Deck 29: War Abroad

Question 1

Who advised young people to "turn on, tune in, drop out"?

A) Mario Savio
B) Barry Goldwater
C) Timothy Leary
D) Clark Kerr

Answer 1

Timothy Leary

Question 2

For the sixties generation, the gathering at Woodstock was __________.

A) the peak of the counterculture
B) representative of most young Americans
C) proof that drugs were not necessary to have a good time
D) evidence that their parents' generation shared their opposition to the war

Answer 2

the peak of the counterculture

Question 3

The first major urban uprising that erupted during the "long, hot summers" of the mid-1960s took place in __________.

A) San Francisco
B) Watts
C) Newark
D) Detroit

Answer 3

Watts

Question 4

The Free Speech Movement that marked the beginning of the youth protest movement took place at __________.

A) the University of Michigan
B) the University of California at Berkeley
C) Kent State University
D) Jackson State University

Question 5

The reforming vision of participatory democracy that JOIN and the SDS formulated in the early 1960s eroded as Americans became divided over __________.

A) the Vietnam War
B) Supreme Court civil rights rulings
C) a severe recession
D) domestic politics

Question 6

Upon their return to the United States, veterans __________.

A) faced the traumas of a divided society
B) received "welcome home" ticker tape parades
C) were quickly reintegrated into society
D) benefited from a strong economy offering good jobs

Question 7

The student group called JOIN in Uptown Chicago wanted to mobilize the community to __________.

A) demand an end to poverty and build a decent social order
B) create small self-sufficient communities within the larger city
C) demonstrate against the 1968 Democratic Convention
D) extend the civil rights movement to the North

Question 8

Which of these was most likely to avoid service in Vietnam?

A) high school dropout
B) working-class Latino
C) working-class black
D) college student

Question 9

The 1967 "Summer of Love" was centered in the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood in __________.

A) San Francisco
B) New York City
C) Boston
D) Los Angeles

Question 10

The biggest weakness of Johnson's Great Society was that __________.

A) too little funding went to the neediest poor
B) centrally planned programs like Head Start were mismanaged
C) it diverted funds from fighting the Vietnam War
D) Johnson himself was only lukewarm in his support for it

Question 11

What was the consequence of the free speech movement?

A) Students moved away from the arts into the practical sciences.
B) Students dropped out of school in greater numbers.
C) Students increasingly turned to illegal drugs.
D) Students demanded more say in their own education.

Question 12

Which of these was a likely experience for a U.S. soldier in Vietnam?

A) Vietnamese civilians saw American soldiers as their saviors.
B) Soldiers participated in large-scale battles against conventional armies.
C) Veterans received a hero's welcome home.
D) Vietnamese civilians resented and attacked American soldiers.

Question 13

Why did student protests against the Vietnam War turn violent?

A) Peaceful protest had not worked to change government policy.
B) Students were high on drugs and out of control.
C) President Johnson sent in the National Guard.
D) University officials cracked down on protestors.

Question 14

After a string of campus protests in the 1960s, most large universities relinquished __________.

A) control over student grades and on-campus conduct
B) their role as surrogate parents for students
C) their right to determine curriculum and graduation requirements
D) control over students' personal and academic information

Question 15

According to the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders report, the mid-60s urban riots __________.

A) had no rational explanation
B) were responses to white racism and police brutality
C) showed that the Great Society programs were working
D) proved that poor people were getting what they deserved

Question 16

What event prompted President Johnson to appeal to Congress to pass the Gulf of Tonkin resolution?

A) the suicide bombing at the U.S. military base at Pleiku
B) alleged attacks against U.S. destroyers by North Vietnamese patrol boats
C) the surprise attack launched by North Vietnam and the Vietcong on Tet, the Vietnamese lunar New Year holiday
D) the search-and-destroy mission by American troops that resulted in the My Lai Massacre

Question 17

The average age of an American soldier in Vietnam was __________.

A) 19
B) 20
C) 21
D) 22

Question 18

President Johnson called for restraint in Vietnam in 1964 because __________.

A) he did not want it to become an issue in the upcoming election
B) he was seeking peace with honor in Vietnam
C) the war had already become highly unpopular
D) Johnson understood the political price Eisenhower paid over losing China

Question 19

One unforeseen consequence of urban redevelopment programs is that they often __________.

A) displaced rather than helped poor people of color
B) left inner cities with few minority residents
C) worked so well that program money could not all be spent
D) sparked violent white backlash

Question 20

Operation Rolling Thunder was an attempt by Johnson to __________.

A) bombard North Vietnam from ships in the Gulf of Tonkin
B) use air power to avoid sending in ground forces and to exhaust North Vietnamese resources
C) contain the political damage resulting from Vietnam
D) keep Cambodia from supplying the North Vietnamese

Question 21

In the election of 1968, Nixon appealed for support from __________.

A) the silent majority of nonprotesters
B) all people of color
C) the young and critics of the Vietnam War
D) the New Deal coalition

Question 22

In 1969, hoping to deliver a "knockout blow" to the North Vietnamese, President Nixon __________.

A) ordered the bombing and invasion of Cambodia
B) launched the Tet Offensive
C) announced a cease-fire in Laos and Cambodia
D) began Operation Rolling Thunder

Question 23

The Black Panthers, Brown Berets, and AIM all shared the common goal of organizing __________.

A) for self-defense against police harassment and brutality
B) to help keep their young out of the Vietnam War
C) as conventional political parties
D) under the Community Action Program of the Great Society

Question 24

The killing of four antiwar student demonstrators at Kent State University was initiated by __________.

A) the Ohio National Guard
B) 200 construction workers
C) college students supporting the Vietnam War
D) agents hired by CREEP

Question 25

One of the ironies of the feminist movement was that it __________.

A) alienated many black and Latina women
B) led politicians to see the Equal Rights Amendment as unnecessary
C) proved unpopular among white middle-class women
D) undermined support for gay rights

Question 26

The Trail of Broken Treaties caravan was part of the drive for equal rights by __________.

A) women
B) African Americans
C) Native Americans
D) gays and lesbians

Question 27

In August 1968, "the whole world" was watching __________.

A) violence and disorder at the Chicago Democratic National Convention
B) race riots in Detroit and Newark
C) the rise of Black Power
D) the power of the New Woman

Question 28

The Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP) was formed to promote the campaign of __________.

A) Lyndon Johnson
B) Richard Nixon
C) John F. Kennedy
D) Dwight D. Eisenhower

Question 29

In 1972, a CIA-backed coup overthrew President Salvador Allende in __________.

A) Israel
B) Chile
C) the Philippines
D) Nicaragua

Question 30

As a result of Martin Luther King's assassination, __________.

A) whites and blacks were motivated to work together
B) Johnson won reelection by embracing King as a martyr
C) southern congressmen listened more sympathetically to their black constituents
D) King's vision of the nation as a "Beloved Community" died with him

Question 31

By the time of his death in 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. had __________.

A) called for a crusade against communism
B) abandoned his nonviolent philosophy
C) openly opposed the Vietnam War
D) lost hope to bring about change

Question 32

"Ping-Pong diplomacy" symbolized the dramatic changes Nixon made in U.S. policy toward __________.

A) North Vietnam
B) the Soviet Union
C) Cambodia
D) the People's Republic of China

Question 33

A presidential commission characterized the violence in Chicago near the 1968 Democratic Party convention hall as __________.

A) a police riot
B) an unforeseen tragedy
C) a national disaster
D) a pot-smoking hippie plot

Question 34

The Stonewall Inn riot was a key event in the movement for the rights of __________.

A) gays and lesbians
B) Asian Americans
C) women
D) Mexican Americans

Question 35

Imamu Amiri Baraka, Muhammad Ali, and Kwame Touré were __________.

A) Vietcong leaders
B) African American activists and artists who rejected their "slave names"
C) gay rights activists arrested at the Stonewall Inn
D) founders of NOW

Question 36

The CREEP-hired team that broke into the Democratic Party headquarters was trying to __________.

A) install listening devices
B) steal illegal cash campaign contributions
C) locate documents on the background of Democratic nominee George McGovern
D) plug campaign secret leaks

Question 37

Johnson's strategy in Vietnam was to __________.

A) win the hearts and minds of the North Vietnamese people by peaceful means
B) defeat the Communists with overwhelming military power
C) negotiate a settlement reflecting the Vietnamese people's desires
D) seek peace with honor as quickly as possible

Question 38

Which 1968 presidential candidate was so popular on campuses that his campaign was called the "children's crusade"?

A) Hubert Humphrey
B) Eugene McCarthy
C) Richard Nixon
D) George C. Wallace

Question 39

The Black Panthers were originally organized to __________.

A) spread a message of reconciliation and forgiveness
B) demand "land, bread, housing, education, clothing, and justice"
C) conduct terrorist attacks on southern government targets
D) assist the police to control crime in impoverished neighborhoods

Question 40

The most dramatic and highly publicized foreign policy move of the Nixon presidency involved __________.

A) negotiating an Arab-Israeli peace accord
B) reopening diplomatic relations with Cuba
C) his visit to the People's Republic of China
D) signing a comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty with the Soviets

Question 41

Which of these describes the congressional response to the Gulf of Tonkin resolution?

A) It was supported by Democrats but opposed by Republicans.
B) It was viewed with suspicion by both house of Congress.
C) It received nearly unanimous support in both the House and Senate.
D) It received strong support in the House but was passed with a razor thin majority in the Senate.

Question 42

What was the purpose of the Gulf of Tonkin resolution passed by Congress in 1964?

A) to give President Johnson the authority "to take all necessary measures" to defend U.S. armed forces and "to prevent further aggression" in Vietnam
B) to provide military assistance to French allies as they tried to fight Communism in their colony of Vietnam
C) to pressure President Johnson to act with restraint in his war policies dealing with Vietnam
D) to show approval of President Johnson's request to organize a CIA-led covert coup against the government in South Vietnam

Question 43

Why did the quality of life for urban minorities decline during the sixties and seventies?

Question 44

The Great Society program VISTA was __________.

A) rife with corruption and waste
B) a kind of domestic Peace Corps
C) an effort to give poor people control over their own communities
D) easily the most successful of Johnson's initiatives

Question 45

By 1967, how did television coverage of the war in Vietnam influence the American public's opinion about this conflict?

A) Scenes of human suffering and devastation convinced the public that the Johnson administration's moral justification of U.S. involvement in Vietnam as a defense of freedom and democracy was no longer true.
B) Americans were angered at the Communist victories of the North Vietnamese troops and Vietcong guerrillas and this led them to support the war as a struggle to defeat Communism.
C) Americans continued to put their trust in President Johnson and were convinced that the end of the war was in sight.
D) Network news largely ignored the conflict in Vietnam, so the American public was unaware of what was taking place there.

Question 46

Why was Nixon's decision to invade Cambodia controversial?

A) Nixon did not seek congressional approval for his actions.
B) Few of his advisors thought it would succeed.
C) It divided both supporters and opponents of the Vietnam War.
D) Nixon had promised not to invade Cambodia during the 1968 campaign.

Question 47

Why did the Johnson administration decide to escalate the war in Vietnam? What were the consequences of this decision?

Question 48

Which agency created through the Great Society coordinated a network of community-based programs, such as the Job Corps and the Neighborhood Youth Corps, to help the poor help themselves by providing opportunities for education and employment?

A) VISTA
B) the Community Action Program
C) Head Start
D) the Office of Economic Opportunity

Question 49

Why were women from minority groups reluctant to participate in the new women's liberation movement?

Question 50

In the spring of 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. was shot in __________.

A) Detroit, Michigan
B) the Watts section of Los Angeles, California
C) Washington, D.C.
D) Memphis, Tennessee

Question 51

During the Vietnam War, "fragging" was when American soldiers __________.

A) intentionally killed or wounded reckless commanding officers
B) smoked marijuana and did drugs while on reconnaissance missions
C) fell victim to guerrilla booby traps
D) joined in antiwar demonstrations

Question 52

The Tet Offensive targeted __________.

A) the South's agricultural regions
B) cities within the United States
C) South Vietnamese cities
D) U.S. air bases

Question 53

Who called on African Americans "to assert their own definitions, to reclaim their history, their culture; to create their own sense of community and togetherness"?

A) Muhammad Ali
B) Stokely Carmichael
C) Martin Luther King Jr.
D) Jesse Jackson

Question 54

Which of the following best characterizes Lyndon Johnson's rhetoric and action regarding Vietnam?

A) He called for restraint in Vietnam on the campaign trail but had already started escalating U.S. involvement in this part of the world.
B) Having taken little action in Vietnam as president, during the campaign, Johnson called for greater numbers of U.S. troops there.
C) Johnson believed that his policies were already containing Communism in Vietnam, so he promised the voting public that he would withdraw U.S. troops from that part of the world.
D) During the campaign, Johnson spoke openly and honestly to the public about the war strategies that he had already implemented in Vietnam.

Question 55

Betty Friedan's best-selling Feminine Mystique sparked the formation of __________.

A) NOW
B) LULAC
C) SNCC
D) SDS

Question 56

What country did President Kennedy call "the cornerstone of the Free World in Southeast Asia"?

A) Laos
B) Cambodia
C) Thailand
D) Vietnam

Question 57

Why did Lyndon Johnson fail to build public consent for the actions he took during the Vietnam War?

A) He refused to announce his decisions and the rationales behind the escalation of the war to the American public.
B) He met secretly with North Vietnamese Communist leader Ho Chi Minh to negotiate a settled peace agreement.
C) He defied congressional authority and sent in greater numbers of U.S. troops to South Vietnam.
D) He offended many of his supporters by boasting that, as the strongest military power in the world, the United States could crush a Communist rebellion in a "pissant" country of peasants.

Question 58

What was the key strategy behind Operation Rolling Thunder?

A) to gradually intensify air attacks against North Vietnam
B) to begin bombing of Vietcong forces in South Vietnam and neighboring countries
C) to launch a covert CIA-operated coup to overthrow the corrupt government in South Vietnam
D) to begin a gradual withdrawal of U.S. troops from the conflict in Vietnam

Question 59

What "dirty tricks" did the Nixon campaign use in the 1972 election? How did the campaign benefit from these tactics? How did they ultimately bring down Nixon's presidency?

Question 60

Why did the Democrats find it so difficult to achieve consensus around a single candidate in 1968?

Question 61

What was one effect of the 1967 "Summer of Love" that took place in San Francisco as part of the counterculture movement?

A) Young adults returned to their homes bringing a new hippie lifestyle characterized by long hair on men, new clothing styles, drug use, and sexual experimentation.
B) Many of the young men who participated in this phenomenon responded to the Selective Service Act at the end of the summer and reported for duty in Vietnam.
C) Young adults felt obligated to volunteer for service after their experiences in San Francisco and joined the Peace Corps.
D) Young adults followed up on this experience the next year with a Freedom Summer, when they conducted large voter registration drives in the South aimed at increasing the number of African American voters.

Question 62

What factors made it possible for Lyndon Johnson to push his Great Society agenda through Congress?

A) the momentum of the civil rights movement and Democratic control of Congress
B) a national patriotic movement inspired by the Vietnam War and a public desire to support Johnson after Kennedy's assassination
C) the growing youth movement inspired by Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and Cold War politics
D) harsh memories of the Great Depression among the older generation of Americans and the upswing in urban riots

Question 63

Why did most Great Society programs fail to meet Johnson's expectations and have limited success at best?

A) The president could not simultaneously sustain the welfare programs of the Great Society and fight a lengthy and expensive war in Vietnam.
B) Too many members in Congress believed that most Great Society programs were too socialistic in nature and refused to pass much of the legislation associated with them.
C) Many welfare recipients covered by the Great Society were reluctant to accept government help, considering it to be charity.
D) The government spent too much money putting down the series of urban riots that were simultaneously taking place while it was trying to fund the Great Society.

Question 64

How did the Brown Berets of the Chicano movement and young militants in the American Indian Movement (AIM) model their organizations on the work of the Black Panthers?

A) Both organizations were initially formed to monitor law enforcement practices in their communities.
B) Both organizations implemented a "powwow circuit" to publicize news of protest and educational activities taking place around the nation.
C) Both organizations adopted the "blow out" to encourage Mexican American and American Indian students to walk out of their schools to demand greater educational opportunities.
D) Both organizations used boycotts to economically hurt businesses that would not hire members of their own ethnic groups.

Question 65

After taking over the SNCC, how did activist Stokely Carmichael's goals of Black Power, which became the foundation of this organization, differ from Martin Luther King Jr.'s initial goals in the struggle for civil rights?

A) Younger African American activists spurned the civil disobedience called for by King in favor of direct action and militant self-defense.
B) The SNCC and other organizations associated with Black Power began a more inclusive movement for civil rights, incorporating a greater number of white activists than what King had done earlier in the 1960s.
C) Black Power activists abandoned the paramilitary style of protest and defense that King and his followers had used in the initial years of the Movement.
D) Black Power focused less on African American cultural nationalism and history than King's earlier movement.

Question 66

What did American students belonging to various Asian communities, including those of Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino ethnicity, do for the first time during the 1960s?

A) They began to identify themselves collectively as Asian Americans.
B) They launched violent demonstrations against local communities that participated in and supported the Japanese American internments during World War II.
C) Unlike most other young Americans, they supported America's role in the Vietnam War and protested those who opposed this conflict.
D) They occupied federal property in protest of the government's discriminatory practices against Asian Americans.

Question 67

Why were large numbers of American soldiers who fought in Vietnam working-class young men from African American or Latino backgrounds?

A) Army recruiters induced minorities from poor communities with promises of vocational training and upward social mobility.
B) Many minority inductees were successful high school or college graduates whose professional skills were needed to support ground troops in Vietnam.
C) African Americans and Latinos believed that fighting in Vietnam would demonstrate to the public that their ethnic groups were just as patriotic as mainstream white Americans.
D) African American and Latino soldiers were put into a separate draft lottery.

Question 68

During the "long, hot summers" of 1964-1968, more than __________ urban uprisings rocked America's cities.

A) 100
B) 500
C) 10
D) 250

Question 69

What was one major difference between the American soldiers who fought in the Vietnam War and those soldiers who fought in World War II?

A) The average age of soldiers in Vietnam was 19, while the average age of soldiers who fought in World War II was 26.
B) Most soldiers who fought in Vietnam volunteered for military duty, while soldiers who fought in World War II were drafted through the Selective Service Act.
C) Most of the soldiers who fought in Vietnam either had a college degree or were attending college at the time they joined the military.
D) Soldiers who returned from Vietnam were treated as even greater heroes than the soldiers who fought in World War II.

Question 70

What was one major shortcoming of the women's liberation movement in the 1960s and 1970s?

A) Most of the activists were white middle-class women whose appeal to sisterhood failed to unite women across race, class, or sexual orientation.
B) Many activists were flamboyant women who enjoyed the media attention given to the audacious acts they committed in public in support of women's liberation.
C) Young women made up only a small part of the women's liberation movement.
D) Participants in the women's liberation movement failed to realize how the political world impacted their decisions and actions.

Question 71

What was the purpose of the nationwide and global "teach-ins" organized by campus activists in 1965?

A) discussions of the Vietnam War between college students and faculty
B) lessons taught to college students on the rising sexual revolution and the new birth control pill
C) training sessions presented by college faculty to their students on how to use civil disobedience to disrupt activities on college campuses
D) informational sessions presented by the medical profession to college students warning them of the dangers of LSD and marijuana

Question 72

Besides the right to conduct political activities at the Berkeley campus of the University of California, what major demand was made by students in the free speech movement, which began in the fall of 1964?

A) participatory democracy where students had a say in their education
B) the right to take LSD and to smoke marijuana in college housing
C) an immediate end to U.S. participation in the Vietnam War
D) voting rights and greater federal aid for urban poor African Americans living outside of the South

Question 73

How did the Tet Offensive mark a turning point in the Vietnam War?

A) Television news coverage of the horror and devastation in Vietnam led to strong opposition to the war by the American public for the first time.
B) North Vietnamese troops successfully invaded South Vietnam and remained on the offensive for the duration of the war.
C) The U.S. success in stopping a North Vietnamese advancement into South Vietnam convinced Communist leader Ho Chi Minh to seek a negotiated peace with the United States and South Vietnam.
D) President Johnson's popularity surged, assuring his reelection in 1968.

Question 74

Abandoning his usual caution in criticizing U.S. military policy, what different approach did Martin Luther King Jr. take to justify his opposition to the Vietnam War during the last year of his life?

A) He described the detrimental impact of the war on the poor in the United States and the peasantry in Vietnam.
B) He pointed out the lack of a real threat to South Vietnam from North Vietnamese troops.
C) He explained his belief that Ho Chi Minh's Communist ideology would benefit rather than harm economic and social progress in South Vietnam.
D) He expressed his frustration regarding the lack of international support the United States was receiving from its allies in conducting the Vietnam War.

Question 75

In the 1968 presidential campaign, why did Robert F. Kennedy emerge as the candidate of choice for many liberals associated with the Democratic Party?

A) his strong record on civil rights and interpretation of the Vietnam War as a mirror of injustice at home
B) his political experience as his brother's attorney general and as a senator from New York
C) his good looks, which were enhanced by extensive media exposure
D) his close political relationship with Lyndon Johnson

Question 76

What is the common link among the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village; Delano, California; and the federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay?

A) The catalysts for the rise of the gay liberation, Mexican American, and American Indian movements had their origins at these locations during the 1960s.
B) Violent confrontations between protesting demonstrators, who demanded greater civil rights recognition for ethnic and homophile groups, and law enforcement occurred at these locations.
C) Sit-ins were held in support of greater rights for gays, Mexican Americans, and American Indians at these locations.
D) Peaceful demonstrations that brought greater public attention to the plights of gays, Mexican Americans, and American Indians happened at these locations.

Question 77

Which of the following demonstrates the increase in conservatism among white voters outside of the South during the 1968 presidential election?

A) the impressive showing made by the third-party candidacy of segregationist Alabama Governor George Wallace
B) the Democratic Party's refusal to sit the black Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party's delegation at their national convention
C) the number of Democratic voters who backed Senator Eugene McCarthy during the primaries
D) support for the segregationist actions of Republican vice presidential candidate Spiro Agnew

Question 78

In The Death and Life of Great American Cities, what did author Jane Jacobs identify as the trend that most contributed to decline of the nation's cities?

A) urban planners who invested in business districts at the expense o neighborhoods and local communities
B) race riots instigated by the large African American population in the nation's most populous cities outside of the South
C) the lack of federal aid that the Great Society allocated to the nation's largest urban centers
D) an increase in the number of urban African Americans who were either unemployed or working in low-paying service jobs

Question 79

What is the difference between Medicare and Medicaid?

A) Medicare provides hospital and medical insurance for people age 65 or older without regard to income or medical history, while Medicaid covers low-income people who are unable to afford medical services.
B) Medicaid provides hospital and medical insurance for people age 65 or older without regard to income or medical history, while Medicare covers low-income people who are unable to afford medical services.
C) Medicare is voluntarily administered by the states, while Medicaid is administered by the federal government.
D) Medicare covers both adults and children, while Medicaid is limited to adults age 65 or older.

Question 80

What did demonstrators outside the 1968 Democratic convention want to bring to the public's attention when they shouted, "The whole world is watching!" on live television news coverage?

A) the violence associated with the "police riot" against demonstrators and innocent bystanders ordered by Chicago Mayor Richard Daley
B) the political corruption brought about by having Vice President Hubert Humphrey secure the Democratic presidential nomination without having to participate in the electoral primary system
C) the anger over Martin Luther King Jr.'s and Robert Kennedy's assassinations
D) the public expression of frustration and hostility at not having Lyndon Johnson seek another term as president