Deck 5: Photosynthesis

Question 1

Organisms that consume preexisting organic molecules are called:

A)heterotrophs.
B)autotrophs.
C)animorphs.
D)plants.
E)none are correct

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The energy source for the process of photosynthesis is:

A)oxygen.
B)sunlight.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)chlorophyll.
E)glucose.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Examples of accessory pigments for photosynthesis are:

A)chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
B)chlorophyll a and carotenoids.
C)chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
D)carotenoids, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a.
E)mitochondria.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A nanometer is:

A)one billion meters.
B)one millionth of a meter.
C)a million meters.
D)one thousandth of a meter.
E)one billionth of a meter.

Question 5

The organelle that carries out photosynthesis in plants is the:

A)chloroplast.
B)mitochondria.
C)ribosome.
D)chlorophyll.
E)lysosome.

Question 6

The proportion of oxygen in our atmosphere today is about:

A)30%.
B)2%.
C)5%.
D)10%.
E)20%.

Question 7

The reactant (reactants)of photosynthesis is (are):

A)oxygen.
B)water and carbon dioxide.
C)chlorophyll.
D)glucose.
E)sunlight.

Question 8

A membrane studded with photosynthetic pigments in plant cells is the:

A)granum.
B)chloroplast.
C)chlorophyll.
D)thylakoids.
E)stroma.

Question 9

A gelatinous matrix inside the chloroplast containing ribosomes,DNA and enzymes is the:

A)granum.
B)chlorophyll.
C)thylakoid.
D)stroma.
E)mitochondria.

Question 10

The main byproduct of photosynthesis that is released into the environment is:

A)glucose.
B)carbon dioxide.
C)chlorophyll.
D)oxygen.
E)sunlight.

Question 11

The primary pigment needed for photosynthesis is:

A)sunlight.
B)oxygen.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)glucose.
E)chlorophyll a.

Question 12

The three main components of sunlight are:

A)gamma rays, visible light and infrared light.
B)microwaves, visible light and ultraviolet light.
C)ultraviolet light, visible light and infrared light.
D)ultraviolet light, visible light and x-rays.
E)visible light, radio waves and ultraviolet light.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a net product or reactant of photosynthesis?

A)Carbon dioxide
B)Glucose
C)Sunlight
D)ATP
E)Oxygen

Question 14

The reactions of photosynthesis may be summarized as:

A)6CO₂ + 6H₂O C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
B)6CO + 6H₂O C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6H₂O
C)12CO₂ + 6H₂O C₁₂H₁₂O₆ + 6H₂O
D)6CO + 6H₂O C₆H₁₂O_­6 + 6O₂
E)none are correct

Question 15

Which organism's life depends on photosynthesis?

A)Coral
B)An oak tree
C)Humans
D)The sea slug Elysia chlorotica
E)All are correct

Question 16

Photosynthesis:

A)is not dependent on chlorophyll.
B)is not an oxidation-reduction reaction.
C)is a process that produces water and carbon dioxide.
D)is a process that produces glucose and oxygen.
E)none are correct

Question 17

Organisms that make their own organic compounds from inorganic substances are called:

A)animals.
B)animorphs.
C)heterotrophs.
D)autotrophs.

Question 18

Discrete packets of kinetic energy in light are called:

A)photons.
B)protons.
C)electrons.
D)lasers.
E)grana.

Question 19

The main product of photosynthesis is:

A)glucose.
B)oxygen.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)chlorophyll.
E)sunlight.

Question 20

Leaves of many plants "turn" colors in the fall because:

A)the cooler weather causes the plant to produce more of the accessory photosynthetic pigments.
B)the chlorophyll in the leaves degrades as winter approaches.
C)the lessening of daylight as winter approaches causes the plant to produce more of the accessory photosynthetic pigments.
D)plants produce more chlorophyll.
E)all are correct

Question 21

In photosynthesis,the carbon in CO₂ is being _____ to form glucose.

A)respired
B)oxidized
C)reduced
D)energized
E)broken down

Question 22

The energy sources needed for the light reactions and the carbon reactions respectively are:

A)ATP and carbon dioxide.
B)sunlight and carbon dioxide.
C)sunlight and ATP.
D)ATP and sunlight.
E)Sunlight serves as the energy source for both sets of photosynthetic reactions.

Question 23

The rise of photosynthetic organisms:

A)raised the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere lowering sea levels.
B)decreased the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere lowering sea levels.
C)decreased the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere raising sea levels.
D)raised the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere raising sea levels.

Question 24

Photosystem I and photosystem II are respectively part of:

A)the light reactions and the carbon reactions.
B)the light reactions only.
C)the carbon reaction and the light reactions.
D)the carbon reactions only.
E)respiration.

Question 25

The rise of photosynthetic organisms:

A)decreased the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere decreasing polar ice caps.
B)decreased the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere increasing polar ice caps.
C)raised the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere increasing polar ice caps.
D)raised the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere decreasing polar ice caps.

Question 26

The carbon atoms in cellulose found in a log originally came from _____ absorbed by the plant.

A)glucose
B)carbon dioxide
C)nutrients in the soil
D)water
E)oxygen

Question 27

Photosystem I produces:

A)NADPH.
B)ATP.
C)glucose.
D)water.
E)NADH.

Question 28

Photosystem II produces:

A)water.
B)NADPH.
C)glucose.
D)NADH.
E)ATP.

Question 29

If ozone layers in the atmosphere are depleted:

A)more ultraviolet wavelengths will reach the earth's surface causing more cases of skin cancer.
B)more infrared wavelengths will reach the earth's surface, causing more cases of skin cancer.
C)fewer ultraviolet wavelengths will reach the earth's surface, causing global cooling.
D)fewer visible wavelengths will reach the earth's surface, causing an increase in photosynthesis.
E)fewer infrared wavelengths will reach the earth's surface, causing global warming.

Question 30

The Calvin Cycle:

A)is a cyclic pathway that produces three carbon molecules from CO₂.
B)is a linear pathway that produces three carbon molecules from CO₂.
C)is a cyclic pathway that produces ATP and NADPH.
D)is a linear pathway that produces ATP and NADPH.

Question 31

Rubisco combines ribulose bisphosphate with carbon from:

A)glucose.
B)ATP.
C)carbon monoxide.
D)organic compounds.
E)carbon dioxide.

Question 32

Herbicides may kill plants by:

A)blocking carotenoid synthesis.
B)blocking electron flow in photosystem II.
C)combining electrons with oxygen creating high energy free radicals which destroy the ability of chloroplasts to function.
D)all are correct

Question 33

Tiny openings in the epidermis of the leaf that allow air to enter into the leaf are called:

A)thylakoids.
B)stroma.
C)stomata.
D)grana.
E)thylakoid spaces.

Question 34

What is released at each step in an electron transport chain?

A)Ultraviolet wavelengths
B)Electrons
C)Photons
D)Energy
E)All are correct

Question 35

Which plants keep their stomata open only at night?

A)CAM
B)C₃
C)C₄

Question 36

The main product of the carbon reactions is:

A)oxygen.
B)NADPH.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)glucose.
E)ATP.

Question 37

Burning a log is the reverse reaction found in photosynthesis.What products would be formed in burning a log?

A)Carbon dioxide and water
B)Glucose and oxygen
C)Oxygen and carbon dioxide
D)Oxygen and water
E)Carbon dioxide and glucose

Question 38

Before photosynthetic cells became abundant,_____ would not be widespread.

A)chemoautotrophs
B)cells using anaerobic respiration
C)heterotrophs
D)cells using aerobic respiration

Question 39

In photosynthesis,the oxygen atoms in H₂O are:

A)energized.
B)reduced.
C)respired.
D)oxidized.
E)broken down.

Question 40

Which plants are best adapted to cool wet conditions?

A)C₄
B)C₃
C)CAM

Question 41

A plant performing photosynthesis will produce ____ and consume _____.

A)water, carbon dioxide
B)oxygen, water
C)oxygen, carbon dioxide
D)carbon dioxide, oxygen
E)carbon dioxide, water

Question 42

The algae Vaucheria litorea is:

A)a heterotrophic protist.
B)an autotrophic protist.
C)an autotrophic plant.
D)a heterotrophic plant.
E)a heterotrophic animal.

Question 43

Chloroplasts contain their own DNA,but the genes on these chromosomes only encode about 10% of the proteins required for photosynthesis.This is evidence for:

A)competition.
B)photosynthesis.
C)predation.
D)parasitism.
E)endosymbiosis.

Question 44

Based on the structure of chlorophyll (Figure 5.6)where would you expect to find it in a cell?

A)In the cell wall
B)In the cytoplasm
C)In a membrane
D)In the stroma
E)Attached to a protein

Question 45

What hypothesis were the scientists testing?

A)That some sea slug genes were present in chloroplast chromosomes
B)That chloroplasts can function without some proteins involved in photosynthesis
C)That the sea slugs have to continuously consume chloroplasts to replace the older ones
D)That some chloroplast genes were present in the sea slug chromosomes
E)That only photosystem II is necessary for photosynthesis

Question 46

The electrons flowing through the electron transport chains in photosynthesis come from ____ and end up being carried by _____.

A)NADPH, oxygen
B)oxygen, NADPH
C)NADPH, water
D)water, NADPH
E)oxygen, water

Question 47

The sea slug Elysia chlorotica absorbs chloroplasts from the algae Vaucheria litorea as it digests the algae.This allows the sea slug to live on sunlight and carbon dioxide.This suggests that:

A)photosynthesis can occur from proteins released from a digested chloroplast.
B)regions of a plant outside of the chloroplast are necessary for photosynthesis.
C)chloroplasts alone are sufficient for photosynthesis.
D)some of the algae are not digested and are living symbiotically inside of the sea slugs.
E)photosynthesis can occur outside of a chloroplast in algae.

Question 48

If a thylakoid is placed in a basic solution ATP synthesis will occur.How is this possible?

A)A proton gradient is created by the difference in pH
B)An electron gradient is created by the difference in pH
C)ATP is formed spontaneously at low pH
D)The carbon reactions are blocked in the thylakoid at high pH
E)ATP cannot be broken down at low pH

Question 49

How do C₄ plants minimize photorespiration?

A)Stomata are only opened at night, storing oxygen in malate. During the day the oxygen is released for photosynthesis.
B)The light reactions and carbon reactions occur in different cells, so carbon dioxide does not come into contact with rubisco.
C)Stomata are only opened at night, storing carbon dioxide in malate. During the day the carbon dioxide is released for photosynthesis.
D)The light reactions and carbon reactions occur in different cells, so oxygen does not come into contact with rubisco.

Question 50

The sea slug Elysia chlorotica is green because it contains:

A)enzymes that produce green light.
B)heme.
C)algal chromosomes.
D)pigments that reflect red and blue light.
E)chlorophyll.

Question 51

Plants require a lot of water for transpiration,metabolism,and photosynthesis.How is water used in photosynthesis?

A)As a substrate for ATP synthase
B)As an electron acceptor
C)To combine with ADP forming ATP
D)To combine with NADP⁺ to form NADPH
E)As an electron donor

Question 52

When a plant becomes dried out:

A)stomata close, decreasing gas exchange.
B)stomata open, decreasing gas exchange.
C)stomata close, increasing gas exchange.
D)stomata open, increasing gas exchange.

Question 53

When NADP⁺ _____ in the light cycle it is ______ forming NADPH.

A)donates, oxidized
B)accepts, oxidized
C)donates, reduced
D)accepts, reduced

Question 54

Blue light has ___ energy than red light and is ____ by a green leaf.

A)less, reflected
B)less, absorbed
C)more, reflected
D)more, absorbed

Question 55

Why is photorespiration more of a problem for a plant when their stomata are closed?

A)Oxygen levels increase from photosynthesis and compete with carbon dioxide for rubisco's active site.
B)Carbon dioxide levels increase from photosynthesis and compete with oxygen for rubisco's active site.
C)Water is lost when the stomata are open and is not available to accept electrons from Photosystem I.
D)Oxygen cannot enter the leaf, blocking normal respiration, so the plants switch to photorespiration.
E)Glucose cannot leave through the stomata and levels increase inside of the plant cell, causing dehydration by osmosis.

Question 56

In the carbon reaction carbon dioxide molecules are reduced by the addition of electrons carried from the light reaction by __________.

A)ATP
B)NADP⁺
C)NADPH
D)oxygen
E)water

Question 57

When NADPH _____ in the carbon reactions it is ______ forming NADP⁺.

A)accepts, reduced
B)donates, oxidized
C)accepts, oxidized
D)donates, reduced

Question 58

Energy is carried from the light reaction to the carbon reaction by __________.

A)water
B)NADPH
C)NADP⁺
D)oxygen
E)ATP

Question 59

How do CAM plants minimize photorespiration?

A)The light reactions and carbon reactions occur in different cells, so carbon dioxide does not come into contact with rubisco.
B)The light reactions and carbon reactions occur in different cells, so oxygen does not come into contact with rubisco.
C)Stomata are only opened at night, storing carbon dioxide in malate. During the day the carbon dioxide is released for photosynthesis.
D)Stomata are only opened at night, storing oxygen in malate. During the day the oxygen is released for photosynthesis.

Question 60

What will happen to the pH inside of a thylakoid that is exposed to light?

A)It will increase
B)It will decrease
C)It will not change

Question 61

The carbon reactions produce ATP and NADPH.

Question 62

For most lawn grasses to grow well in hot,dry weather they must be watered so that their stomata will remain open for longer periods of time to let in CO₂.

Question 63

The primary photosynthetic pigment is the orange pigment chlorophyll a.

Question 64

Grana,thylakoids and chloroplasts are structures in cells that are important to the process of photosynthesis.

Question 65

When chlorophyll a absorbs light,electrons are "excited" and ejected from the chlorophyll a molecule.

Question 66

Most biologists would agree that the most important metabolic pathway of living organisms is photosynthesis.

Question 67

C₄ plants and CAM plants fix carbon twice during the photosynthetic reactions.

Question 68

For most lawn grasses to grow well in hot,dry weather,they must be watered so that their stomata will remain open for longer periods of time to let in O₂.

Question 69

The light reactions use ATP as their energy source.

Question 70

The sea slug Elysia chlorotica absorbs chloroplasts from the algae Vaucheria litorea as it digests the algae.This is an example of which of the following?

A)Mutualism
B)Predation
C)Parasitism
D)Commensalism
E)Competition

Question 71

The sea slug Elysia chlorotica is:

A)an autotrophic plant.
B)an autotrophic protist.
C)a heterotrophic protist.
D)a heterotrophic animal.
E)a heterotrophic plant.

Question 72

How did the scientists rule out that the chloroplasts could function outside of a host cell?

A)The chloroplast chromosomes were missing photosystem II gene psbO.
B)They shined light on the chloroplasts and looked for oxygen production.
C)They found the algal photosystem II psbO gene in the sea slug chromosomes.
D)They did not find the photosystem II psbO gene in the puffer fish chromosomes.
E)They injected the chloroplasts into a heterotrophic bacteria and it could now perform photosynthesis.

Question 73

What is a product of photosystem II?

A)NADPH
B)Water
C)Oxygen
D)ADP
E)Glucose

Question 74

The light reactions use sunlight as their energy source.

Question 75

How are algal chloroplasts able to perform photosynthesis in a sea slug?

A)Other animals like puffer fish contain the algal photosystem II gene psbO and perform photosynthesis.
B)The chloroplast chromosomes were missing the photosystem II gene psbO.
C)The chloroplasts can perform photosynthesis if removed from an algal cell.
D)The sea slug chromosomes contain the algal photosystem II gene psbO.
E)The chloroplasts can function without the photosystem II gene psbO.

Question 76

C₄ plants and CAM plants fix carbon only once during the photosynthetic reactions.

Question 77

The rise of photosynthetic organisms increased the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere,raised global temperature and raised sea level.