Deck 7: How Cells Harvest Energy From Food

Question 1

Plants do photosynthesis only and animals do cellular respiration only.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

What is the fate of the NADH and FADH₂ made during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

A) They carry electrons to the electron transport chain.
B) They carry electrons to water.
C) They carry electrons to pyruvate.
D) They carry electrons to the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide.
E) They carry electrons to the cytoplasm.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Glycolysis takes place in the _____________ and the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain take place in the ___________.

A) mitochondrial matrix;inner mitochondrial membrane
B) cytoplasm;endoplasmic reticulum
C) intermembrane space of the mitochondria;mitochondrial matrix
D) cytoplasm;mitochondria
E) mitochondria;cytoplasm

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What happens to pyruvate,the end product of glycolysis,before it enters the Krebs cycle?

A) It is reduced.
B) It is phosphorylated.
C) It is carboxylated.
D) It is oxidized.

Question 5

When substrate level phosphorylation occurs it means that

A) NAD is converted into NADH.
B) ATP is converted into ADP plus a phosphate group.
C) ADP is converted into ATP by the transfer of a phosphate group.
D) AMP is converted into NAD by adding a phosphate group.
E) NADH is converted into NAD + H.

Question 6

Electrons generated from the Krebs cycle go next to the

A) fermentation pathway.
B) formation of alcohol.
C) electron transport chain.
D) fluid portion of the mitochondrion.

Question 7

Which of these is an electron carrier molecule?

A) NADH
B) ATP
C) Adenylate kinase
D) Carbonic acid

Question 8

Which of the following macromolecules can be broken down into intermediate products that enter cellular respiration?

A) Proteins
B) Lipids
C) Nucleic acids
D) Carbohydrates
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following is not produced during the Krebs cycle?

A) Carbon dioxide
B) NADH
C) FADH₂
D) ATP
E) All of these are produced during the Krebs cycle.

Question 10

Which is true about glycolysis?

A) More ATP is required than is produced.
B) ATP is required.
C) No ATP is required.
D) ATP is not produced.

Question 11

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the process of glycolysis?

A) Glycolysis uses molecular oxygen,however it occurs in anaerobic environments.
B) Glycolysis uses molecular oxygen and occurs in aerobic environments.
C) Glycolysis uses no molecular oxygen and occurs in the mitochondria.
D) Glycolysis uses no molecular oxygen,however it can occur in aerobic environments.

Question 12

Which is incorrect about fermentation?

A) It is anaerobic.
B) It generates oxygen.
C) In yeast,ethanol is produced.
D) When human muscles are lacking oxygen,lactate is produced.
E) It recycles NADH back to NAD⁺.

Question 13

During which stage(s)of cellular respiration is CO₂ produced?

A) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle
B) Krebs cycle only
C) Electron transport chain
D) Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and Krebs cycle
E) Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

Question 14

How many net ATP are made in glycolysis?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 6
D) 34
E) 38

Question 15

Which stage in cellular respiration evolved first?

A) Glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) Electron transport chain
D) Fermentation

Question 16

The first stage of cellular respiration,called ___________,takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and needs no oxygen.

A) glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) photorespiration
D) oxidation

Question 17

Depending on your body's needs,acetyl-CoA is either directed into the Krebs cycle or

A) channeled into fat synthesis.
B) fermented into alcohol.
C) sent back to glycolysis.
D) sent to the electron transport chain.
E) fermented to lactic acid.

Question 18

Select the correct sequence depicting the breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration.

A) Glycolysis - pyruvate - acetyl - CoA - electron transport chain - Krebs cycle
B) Glycolysis - pyruvate - acetyl - CoA - Krebs cycle - electron transport chain
C) Glycolysis - acetyl - CoA - pyruvate - electron transport chain - Krebs cycle
D) Glycolysis - acetyl - CoA - pyruvate - Krebs cycle - electron transport chain

Question 19

Which stage of cell respiration makes the majority of ATP?

A) Glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) Electron transport chain
D) Fermentation
E) They all produce the same amount.

Question 20

Under what environmental conditions do yeast carry out fermentation?

A) Absence of oxygen
B) High temperature
C) Low pH
D) High osmotic pressure
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 21

Cellular respiration

A) oxidizes glucose and reduces oxygen.
B) oxidizes oxygen and reduces glucose.
C) releases energy and reduces water.
D) requires energy and releases NADH.
E) releases energy and oxygen.

Question 22

When a high-energy phosphate group is transferred from a substrate to ADP it is called _____________.

Question 23

What is produced when beer is made?

A) CO₂ and ethanol
B) Oxygen and ethanol
C) Water,hydrogen gas,and ethanol
D) Lactate and ethanol
E) Ethyl alcohol and water

Question 24

During the second stage of cellular respiration,the ______________ takes place in the mitochondria and generates NADH and FADH₂.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a reaction that cells use to get energy from nutrients?

A) Cellular respiration
B) Fermentation
C) Photosynthesis
D) Anaerobic respiration

Question 26

ATP is formed when ___________ pass back across the membrane through ATP synthase channels.

Question 27

In the process of glycolysis,glucose is cleaved into a pair of three-carbon ________ molecules.

A) lactate
B) acetyl-CoA
C) pyruvate
D) oxaloacetate
E) alcohol

Question 28

Which of the following is(are)products of the Krebs cycle?

A) CO₂ and ATP
B) CO₂,ATP,FADH₂
C) ATP and NADH
D) CO₂,ATP,NADH,FADH₂
E) ATP,NADH,FADH₂

Question 29

The Krebs cycle turns _______ times per glucose.

Question 30

________________ molecules of ATP are generated from the complete cellular respiration of one molecule of glucose.

Question 31

Most of the carbon dioxide that is made during aerobic respiration is from

A) glycolysis.
B) the Krebs cycle.
C) the electron transport chain.
D) the Calvin cycle.
E) chemiosmosis.

Question 32

When FAD and NAD⁺ gain electrons and hydrogens during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle,they are said to be __________.

Question 33

_________ is an electron carrier similar to NADH.

Question 34

During fermentation,_______ is recycled when hydrogens and electrons from NADH are donated to organic molecules in the absence of oxygen.

Question 35

A proton _______ drives protons out across the mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane space.

Question 36

The internal compartment of the mitochondria is the ________.

Question 37

Compare ethanol and lactic acid fermentation with regard to their products and the types of cells in which they occur.

Question 38

Amino acids from proteins undergo _____ prior to entering into the Krebs cycle.

Question 39

Describe how adding a phosphate to ATP or removing a phosphate group from ATP stores or releases energy.

Question 40

Common end products of fermentation include __________ and ______.

Question 41

Explain which process evolved first-glycolysis or the Krebs cycle.