Deck 9: Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Question 1

Human cell's have:

A)23 pairs of chromosomes
B)22 pairs of chromosomes
C)44 chromosomes
D)2 pairs of sex chromosomes
E)One pair of autosomes

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The human chromosomes that do not determine whether an individual is male or female are:

A)Not found in pairs
B)The "X" and "Y" chromosomes
C)Autosomes
D)Called sex chromosomes
E)None of these are correct

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The chromosomal designation for a human male is:

A)XX
B)XO
C)XY
D)YY
E)XXX

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In humans,germ cells are located in the:

A)Ovaries and bone marrow
B)Bone marrow
C)Testes
D)Ovaries
E)Testes and ovaries

Question 5

The Y chromosome is:

A)Larger than the X chromosome
B)Contains more genes than the X chromosome
C)The same size as the X chromosome
D)Smaller than the X chromosome
E)Genetically identical to the X chromosome

Question 6

The X chromosome is:

A)Larger than the Y chromosome
B)Smaller than the Y chromosome
C)The same size as the Y chromosome
D)Genetically identical to the Y chromosome
E)Both A and D are correct

Question 7

In meiosis,homologous chromosomes align next to one another during:

A)Interphase one
B)Metaphase two
C)Prophase one
D)Metaphase one
E)Prophase two

Question 8

In humans during meiosis,a diploid germ cell reduces its chromosome number by half to generate __________ haploid nuclei.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)23
E)46

Question 9

A diploid germ cell reduces its chromosome number by half to generate four haploid nuclei in:

A)Fertilization
B)Mitosis
C)Meiosis
D)Replication
E)Parthenogenesis

Question 10

Mitotic cell division creates identical copies by replicating a cell's DNA __________ and then dividing ____________.

A)Once, twice
B)Twice, once
C)Twice, twice
D)Once, once
E)None are correct

Question 11

In meiosis,DNA replicates during:

A)Prophase one
B)Prophase two
C)Interphase two
D)Interphase one
E)Both interphase two and interphase one are correct

Question 12

Meiotic cell division replicates a cell's DNA ____________ and then divides ______________.

A)Twice, once
B)Once, twice
C)Twice, twice
D)Once, once
E)None are correct

Question 13

The chromosomal designation for a human female is:

A)XYY
B)XY
C)YY
D)XX
E)None are correct

Question 14

Diploid means having:

A)One complete set of chromosomes
B)Three complete sets of chromosomes
C)Two complete sets of chromosomes
D)Two chromosomes in each somatic cell
E)Two chromosomes in each gamete

Question 15

The process that merges the gametes from two parents is:

A)Fertilization
B)Meiosis
C)Parthenogenesis
D)Mitosis
E)Conjugation

Question 16

A zygote is:

A)A haploid cell
B)A gamete
C)A product of meiosis
D)All are correct
E)A diploid cell

Question 17

Chromosomes that look alike and carry the same sequence of genes for the same traits are:

A)The X and Y chromosome
B)All the autosomes
C)Homologous chromosomes
D)Found in females only
E)Found in males only

Question 18

All sexual life cycles include:

A)Mitosis, gamete formation, and fertilization
B)Mitosis, meiosis, and gamete formation
C)Meiosis, gamete formation, and fertilization
D)Mitosis, fertilization, and meiosis
E)None of these are correct

Question 19

Meiosis is a process that produces:

A)Sperm cells
B)Egg cells
C)Gametes
D)Haploid cells
E)All are correct

Question 20

The process by which a bacterium uses a sex pilus to transfer genetic information to another bacterium is:

A)Parthenogenesis
B)Apomixis
C)Mitosis
D)Conjugation
E)Replication

Question 21

In meiosis,paired homologs align down the center of the cell during:

A)Metaphase one
B)Prophase one
C)Prophase two
D)Metaphase two
E)Anaphase two

Question 22

In meiosis two,cytokinesis results in the production of:

A)Two haploid daughter cells
B)Four diploid daughter cells
C)Four haploid daughter cells
D)Two diploid daughter cells
E)One daughter cell identical to the parent cell that underwent meiosis

Question 23

In meiosis,the separated sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell during:

A)Metaphase one
B)Metaphase two
C)Anaphase one
D)Telophase one
E)Anaphase two

Question 24

Sexual reproduction and meiosis generate genetic variety by:

A)Random fertilization
B)All are correct
C)Independent assortment
D)Crossing over

Question 25

A gamete having more than one complete set of chromosomes:

A)Cannot be produced by meiosis
B)Cannot participate in fertilization
C)Is polyploid
D)Will undergo mitosis
E)Is not yet through meiosis

Question 26

Why does sexual reproduction produce more genetic variability in a population?

A)Offspring are genetically identical to one parent
B)During sex, adults can exchange genetic material thus increasing their variability
C)Organisms arising from sexual reproduction can change their genetic material in response to environmental changes
D)Sexually reproducing organisms mutate more rapidly than asexually reproducing organisms
E)Offspring are a genetic mix of both parents

Question 27

In humans,gametes form:

A)In ovaries by parthenogenesis
B)In testes by oogenesis
C)In ovaries by spermatocenesis
D)In testes by spermatogenesis
E)In testes and ovaries by random assortment

Question 28

In meiosis,homologous chromosomes separate during:

A)Prophase one
B)Prophase two
C)Anaphase one
D)Metaphase one
E)Anaphase two

Question 29

In meiosis 1,cytokinesis usually occurs after telophase one and produces:

A)One diploid cell
B)Two haploid cells
C)Four haploid cells
D)Two diploid cells
E)One haploid cell

Question 30

If a diploid cell goes through meiosis it will generate:

A)Two haploid cells
B)Four diploid cells
C)Two diploid cells
D)Four haploid cells
E)This isn't possible

Question 31

Alternate forms of the same gene:

A)Do not exist
B)Are alleles
C)Are homologs
D)Are sister chromatids
E)Do not occur in the same individual

Question 32

If daughter cells produced by meiosis have a mixture of paternal and maternal chromosomes this is due to:

A)Crossing over
B)Semi-conservative replication
C)Random fertilization
D)Random alignment of chromosome pairs
E)Mutation

Question 33

Nondisjunction may cause:

A)Trisomy 21
B)Turner Syndrome
C)Jacobs Syndrome
D)All are correct
E)Klinefelter syndrome

Question 34

Why is it essential that meiosis produce haploid cells?

A)So that the number of chromosomes will double each generation
B)To produce haploid offspring
C)To prevent the number of chromosomes from doubling each generation
D)To produce diploid gametes
E)To allow asexual reproduction

Question 35

The process by which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material:

A)Is crossing over
B)Is random fertilization
C)Occurs only in bacteria
D)Occurs only in animals
E)Is independent assortment

Question 36

Homologous chromosomes contain the same ____ but may contain different ____.

A)Alleles, genes
B)Sister chromatids, genes
C)Alleles, sister chromatids
D)Genes, sister chromatids
E)Genes, alleles

Question 37

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

A)Genetic variability during an ecological disaster
B)Genetic variability when the environment is stable
C)Faster reproduction
D)Requirement of less energy
E)Simpler form of reproduction

Question 38

In meiosis,chromosomes containing sister chromatids (not homologous chromosomes)align along the center of the cell during:

A)Prophase one
B)Prophase two
C)Interphase two
D)Metaphase one
E)Metaphase two

Question 39

People who have a single X chromosome are female,while those with XXY sex chromosomes are males.In order to be a female a human:

A)Must have two X chromosomes
B)Cannot have a Y chromosome
C)Must have one X chromosome
D)Must have one Y chromosome
E)Cannot have an X chromosome

Question 40

When chromosomes fail to separate at either the first or second meiotic division,this:

A)Is known as crossing over
B)Results in a sperm or egg cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes
C)Is known as translocation
D)Results in a failure to produce gametes
E)Results in arrest during meiosis

Question 41

If a chromosome in one of your bone cells becomes mutated,you will not pass this mutation onto your children because:

A)Somatic cells cannot undergo mitosis
B)Germ cells cannot undergo meiosis
C)Germ cells cannot undergo mitosis
D)Somatic cells cannot undergo meiosis

Question 42

In plants,sporophytes undergo meiosis to produce ____ spores.

A)Diploid
B)Tetraploid
C)Triploid
D)Fertilized
E)Haploid

Question 43

Most cultivated bananas are triploid.How could these be generated from diploid parent banana plants?

A)Non-disjunction in meiosis followed by normal fertilization
B)Non-disjunction in mitosis followed by normal fertilization
C)Fertilization of a haploid egg by two haploid sperm
D)Fertilization of a haploid egg by a haploid sperm
E)Fertilization of a diploid somatic cell by a haploid sperm

Question 44

If a diploid sperm fertilizes a diploid egg it will produce a ____ zygote.

A)Triploid
B)Tetraploid
C)Diploid
D)Haploid
E)Hexaploid

Question 45

Genes A and B are on the same chromosome.What gametes could an AABB individual produce?

A)AABB
B)A
C)AB
D)B
E)AAB

Question 46

Which of the following will occur in meiosis but not in mitosis?

A)Metaphase
B)Cytokinesis
C)Crossing over
D)DNA replication
E)Chromosome condensation

Question 47

Why are tetraploid offspring considered a separate species from their diploid parents?

A)Their offspring would be diploid and sterile
B)Their offspring would be triploid and sterile
C)Their offspring would be tetraploid and sterile
D)The two species would look different and would not be pollinated
E)The two species would be in different habitats and not able to mate

Question 48

A species has 6 chromosomes in each diploid cell.How many genetically unique offspring could be produced from sexual reproduction in this species?

A)64
B)36
C)16
D)9
E)8

Question 49

A diploid cell with 4 chromosomes would produce which of the following after meiosis?

A)Two genetically distinct types of haploid gametes
B)Two genetically distinct types of diploid gametes
C)Four genetically distinct types of haploid gametes
D)Four genetically distinct types of diploid gametes
E)Four genetically identical diploid gametes

Question 50

Genes A and B are on the same chromosome.If a person has one chromosome with the alleles AB and a second chromosome with the alleles ab,how could they produce a gamete with a chromosome containing the alleles Ab or aB?

A)Independent assortment
B)Random fertilization
C)Mitosis
D)Fragmentation of the chromosome
E)Crossing over

Question 51

If a diploid cell goes through mitosis it will generate:

A)Four haploid cells
B)Two diploid cells
C)Two haploid cells
D)Four diploid cells
E)This isn't possible

Question 52

In plants,haploid gametophytes produce gametes by:

A)Meiosis
B)Mitosis
C)Fertilization
D)Sporulation
E)Non-disjunction

Question 53

If a haploid cell goes through mitosis it will generate:

A)Two haploid cells
B)Two diploid cells
C)Four haploid cells
D)Four diploid cells
E)This isn't possible

Question 54

For a plant to produce diploid sperm and egg ____ must occur during _____.

A)Non-disjunction, mitosis
B)Independent assortment, meiosis
C)Non-disjunction, meiosis
D)Independent assortment, mitosis
E)Independent assortment, fertilization

Question 55

A diploid cell with 6 chromosomes would produce which of the following after meiosis?

A)Four genetically distinct types of haploid gametes
B)Two genetically distinct types of diploid gametes
C)Four genetically distinct types of diploid gametes
D)Eight genetically distinct types of haploid gametes
E)Eight genetically identical haploid gametes

Question 56

When a woman's egg ovulates it arrests in metaphase II until it is fertilized by a sperm.How many chromosomes will be present in the egg?

A)46
B)2
C)4
D)23
E)1

Question 57

If a haploid cell goes through meiosis it will generate:

A)Four haploid cells
B)This isn't possible
C)Two haploid cells
D)Four diploid cells
E)Two diploid cells

Question 58

In humans,the sex of a child is determined by:

A)The sex chromosome in the egg
B)The number of autosomes in the sperm
C)The number of autosomes in the egg
D)The sex chromosome in the sperm
E)The number of X chromosomes in the egg

Question 59

If you mate a donkey (2N=62)with a horse (2N=64)you get a mule.A mule is sterile and cannot produce gametes by meiosis because:

A)They contain too few chromosomes
B)They have an odd number of chromosomes
C)They have an even number of chromosomes
D)They contain too many chromosomes
E)They lack genes that are essential for life

Question 60

In plants,diploid parental plants called sporophytes produce haploid spores by:

A)Meiosis
B)Mitosis
C)Fertilization
D)Recombination
E)Non-disjunction

Question 61

Figure 9.19
Tragopogon mirus is a hybrid of T.dubius and T porrifolius.Based on Figure 9.19,T.mirus has:

A)12 chromosomes from T. d ubius and 12 chromosomes from T porrifolius
B)6 chromosomes from T. dubius and 6 chromosomes from T porrifolius
C)24 chromosomes from T. dubius and 24 chromosomes from T porrifolius
D)24 chromosomes from T. dubius
E)24 chromosomes from T porrifolius

Question 62

Pollen contains _____ that produce _____.

A)Gametophytes, spores
B)Sporophytes, sperm
C)Sporophytes, spores
D)Sperm, spores
E)Gametophytes, sperm

Question 63

Identical twins result from a single fertilization to form a zygote,which then clones itself.

Question 64

Meiosis requires that homologous chromosomes align with one another so that crossing over may occur.

Question 65

Mitosis occurs in germ cells throughout life.

Question 66

Fraternal (nonidentical)twins result from two simultaneous fertilizations,which form two separate zygotes.

Question 67

If a human zygote has either 45 or 47 chromosomes it might be assumed that this was due to random fertilization.

Question 68

If a woman in her late forties wants to have a baby and seeks medical advice,she would most likely be advised that she is at much greater risk of having a baby with Klinefelter syndrome.

Question 69

In humans,the egg provides the mitochondria to the zygote.In plants which organelles would be provided by the egg and not by the sperm?

A)Mitochondria
B)Chloroplasts
C)Nuclei
D)Chloroplasts and mitochondria
E)Nuclei and chloroplasts

Question 70

A male having an extra X chromosome (XXY)would have Turner syndrome.

Question 71

A female missing an X chromosome (XO)would have Turner syndrome.

Question 72

There are two divisions in meiosis resulting in four daughter cells.

Question 73

Figure 9.20
Based on Figure 9.20,T.mirus has:

A)Arisen only once with T. pratensis being the female parent
B)Arisen only once with T. dubius being the female parent
C)Arisen more than once with T. pratensis and T. dubius both being the female parent
D)Arisen more than once with T. pratensis being the female parent
E)Arisen more than once with T. dubius being the female parent

Question 74

If a woman in her late forties wants to have a baby and seeks medical advice,she would most likely be advised that she is at much greater risk of having a baby with Down syndrome.

Question 75

The number of chromosomes in a daughter cell produced by meiosis is the same as the number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Question 76

The number of chromosomes in a daughter cell produced by mitosis is the same as the number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Question 77

Mitosis does not require that homologous chromosomes align with one another.

Question 78

If a human zygote has either 45 or 47 chromosomes it might be assumed that this was due to nondisjunction.

Question 79

Figure 9.19
Based on Figure 9.19,T.mirus would normally produce gametes with __ chromosomes.

A)24
B)12
C)6
D)2
E)1

Question 80

A hybrid plant becoming a new species in a generation is an example of:

A)Gradualism
B)Artificial selection
C)Genetic drift
D)Stabilizing selection