Deck 13: Immigration

Question 1

Which area of the country had the smallest concentration of foreign-born residents in 1860?

A) New England
B) Midwest
C) Upper Midwest
D) South

Answer 1

South

Question 2

What was the most striking feature about income in the period 1800-1850?

A) It was evenly distributed.
B) There was a growing gap between rich and poor.
C) The gap between rich and poor narrowed.
D) Per capita income remained stable.

Answer 2

There was a growing gap between rich and poor.

Question 3

Which of the following resolutions addressing women's rights in the Declaration of Sentiments failed to receive unanimous approval from the delegates at the Seneca Falls Convention?

A) obtaining a higher education
B) having custody of their children in cases of divorce
C) owning property
D) voting

Answer 3

voting

Question 4

A political consequence of German and Irish immigration to New York City in the mid-nineteenth century was the end of __________ control of New York City.

A) Whig
B) Democratic
C) Republican
D) Federalist

Question 5

The agenda for reform in the 1820s and 1830s was set by the __________.

A) new emerging middle class
B) impoverished lower class
C) wealthy elite
D) politicians

Question 6

As urban free black populations grew in the early nineteenth century, __________.

A) urban whites welcomed free blacks as neighbors
B) blacks were often victims of urban violence
C) blacks were the most peaceable citizens of their cities
D) blacks had access to most jobs and professions

Question 7

The sabbatarian movement focused on __________.

A) imposing Christian morality on the public
B) encouraging freedom of worship
C) Catholic-Protestant mutual understanding
D) breaking the power of Tammany Hall

Question 8

"Temperance" crusaders were concerned about the problems related to __________.

A) prostitution
B) excessive drinking
C) immigration
D) gambling

Question 9

Which of these cities was overwhelmed by the influx of Irish immigrants in the 1840s?

A) New York
B) Boston
C) Baltimore
D) Philadelphia

Question 10

Most early-nineteenth-century cities lacked __________.

A) municipal water supplies, sewers, and garbage collection
B) ethnic clusters
C) places for wealthy people to live
D) streetcars

Question 11

The violent 1849 Astor Place Riot developed from long-standing hostilities between __________.

A) freed African Americans and white planters
B) German Catholic immigrants and Jews
C) Irish immigrants and the British
D) Chinese immigrant workers and Irish railroad laborers

Question 12

Catharine Beecher campaigned for teacher training for women because of her belief that __________.

A) women were the equals of men
B) nurturing women would be better teachers
C) educated women could eventually dominate men
D) women were more community-minded than men

Question 13

California was unusual in attracting large numbers of immigrants from __________.

A) China
B) Ireland
C) Scandinavia
D) Russia

Question 14

The most significant demographic development of the period 1820-1860 was __________.

A) the settlement of the Great Plains
B) the development of suburbs
C) rapid population growth in the cities
D) the influx of southern black workers to northern cities

Question 15

Approximately 500,000 free African Americans resided in the United States by 1860, making up what percentage of the country's total black population?

A) less than 1 percent
B) 2 percent
C) 6 percent
D) 11 percent

Question 16

Who could join the general unions of the 1830s?

A) all working people
B) white men in skilled trades
C) all white people
D) white men

Question 17

The first real career path for women was __________.

A) preaching
B) school teaching
C) moral reformer
D) politician

Question 18

An important common denominator in the public education, temperance, antiprostitution, and asylum reform movements was leadership by __________.

A) the working class
B) women
C) big-city machines
D) evangelical ministers

Question 19

The fastest-growing city in the United States between 1820 and 1860 was __________.

A) Boston
B) Philadelphia
C) New Orleans
D) New York

Question 20

The typical German immigrant in the 1840s-1860s was __________.

A) a political dissenter
B) small farmer or artisan
C) an ex-prison inmate
D) an indentured servant

Question 21

The American Colonization Society __________.

A) focused on sending blacks back to Africa
B) sought the creation of American economic colonies abroad
C) wanted an immediate end to slavery
D) lobbied for rights of free blacks to vote

Question 22

The Female Moral Reform Society was formed to address what issue?

A) temperance
B) prostitution
C) abolitionism
D) women's voting rights

Question 23

Before becoming active in the women's rights movement, the Grimké sisters were already well known as __________.

A) temperance reformers
B) abolitionists
C) antiprostitution activists
D) evangelical preachers

Question 24

Which statement describes what German and Irish immigrants had most in common?

A) They formed ethnic enclaves in cities.
B) They were Catholic.
C) They mainly worked as laborers or domestics.
D) They faced little discrimination.

Question 25

William Sidney Mount's (1807-1868) painting The Bone Player is unusual in that it portrays an African American man as __________.

A) a black musician dressed in stereotypical clothing
B) a forced participant in hard labor
C) taking pride in his own talent
D) assuming an activist role in the abolitionist movement

Question 26

Similar to evangelical preachers in the nineteenth century, northern abolitionists __________.

A) employed a confrontational and personal style
B) ignored the unconverted
C) treated their opponents with Christian charity
D) relied on calm, unemotional rhetoric

Question 27

Joseph Smith is most closely associated with what area of reform?

A) temperance
B) abolitionism
C) religion
D) public education

Question 28

Southerners were particularly disturbed by free African American writers such as David Walker, whose Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World __________.

A) encouraged slave rebellion
B) assumed full equality
C) insisted on changing the Constitution's three-fifths rule
D) advocated public education for blacks

Question 29

Former president John Quincy Adams was a key figure in what part of the abolitionist movement?

A) the Amistad case
B) publication of the Liberator
C) running for president on the Republican Party ticket
D) organizing the American Colonization Society

Question 30

Free African Americans in northern cities faced __________.

A) less prejudice than Irish immigrants
B) improving employment opportunities
C) legal segregation
D) comparable per capita rates to the population at large

Question 31

With which reform movement is Horace Mann most closely associated?

A) women's rights
B) public education
C) temperance
D) abolitionism

Question 32

Employment prospects for free black men living in northern cities __________ between 1820 and 1850.

A) improved
B) deteriorated
C) skyrocketed
D) all but disappeared

Question 33

Complicating the efforts of the abolitionists was their __________.

A) lack of focus
B) lack of moral fervor
C) disagreement on the status of free blacks
D) excessive deference to the feelings of slave owners

Question 34

The immediate impact of the abolitionist movement on the South was to __________.

A) promote discussion on ending slavery
B) stifle expressions of dissenting opinion
C) force a loosening of restrictions on slaves
D) convince many Southerners to free their slaves

Question 35

The most successful of the nineteenth-century communitarian movements was __________.

A) Oneida
B) New Harmony
C) the Shaker community
D) Mormonism

Question 36

"Taking the pledge" meant __________.

A) adopting a celibate lifestyle
B) vowing never to engage in prostitution
C) committing oneself to the ministry
D) vowing never to drink alcohol

Question 37

The "Burned-Over District" in New York got its name as a seedbed of __________.

A) economic protest
B) antiblack violence
C) industrial innovation
D) religious and reform movements

Question 38

The largest groups of immigrants to the United States between 1820 and 1860 were from __________.

A) Ireland and Germany
B) England and Scotland
C) Italy and Poland
D) Africa and the West Indies

Question 39

Mormonism was most closely related to which of the following?

A) utopianism
B) the temperance movement
C) female reformers
D) urban problems

Question 40

Sarah Grimké's Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women bears a tone of __________ in response to the ministers who reprimanded her and her sister Angelina for stepping out of a "woman's proper sphere."

A) assertiveness
B) acceptance
C) ridicule
D) denial

Question 41

__________ was fundamental to social reform.

A) Communist ideology
B) Fundamental pessimism
C) Evangelical religion
D) Religious tolerance

Question 42

Which of these is a prime example of an "instant" city?

A) New Orleans
B) Birmingham
C) New York
D) Chicago

Question 43

Which statement was true of most white antislavery reformers?

A) They supported the American Colonization Society.
B) They longed for a world in which race did not exist as a social category.
C) They rejected the idea of social equality between whites and blacks.
D) They rejected the idea of civil equality for blacks.

Question 44

Discuss the problems of immigration that America's urban centers faced and were unable to solve between the 1830s and the 1850s.

Question 45

How was the Female Moral Reform Society typical of midcentury reform movements?

Question 46

What role did free blacks play in the abolitionist movement, and how did white abolitionists respond to free black participation?

Question 47

What was the primary motivation for Irish migration to the United States in the 1840s and 1850s?

A) escaping famine
B) escaping religious persecution
C) the lure of high-paying factory jobs
D) the lure of political freedoms

Question 48

Which advance was made in the nineteenth century because of women's rights activism?

A) the extension of voting rights to all women over 25
B) the passage of property laws more favorable to women
C) the passage of legislation barring discrimination in employment based on gender
D) the creation of a federal agency to handle issues of concern to women

Question 49

Women became deeply involved in reform movements through their __________.

A) churches
B) jobs
C) children
D) political parties

Question 50

The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 was an outgrowth of __________.

A) the demise of the Whig Party
B) female activity in social reform
C) urban growth
D) the split within the American Anti-Slavery Society

Question 51

Why was the response to Irish immigration in Boston different from that in New York?

A) New York was more able to absorb the large number of Irish immigrants.
B) New York had always been more homogeneous than Boston.
C) New York's economy was weaker than Boston's.
D) New York had more reform organizations prepared to help immigrants.

Question 52

What characteristic of the immigrants of the 1840s, who came mostly from Ireland and Germany, contributed most to a nativist backlash?

A) Catholicism
B) poverty
C) radical political beliefs
D) low levels of education

Question 53

Which of these explains why southern cities had police forces much earlier than northern cities?

A) fear of slave uprisings
B) higher rates of immigration
C) faster industrialization
D) more-developed transportation infrastructure

Question 54

Why would the Irish and the free blacks of the North be particularly antagonistic to each other?

Question 55

Which statement about American cities between 1820 and 1860 is true?

A) They grew at a faster rate than at any other time in the nation's history.
B) They contained a majority of the nation's inhabitants by the end of this period.
C) Native-born Americans fled the cities as immigrants poured in.
D) Urban income inequality decreased rapidly.

Question 56

The three groups that worked in different ways to bring an end to slavery during the 1820s and 1830s included free African Americans, militant white reformers, and __________.

A) Quakers
B) Mormons
C) German Lutherans
D) sabbatarians

Question 57

Where did most German immigrants settle in the United States?

A) the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys
B) New England
C) the South
D) the Appalachian backcountry

Question 58

Beginning in the 1830s, a series of violent riots broke out against __________ and __________, the two poorest urban groups living in American cities.

A) Germans and Jews
B) Catholics and free blacks
C) Irish Catholics and African American slaves
D) German Lutherans and the Chinese

Question 59

The proportion of America's population living in cities increased from only 7 percent in 1820 to almost __________ in 1860.

A) 10 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 70 percent

Question 60

Describe the typical German immigrant. What motivated this immigrant to leave Germany?

Question 61

What was radical about William Lloyd Garrison's approach to abolition?

A) He demanded immediate emancipation.
B) He promoted gradual emancipation.
C) He took a wholly secular approach to the issue.
D) He focused on the commercial damage of slavery.

Question 62

Antiprostitution reformers quickly realized that __________.

A) prostitution was an economic more than a moral issue
B) personal appeals to prostitutes were often successful
C) male rather than female reformers were more successful at curbing prostitution
D) younger rather than older reformers were more successful at curbing prostitution

Question 63

Why did the alliance between William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass end?

A) Douglass wanted to take a more active role in the movement, including political action, than Garrison was willing to grant him.
B) Douglass demanded that the movement support full legal equality for blacks, and Garrison refused to do so.
C) Douglass wanted to create an alliance with the Whig Party, and Garrison refused to do so.
D) Garrison wanted the movement to support full rights for women, and Douglass refused to do so.

Question 64

What was the primary cause of the rise of social reform movements in the antebellum period?

A) problems in the nation's cities
B) growing opposition to slavery
C) corruption in the nation's political system
D) rural poverty

Question 65

Why were the Grimké sisters so disparaged by many Americans?

A) They gave public speeches in front of audiences of men and women.
B) They sought to become ministers in order to become more credible leaders.
C) They fought for full economic equality between men and women.
D) They fought to allow women to gain full custody over their children.

Question 66

What was one consequence of the emergence of female social reformers during the antebellum period?

A) a reassessment of the traditional gender divisions in American society
B) a rapid change in the legal and economic status of women in American society
C) a rapid change in the social status of women in American society
D) the opening of new leadership opportunities for women in Protestant churches

Question 67

What was one of the reasons that cities were slow to provide sanitation services?

A) The services were expensive, and cities were not used to such levels of expenditure.
B) City governments were not concerned with issues affecting immigrants.
C) Cities had few reasons to provide such services.
D) There were constitutional questions about which level of government should provide such services.

Question 68

Which group was the earliest to advocate a movement to end slavery?

A) free African Americans
B) working-class immigrants
C) Quakers
D) white reformers

Question 69

Which statement about free African Americans in the North is true?

A) They had the lowest per capita income of any group in the North.
B) They faced less prejudice than Catholic immigrants.
C) They primarily worked in factories.
D) They primarily worked on farms.

Question 70

Congress passed a "gag rule" in the 1830s to __________.

A) prevent antislavery petitions from being debated in Congress
B) limit the power of northern political leaders
C) allow the expansion of slavery into the western territories
D) limit the power of southern political leaders

Question 71

How did changes in antebellum urban society impact artisan workers?

A) They caused artisans' social and economic status to decline.
B) They improved artisans' economic prospects but caused their social status to decline.
C) They caused artisans' social and economic status to improve.
D) They weakened artisans' economic prospects but improved their social status.

Question 72

Which statement best explains why temperance became such a popular reform movement?

A) It meshed with the needs of the merging market economy, and drinking hurt families financially.
B) It appealed to nearly all groups in American society.
C) It helped new immigrants to integrate into American society.
D) It reduced taxes on the middle and working classes.

Question 73

Why did female activists feel the need to call for a women's rights convention in 1848?

A) Many of them had faced discrimination within other social reform groups.
B) They felt the market revolution required a campaign to promote women's economic rights.
C) They wanted to publicize a "women's position" on the issue of abolition.
D) A series of court decisions had placed dangerous restrictions on the legal rights of married women.

Question 74

How did the population growth caused by immigration change the character of urban life?

A) It sharpened class distinctions.
B) It blurred class distinctions.
C) It reduced poverty.
D) It led to increased birthrates.

Question 75

Why was the colonization movement involving the resettlement of blacks to Liberia largely ineffective?

A) African Americans did not trust the motives of white supporters of colonization.
B) Slaveholders feared that the resettlement of African Americans to western Africa would financially ruin the Upper South and the border states.
C) Northern shipping companies did not have the financial resources to relocate African Americans to western Africa.
D) European powers threatened to declare war on the United States because they saw the colonization movement as an encroachment on their sphere of influence.

Question 76

What was the primary cause of the cholera, yellow fever, and typhus epidemics that swept through American cities in the mid-nineteenth century?

A) lack of sanitation
B) poor hygiene habits among immigrants
C) the presence of domesticated animals
D) close living quarters

Question 77

Sarah and Angelina Grimké were born into a __________.

A) prominent South Carolina slaveholding family
B) lower-class Boston family
C) middle-class Virginia family
D) Pennsylvania Quaker family

Question 78

Which of these was a defining characteristic of the reform movements of the 1820s and 1830s?

A) a belief in the basic goodness of human nature
B) a dynamic secularism
C) inclusion of Catholic beliefs and practices
D) an exclusively male membership

Question 79

From which group did most female reformers of the antebellum period emerge?

A) the middle class
B) immigrants
C) the working class
D) the wealthy

Question 80

Which of these was a primary achievement in the career of Dorothea Dix?

A) creating state asylums for the insane
B) establishing teaching as a suitable profession for women
C) creating a national women's suffrage organization
D) creating a national women's temperance organization