C)Iron
D)Copper

Question 63

Mary is a 58-year-old woman who is past menopause.In the past three years,she lost 2 inches in height and broke her wrist.Based on this information,Mary's physician should test her for

A)osteocarcinoma.
B)osteomalacia.
C)osteoporosis.
D)osteoarthritis.

Question 64

Young women who _____ have higher risk of developing osteoporosis than young women who do not have this characteristic.

A)have African-American ancestry
B)smoke cigarettes
C)consume kale,spinach,and yogurt
D)exercise for 30 minutes each day

Question 65

Which of the following hormones is needed for normal bone development and maintenance?

A)Glucagon
B)Estrogen
C)Insulin
D)Oxytocin

Question 66

Pickled foods,canned soups,soy sauce,and deli (luncheon)meats contain high amounts of

A)magnesium.
B)sodium.
C)selenium.
D)potassium.

Question 67

Which of the following blood pressure values is normal?

A)80/120 mm Hg
B)70/120 mm Hg
C)142/65 mm Hg
D)114/70 mm Hg

Question 68

Calcitonin

A)enhances bone tissue loss.
B)increases the body's rate of potassium excretion.
C)signals osteoblasts to remove excess calcium from blood.
D)enables glucose to enter cells.

Question 69

Which of the following statements is true?

A)"Deli" meats,such as bologna and ham,are rich sources of potassium and poor sources of sodium.
B)A blood pressure reading of 165/90 mm Hg is within the normal range.
C)Approximately one-third of adult Americans have hypertension.
D)It is safe to take large doses of potassium supplements,because the mineral is non-toxic.

Question 70

Lola doesn't like to cook,so she eats fast food at least three times a week.When she doesn't eat fast food,she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich.For snacks,she prefers processed cheese cubes,potato chips,and pretzels.Based on this information,her diet is very high in

A)potassium.
B)vitamin
C)sodium.
D)beta-carotene.

Question 71

Which of the following foods is a good source of potassium?

A)Ground beef
B)Corn oil
C)Canned tomato soup
D)Papaya

Question 72

The most bioavailable and safest sources of calcium are

A)dietary supplements that contain calcium and zinc.
B)spinach and broccoli.
C)meat,fish,and poultry.
D)dairy products.

Question 73

Which of the following individuals is most likely to develop osteoporosis?

A)A sedentary white male college student who smokes cigarettes.
B)A 30-year-old overweight Hispanic man who plays basketball 5 days a week.
C)A tall 35-year-old African-American woman who consumes 3 cups of dairy products daily.
D)A 25-year-old white woman who exposes her skin to sunlight every day for at least 30 minutes.

Question 74

In general,fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of

A)zinc.
B)iron.
C)potassium.
D)calcium.

Question 75

Osteoporosis is characterized by

A)loss of bone mass and structure.
B)keratinization and death of epithelial cells.
C)defective collagen production.
D)immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin.

Question 76

When Benson had his blood pressure tested,it was normal.Based on this information,what was his blood pressure?

A)70/120 mm Hg
B)118/69 mm Hg
C)80/120 mm Hg
D)145/60 mm Hg

Question 77

Which of the following foods is low in sodium and high in potassium?

A)Dill pickles
B)Orange juice
C)Soy sauce
D)Canned soup

Question 78

Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest risk of hypertension?

A)Asian Americans
B)Native Americans
C)African Americans
D)Non-Hispanic white Americans

Question 79

Which of the following disorders is associated with high sodium intakes?

A)diabetes
B)hypertension
C)fluorosis
D)osteomalacia

Question 80

Weight-bearing exercises can

A)increase the body's metabolism of zinc and sulfur.
B)delay the development of diverticulosis.
C)reduce the body's need for vitamin C and iron.
D)strengthen bones.