Deck 16: Reducing Your Risk of Cancer

Question 1

The most prevalent form of skin cancer is:

A)basal cell
B)melanoma
C)squamous cell
D)epithelial cell

Answer 1

basal cell

Question 2

According to 2012 estimates, more new cases of ________ cancer will be diagnosed in women; however, ________ cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women.

A)lung; breast
B)colon; ovarian
C)breast; lung
D)ovarian; cervical

Answer 2

breast; lung

Question 3

In 2012 it was estimated that almost _______ women would be diagnosed with cancer and of those, ________________ would die from the disease

A)200,00; 100,000
B)325,000; 155,000
C)790,000; 275,000
D)one million; 350,000

Answer 3

790,000; 275,000

Question 4

What percentage of women can expect to have cancer in her lifetime?

A)25
B)50
C)33
D)75

Question 5

All of the following have been identified as causes of cancer except:

A)preservatives
B)ultraviolet rays
C)carcinogenic chemicals
D)trans fat

Question 6

The most common type of cancer found in the U.S:

A)carcinoma
B)sarcoma
C)lymphoma
D)leukemia

Question 7

Of the following causes of cancers, which one is the most significant risk factor? (more likely to cause cancer)

A)viruses
B)growing older
C)diet
D)hormone replacement therapy

Question 8

In the TNM cancer staging system, M stands for:

A)method of treatment
B)mode of transmission
C)metric size of tumor
D)metastasis

Question 9

The leading cause of cancer deaths in African American women is:

A)breast cancer
B)lung cancer
C)colon cancer
D)uterine cancer

Question 10

Composed of cells that are encapsulated, _______ tumors do not spread or invade other tissues, whereas, _________ tumors are cancerous, abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably, penetrate, and destroy normal cells.

A)epithelial; ovarian
B)malignant; benign
C)benign; malignant
D)leukemia; sarcoma

Question 11

Cancers that begin in the connective tissues of the body are which type of cancer?

A)carcinoma
B)sarcoma
C)lymphoma
D)leukemia

Question 12

Tumors that are localized and in their early stages are considered to be ______

A)in situ
B)invasive
C)metastasized
D)restricted

Question 13

By transplanting ________, patients are better able to receive and tolerate high doses of chemotherapy, radiation or both.

A)red cells
B)epithelial cells
C)white cells
D)stem cells

Question 14

Sources of UV rays can cause basal cell, squamous cell or melanoma cancers.Which of the following is not a source of UVA or UVB:

A)midday sun
B)sun lamps
C)tanning beds
D)morning sun

Question 15

All of the following are risk factors for ovarian cancer except:

A)family history of ovarian cancer
B)age over 50
C)pesticides
D)breast cancer

Question 16

All the following are risk factors for cervical cancer except:

A)first intercourse at an early age
B)hypertension
C)cigarette smoking
D)multiple sex partners

Question 17

Hormone replacement therapy increases the risk of all except:

A)breast cancer
B)stroke
C)endometrial cancer
D)heart attacks

Question 18

This ethnic group has the highest reported rates of cancer in women is ________; secondly are ___________ women.

A)Alaska-Native; Caucasian
B)Caucasian; Hispanic
C)African American; Caucasian
D)Hispanic/Latino; Alaska-Native

Question 19

Mrs.Sanderson was diagnosed with Stage IV cancer.What does this indicate in relation to her cancer?

A)Her cancer has spread to another organ.
B)Her cancer has spread to lymph nodes.
C)She has carcinoma in situ
D)She is in the earliest and most curable stage of cancer.

Question 20

What percentage of lung cancers are associated with cigarette smoking?

A)55
B)68
C)78
D)87

Question 21

Fruits and vegetables are protective factors for preventing some types of cancer.

Question 22

Women who were using Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) for longer than 10 years have twice the rate of ovarian cancer than women who are not using ERT.

Question 23

Approximately one third of all cancers are related to diet.

Question 24

People of all ages can develop cancer, however, most cancers occur in people past 75 years of age.

Question 25

Complementary and alternative treatments include all but one of the following therapies.Which is it?

A)Acupuncture and acupressure
B)Medical Doctor and oncologist
C)Diet and Food remedies
D)Spiritual and Meditation

Question 26

Lung cancer death rates in women have been decreasing since 1980.

Question 27

Cancer deaths are age-related.

Question 28

Most tumors are malignant.

Question 29

In treatment for breast cancer, drug therapy is proving to help reduce the reoccurrence of breast cancer.Which drug treatment(s) is/are not used?

A)Tamoxifen
B)Femara
C)Aromatase inhibitors
D)Jejutsu

Question 30

Recommended by the American Cancer Society, the ______ method is used to detect signs of melanoma.

A)ABCD
B)CaMe
C)CAUTION
D)STOP

Question 31

The most common uterine cancer is:

A)endometrial cancer
B)cervical cancer
C)squamous cell carcinoma
D)uterine sarcoma

Question 32

Sarah had symptoms of vaginal bleeding and spotting in addition to pelvic pain and weight loss.After examination, her health care provider discovered a mass in her pelvis.Sarah was diagnosed with ________ cancer.

A)ovarian
B)vaginal
C)bladder
D)endometrial

Question 33

The rate of ovarian cancer in the United States is:

A)relatively stable
B)decreasing
C)increasing slowly
D)increasing dramatically

Question 34

Screening for cervical cancer should begin about three years after __________ ____________, but no later than 21 years of age.

A)Onset of adolescence
B)Onset of menstruation
C)First vaginal intercourse
D)Marriage

Question 35

Grace has battled ovarian cancer that had metastasized; she lived past the 5-year survival rate.She has a ____ chance of beating the disease.

A)25%
B)35%
C)45%
D)55%

Question 36

Heavy alcohol consumption is positively associated with reproductive cancers.

Question 37

The world's largest consumer of tobacco is ________.

A)United States
B)Russia
C)China
D)India

Question 38

The leading risk factor for breast cancer is:

A)growing older
B)alcohol abuse
C)obesity
D)trauma to a breast

Question 39

African American women have the highest rates of breast cancer.

Question 40

The best method for detecting breast cancer is:

A)blood test
B)mammography
C)self-examination
D)periodic clinical examinations

Question 41

Ionizing radiation such as X-ray procedures in very low doses are related to increased risk of developing leukemia and cancers of the breast, thyroid, lung, stomach, and other organs.

Question 42

African American women have a lower prevalence of breast cancer than white women.

Question 43

Studies have shown that high cumulative exposure to estrogen increases the risk of endometrial cancers.

Question 44

Research reveals that use of aromatase inhibitors (AI) have an advantage over the drug Tamoxifen in treating breast cancer.

Question 45

Biopsy is the only method to determine if cancer cells are present.

Question 46

Exposure to radon can increase a woman's risk of cancer.

Question 47

Family history accounts for 85 % of all breast cancer rates.

Question 48

Stem cells may be retrieved from the patient prior to treatment or harvested from another person.

Question 49

Describe the purpose of the TMN Staging and explain the meaning of TMN and sub stages of each.

Question 50

Studies show that exercise reduces the risk of breast cancer.

Question 51

Breast implants are a major risk factor in the development of breast cancer.

Question 52

Antiperspirants have been shown to increase the risk for breast cancer.

Question 53

Breast cancer surpassed lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer death in women in 1987.

Question 54

Melanoma is the most curable form of skin cancer.

Question 55

The TRAM flap, the most common choice for breast reconstruction, procedure takes tissue from your abdomen and slides the tissue up a tunnel under the skin to the breast area.

Question 56

Name and describe four Complementary and Alternative treatments for cancer.

Question 57

Both hypertension and ovarian cancer are called the "silent" killer.

Question 58

Match the risk factors listed below with the type of cancer they can cause.

Question 59

Complementary cancer treatments for women include mind-body treatments, which includes use of herbs and aromatherapy.

Question 60

Lumpectomy is the most common surgery for breast cancer.

Question 64

Explain the difference between carcinoma and sarcoma.

Question 65

Discuss the reasoning behind having an elective mastectomy and contrast the benefits verses the potential consequences of this radical procedure.

Question 66

Discuss the "war on cancer".Has it been won? Why or why not?

Question 67

List and explain 10 protective factors that aid in preventing cancer.