Deck 35: Animal Behavior

Question 1

Animal behaviors that become more frequent when rewarded are:

A)Taxis
B)Imprinting
C)Reflex
D)Observational
E)Innate

Answer 1

D

Question 2

If scientists ask "how" questions about the behavior of living organisms,they are studying the ___________________ causes of a behavior.

A)Dominant
B)Recessive
C)Proximate
D)Ultimate
E)Anatomical

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Ethology is the scientific study of:

A)Inheritance
B)How organisms interact with the living and nonliving components of their environment
C)Animal behavior
D)Plants
E)None of the above are correct

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A sequence of innate behaviors that is performed to completion when triggered by an environmental stimulus is termed a:

A)Substantive blueprint
B)Methodology template
C)Fixed action pattern
D)Minimum survival pattern
E)Maximum survival pattern

Question 5

A movement toward or away from a stimulus is a(an):

A)Reflex
B)Fixed action pattern
C)Taxis
D)Aneurysm
E)Methodology

Question 6

The odd bouncing of a Thompson's gazelle to warn others of a nearby predator is termed:

A)Stotting
B)Dribbling
C)Mobbing
D)Bobbing
E)Cavorting

Question 7

A flock of crows attacking a great horned owl is an example of:

A)Stotting
B)Mobbing
C)Dribbling
D)Bobbing
E)Cavorting

Question 8

If scientists ask "why" questions about the behavior of living organisms,they are studying the ___________________ causes of behavior.

A)Dominant
B)Recessive
C)Proximate
D)Ultimate
E)Anatomical

Question 9

Which of the following is not a type of learned behavior?

A)Observational learning
B)Imprinting
C)Habituation
D)Taxis
E)All are learned behaviors

Question 10

Which of the following is a proximate question in regards to animal behavior?

A)Why do parents risk their lives for those of their offspring?
B)When does a human male develop a deep voice?
C)Why does a gazelle leap to warn others in the herd when a predator is present?
D)How does a male songbird learn the songs that attract females of his species?
E)Why do crows work together to attack great horned owls?

Question 11

An instantaneous automatic response to a stimulus is a(an):

A)Learned behavior
B)Imprinting
C)Taxis
D)Fixed action pattern
E)Reflex

Question 12

The type of behavior that does not require learning or experience to be performed correctly is:

A)Innate behavior
B)Dominant behavior
C)Recessive behavior
D)Imprinting
E)Habituation

Question 13

Scientists have no way to measure objectively of:

A)The love that humans feel for a pet
B)The level of insulin in the blood stream
C)The force of a muscular contraction
D)The volume of blood flow through an artery
E)The effect of a neurotransmitter on a muscle

Question 14

Observational behavior:

A)Is a learned behavior that becomes less frequent when punished
B)Is an innate behavior that becomes less frequent when punished
C)Is a learned behavior that becomes more frequent when punished
D)Is an innate behavior that becomes more frequent when punished

Question 15

Biologists traditionally classify ______________________ based on the way they are acquired and how changeable they are.

A)Animal phyla
B)Animal behaviors
C)Animal size
D)Animal territories
E)Animal offspring

Question 16

A behavior in which an animal learns not to respond to a stimulus is:

A)Imprinting
B)Observational
C)Habituation
D)Taxis
E)Reflex

Question 17

A type of behavior that cause babies of many animals to back away from a visual cliff is a(an):

A)Learned behavior
B)Innate behavior
C)Observational learning
D)Habituation
E)Both A and D are correct

Question 18

A kind of rapid learning that occurs only during a restricted time early in the life of an animal is:

A)Observational
B)Taxis
C)Imprinting
D)Habituation
E)Reflex

Question 19

Behaviors that result from an animal's experiences are:

A)Learned behaviors
B)Imprinting and learned behaviors
C)Innate behaviors
D)Imprinting and innate behaviors
E)Imprinting

Question 20

Which of the following is an ultimate question in regards to animal behavior?

A)How does a male songbird learn the songs that attract females of his species?
B)When does a human male develop a deep voice?
C)How does the nervous system translate instinct into action?
D)How do crows know to work together to attack a great horned owl?
E)Why do parents risk their lives for those of their offspring?

Question 21

In optimizing foraging,birds must always balance which two variables?

A)Energy taken in per unit time versus the chance of finding a mate
B)Chance of finding a mate versus risk of being eaten by a predator
C)Risk of being eaten by a predator versus the energy density of food
D)Energy taken in per unit time versus risk of being eaten by a predator
E)Chance of finding a mate versus the energy density of food

Question 22

In the wild,an animal avoiding a food that they gotten sick from when eating it in the past is an example of which of the following?

A)Operant conditioning
B)Imprinting
C)Observational learning
D)Classical conditioning
E)Habituation

Question 23

Mutation of the fru (fruitless)gene in fruit flies results in males attempting to mate with other males.This is an example of which of the following?

A)Reflex
B)Fixed action pattern
C)Learned behavior
D)Imprinting
E)Taxis

Question 24

In optimizing foraging,birds often stop feeding in an area and move on even though there are still some seeds left.What is the best explanation for this observation?

A)They are safer from predators when moving
B)They are more likely to find a mate if they move around
C)Other areas may have food at a lower density
D)The density of the food becomes low, so it will take too much energy to find
E)They will leave some seeds to create the next generation of plants

Question 25

Sexual dimorphism in humans is most likely due to which of the following?

A)Uncertainty of paternity by males
B)Competition between males
C)Desire for monogamy by females
D)Higher discrimination in mates by males
E)Female preference for physically attractive males

Question 26

What is the evidence that genes are involved in a white-crowned sparrow learning to sing?

A)If they do not hear singing from other white-crowned sparrows they will not sing at all
B)If they hear singing from both white-crowned and other species of sparrows, they will sing abnormally
C)If they do not hear singing from other white-crowned sparrows they will eventually learn to sing normally
D)If the sparrows are deafened after learning to sing they will sing abnormally as adults
E)If they do not hear singing from other white-crowned sparrows they will sing, but abnormally

Question 27

The behavior in which an animal mates for life,lives with its mate,helps care for the young and defends the family is:

A)Polygamy which is rare in mammals
B)Monogamy which is common in mammals
C)Monogamy which is rare in mammals
D)Polygamy which is common in mammals

Question 28

Which of the following is an advantage for birds living in a group?

A)Increased resistance to diseases
B)Increased availability of seeds to feed on
C)Protection against predators
D)Decreased aggression among members of the same species
E)Increased availability of nesting sites

Question 29

Using a hand puppet to feed a baby condor is done to promote ____ on condors and prevent ____ to humans.

A)Imprinting, habituation
B)Habituation, imprinting
C)Imprinting, operant conditioning
D)Operant conditioning, imprinting
E)Habituation, operant conditioning

Question 30

Crows feeding on whelks drop the whelks from the air until their shell breaks,allowing the crow to eat the mussel inside.What would the crow need to optimize in this foraging strategy?

A)The number of drops needed to break the shell and the height per drop
B)The number of drops needed to break the shell
C)The height per drop
D)The force of gravity in each drop
E)The force of gravity in each drop and the height per drop

Question 31

Given that female cats produce relatively few eggs relative to the number of sperm produced by males,which behavior would you predict?

A)Males would be more choosy about their mate
B)Both males and females would not be choosy about their mate, and would mate with multiple partners
C)Females would be more choosy about their mate
D)Both males and females would be equally choosy about their mates

Question 32

Animals that mark and defend a home range against other animals are exhibiting:

A)Imprinting
B)Taxis behavior
C)Habituation
D)Symbiotic behavior
E)Territorial behavior

Question 33

Which of the following is an advantage of birds traveling in flocks?

A)An individual bird will have more food available
B)An individual bird's chance of being eaten by a predator is diminished
C)An individual bird will need to spend less time finding food
D)An individual bird's chance of finding a mate will increase
E)A flock of birds is like a warning signal to predators not to feed on them

Question 34

A squirrel visits your bird feeder every day,and has learned that if it jumps onto the feeder,seeds will fall on the ground that it can then eat.The squirrel has gone through which of the following?

A)Operant conditioning
B)Classical conditioning
C)Imprinting
D)Observational learning
E)Habituation

Question 35

Which of the following hormones has been experimentally shown to stimulate ovulation in the ring dove?

A)Follicle stimulating hormone
B)Growth hormone
C)Antidiuretic hormone
D)Estrogen
E)Insulin

Question 36

A homing pigeon that uses landmarks to find its way back to its nest is engaging in:

A)Magnetic orientation
B)True navigation
C)Solar navigation
D)Piloting
E)Stellar navigation

Question 37

Fish eggs are fertilized externally while a dogs' eggs are fertilized internally.In which case is a male more likely to be involved in protecting his offspring?

A)A male dog will help rear his young to adulthood
B)A male dog will guard a female that he fertilized
C)A male fish will help rear his young to adulthood
D)A male fish will guard eggs that he fertilized

Question 38

Antlers on a male deer and the lack of antlers on a female deer are examples of:

A)Sexual dimorphism
B)Polygamy
C)Monogamy
D)Optimal foraging
E)Sexual behavior

Question 39

Male sticklebacks shown a model of a fish with a red belly will attack thinking it is a breeding male.Model fish without a red belly are not attacked.This is an example of which of the following?

A)Reflex
B)Fixed action pattern
C)Learned behavior
D)Imprinting
E)Taxis

Question 40

Evidence experience is important in white-crowned sparrows learning to sing includes:

A)They need to hear songs from any sparrow from 10-50 days after hatching to sing properly.
B)They need to hear songs from other male white-crowned sparrows from 10-50 days after hatching.
C)They will not produce any song at all if they do not hear other birds sing.
D)They must imprint on their father to learn how to sing their song properly.
E)White-crowned sparrows raised in a laboratory cannot learn how to sing properly.

Question 41

Ethologists asking "why" type questions in their studies are studying proximate causes of animal behavior.

Question 42

figure 35.26
What was the purpose of the Group B control in figure 35.26?

A)To determine if injection of the ADH receptor in other areas of the brain caused a change in bonding.
B)To determine if injection of any gene into other areas of the brain caused a change in bonding.
C)To determine if injection of any gene into the reward area of the brain caused a change in bonding.
D)To determine if injection of the ADH receptor into the reward area of the brain caused a change in bonding.
E)To determine if injection of ADH into the reward area of the brain caused a change in bonding.

Question 43

Previous work in the 1990s had shown that when prairie voles were given antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin),what happened?

A)They became promiscuous
B)They formed monogamous bonds
C)They became solitary
D)They became violent
E)They retained water

Question 44

figure 35.26
What is the independent variable in figure 35.26?

A)The time spent in contact with a partner
B)The time spent in contact with a stranger
C)The location where the ADH receptor was injected into the brain
D)The species of vole
E)The amount of ADH injected into the bloodstream of the vole

Question 45

In addition to affecting behavior,what does ADH regulate?

A)Heart rate
B)Respiratory rate
C)Muscle contractions
D)Blood pressure
E)Release of testosterone

Question 46

When ADH binds to an ADH receptor in the brain,which of the following would occur?

A)Neurons containing the ADH receptor would depolarize
B)ADH would enter neurons containing the ADH receptor
C)ADH would be released from neurons into the synapse
D)ADH would be enzymatically broken down by the receptor

Question 47

In the study the scientists compared the levels of ADH in the two species of voles.What hypothesis were they testing?

A)That montane voles have higher levels of ADH and are thus monogamous
B)That pug-nosed voles have higher levels of ADH and are thus promiscuous
C)That prairie voles have higher levels of ADH and are thus promiscuous
D)That montane voles have higher levels of ADH and are thus promiscuous
E)That prairie voles have higher levels of ADH and are thus monogamous

Question 48

figure 35.26
What did the scientists conclude from figure 35.26?

A)Increased ADH receptor in the reward area of the brain led to more bonding with a partner
B)Increased ADH receptor in the reward area of the brain led to more bonding with a stranger
C)Increased ADH receptor in the brain had no effect on bonding
D)Increased ADH receptor anywhere in the brain led to more bonding with a partner
E)Increased ADH receptor anywhere in the brain led to more bonding with a stranger

Question 49

In the study,______ voles were monogamous and social,while _____ voles were promiscuous and solitary.

A)Prairie, Montane
B)Montane, Prairie
C)Pug-nosed, Prairie
D)Montane, Pug-nosed
E)Prairie, Pug-nosed

Question 50

Stotting and mobbing are altruistic behaviors used by certain animals to warn others of danger.

Question 51

In eusocial animals like ants the queen is diploid and the male is haploid.Why would female worker ants be more likely than other animals to engage in altruism,feeding the queen's offspring?

A)They are more related to the queen's offspring than they would be to their own offspring
B)The queen establishes a dominance hierarchy over the colony
C)It is a reflex for the worker ants to be altruistic
D)The worker ants are monogamous and remain faithful to the queen ant
E)The worker ants hope for reciprocal altruism and may become the queen ant

Question 52

Chimpanzees given food will readily share with other chimpanzees,even if not related.Which of the following is an explanation for this observation?

A)It is a reflex
B)They are engaging in kin selection
C)Sexual dimorphism is occurring
D)Dominance hierarchy is occurring
E)They anticipate reciprocal altruism

Question 53

The scientists next examined where ADH receptors were found in the brain.They observed that in prairie voles receptors were found in parts of the brain associated with ____,while in montane voles receptors were found in parts of the brain associated with ____.

A)Aggression, addiction
B)Aggression, depression
C)Depression, addiction
D)Addiction, aggression
E)Depression, aggression

Question 54

Ethologists asking "how" type questions in their studies are studying proximate causes of animal behavior.

Question 55

The type of animal behavior that is inborn and does not require experience or learning to be performed correctly is innate behavior.

Question 56

Imprinting is a kind of rapid learning that occurs only during a restricted time,early in the life of an animal.

Question 57

The scientific study of animal behavior is ethology.

Question 58

In almost all cases innate and learned behaviors are determined by both genetics and environment.

Question 59

A meerkat sentry is not an example of altruistic behavior.

Question 60

figure 35.26
What was the purpose of the Group C control in figure 35.26?

A)To determine if injection of any gene into the reward area of the brain caused a change in bonding.
B)To determine if injection of the ADH receptor in other areas of the brain caused a change in bonding.
C)To determine if injection of any gene into other areas of the brain caused a change in bonding.
D)To determine if injection of the ADH receptor into the reward area of the brain caused a change in bonding.
E)To determine if injection of ADH into the reward area of the brain caused a change in bonding.

Question 61

Monogamous animals mate for life,live with their mate,and help take care of the young.

Question 62

Chemicals released into the environment by animals that usually influence behavior in other members of the same species are pheromones.

Question 63

Imprinting is a type of innate behavior.

Question 64

Reproducing is a type of innate behavior.

Question 65

Response to a predator is a type of innate behavior.

Question 66

A chimp using a stick to probe for termites from a nest is evidence of cognition.

Question 67

Chemicals released into the environment by animals that usually influence behavior in other members of the same species are hormones.

Question 68

An evolutionary mechanism in animals that sacrifices an individual's genes for the sake of the genes it shares with related animals is termed kin selection.