Deck 30: Chemical Signaling Within the Animal Body

Question 1

______________ stimulates carbohydrate metabolism and reduces inflammation,and synthetic forms of this hormone have been used as anti-inflammatory agents.

A) ACTH
B) Epinephrine
C) Aldosterone
D) Cortisol

Answer 1

D

Question 2

One of the two hormones the body cannot survive without is

A) parathyroid hormone.
B) growth hormone.
C) follicle-stimulating hormone.
D) norepinephrine.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Parathyroid hormone acts to ensure

A) sodium levels in urine are constant.
B) potassium levels in the blood don't escalate.
C) calcium levels in the blood never drop too low.
D) amounts of water in the blood are sufficient.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Receptors for peptide hormones lie

A) in the nucleus of the cell.
B) in the cytoplasm.
C) within the cell membrane.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 5

The main switchboard of the neuroendocrine system is the

A) pituitary gland.
B) thalamus.
C) cerebrum.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 6

In this disease,the numbers of insulin receptors on target cells are abnormally low.

A) Goiter
B) Type II diabetes
C) Type I diabetes
D) Gallbladder disease

Question 7

Calcitonin is produced by the

A) thyroid gland.
B) adrenal medulla.
C) parathyroid glands.
D) anterior pituitary.

Question 8

A hormone that causes color changes in reptiles is ______________,the effects of which are poorly understood in humans.

A) prolactin
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone
C) melanocyte-stimulating hormone
D) somatotropin

Question 9

One of the two adrenal medulla hormones that stimulate an "alarm" response along with the sympathetic nervous system is

A) ACTH.
B) epinephrine.
C) aldosterone.
D) cortisol.

Question 10

The adrenal cortex releases ______________,which "tells" the kidney to take up extra sodium ions.

A) ADH
B) epinephrine
C) glucose
D) aldosterone

Question 11

The receptor for steroid hormones lies

A) in the cell nucleus or cytoplasm.
B) within the cell membrane.
C) on the outside of the cell membrane.
D) on the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell.

Question 12

____________ regulates the kidney's retention of water.Its secretion is suppressed by alcohol.

A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) Thyroxin
D) Vasopressin (ADH)

Question 13

_______________ hormone is significant in the female menstrual cycle,triggering maturation of an egg.

A) Follicle-stimulating
B) Adrenocorticotropic
C) Prolactin
D) Growth

Question 14

A second messenger

A) is cyclic AMP.
B) serves to amplify the signal.
C) activates protein kinases.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 15

An absolute deficiency in beta cells of the pancreas results in

A) diabetes type I.
B) diabetes type II.
C) pancreatitis.
D) excessive calcium in the blood.

Question 16

_______________ hormone stimulates the adrenal gland to produce several steroid hormones.

A) Adrenocorticotropic
B) Follicle-stimulating
C) Luteinizing
D) Growth

Question 17

________________ hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary during childhood and puberty and stimulates growth of muscle and bone throughout the body.

A) Follicle-stimulating
B) Adrenocorticotropic
C) Prolactin
D) Growth

Question 18

Hormones are highly specific because they are

A) each active in every cell in the body.
B) recognized by specific receptors.
C) produced by the body.
D) faster than nervous impulses.

Question 19

_______________ hormone stimulates the male gonads to produce testosterone and triggers ovulation in females.

A) Adrenocorticotropic
B) Follicle-stimulating
C) Luteinizing
D) Growth

Question 20

A deficiency in thyroxine can result in

A) a rapid metabolic rate.
B) a reduced thyroid.
C) a goiter.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 21

Which of the following hormones is a steroid hormone?

A) Antidiuretic hormone
B) Lutenizing hormone
C) Progesterone
D) Insulin
E) Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 22

_______________ is the hormone released by the pancreas to lower levels of glucose in the blood.

Question 23

The posterior pituitary releases ____________ that stimulates uterine contractions.

Question 24

The anterior pituitary hormone __________ stimulates the breasts to produce milk.

Question 25

_____________ glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream,while ____________ glands secrete hormones through ducts that empty to the outside or to the digestive cavity.

Question 26

Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus control the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.

Question 27

Which of the following is incorrect about anabolic steroids?

A) Injected into muscles,they activate growth genes that lead to larger muscles.
B) They can lead to liver damage.
C) They can lead to heart disease.
D) They are safe to use.
E) They promote high blood pressure.

Question 28

A hormone travels from the gland that releases it to the target cell via __________.

A) the bloodstream.
B) nerve axons.
C) the digestive tract.
D) the respiratory tract.

Question 29

Peptide hormones employ ______________ that amplify the response of the cell.

Question 30

Which of the following is an advantage of using chemical hormones as messengers rather than electrical signals to control body organs?

A) Different hormones can be targeted at different tissues because they are all chemically different.
B) Chemical signals can persist longer.
C) Chemical signals can spread to all tissues via the blood.
D) Chemical signals are usually only required in only small amounts.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 31

When calcium levels in the blood are low,the ________ produce _______ which stimulates the breakdown of bone,releasing calcium.

A) parathyroid glands;parathyroid hormone
B) parathyroid glands;calcitonin
C) adrenal glands;calcitonin
D) adrenal glands;aldosterone

Question 32

The adrenal glands are located

A) at the base of the neck.
B) on the kidneys.
C) in the brain.
D) in the testes.
E) attached to the thyroid gland.

Question 33

Prolactin stimulates the breasts to produce milk which is released in response to oxytocin.

Question 34

The adrenal ___________ releases adrenaline and norepinephrine,while the adrenal ____________ releases cortisol and aldosterone.

Question 35

A child has stunted growth,lower than normal carbohydrate and protein metabolism,and mental retardation.What gland might not be working right?

A) Parathyroid
B) Thyroid
C) Adrenal
D) Pancreas

Question 36

Both males and females produce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Question 37

Excessive alcohol and caffeine consumption stimulate antidiuretic hormone and promote water retention.

Question 38

Which hormone would be released in times of stress and cause increased blood flow to the heart and lungs,accelerated heartbeat,and higher blood pressure?

A) Calcitonin
B) Vasopressin
C) Testosterone
D) Parathyroid
E) Epinephrine

Question 39

The peptide hormone ____________ regulates the kidney's retention of water.

Question 40

Estrogen,testosterone,and progesterone are _____________ hormones,which are manufactured from cholesterol.

Question 41

Explain what types of hormones are carried from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland,how these hormones are transported,and what affects they have on the anterior pituitary.

Question 42

The ____________ gland is a shield-shaped gland in the neck that produces thyroxine and calcitonin.

Question 43

Explain how blood glucose is regulated through the actions of hormones.

Question 44

The ____________ gland consists of two lobes and is under the influence of the hypothalamus.

Question 45

What are the three advantages of using hormones as messengers rather than nerves to control bodily processes?

Question 46

Explain how the level of calcium in blood is kept within narrow limits and why this is important.