Deck 34: Animal Reproduction and Development

Question 1

The tightly coiled tube that receives and stores sperm from one testis is a(an):

A)Scrotum
B)Vas deferens
C)Epididymis
D)Bulbo-urethral gland
E)Seminal vesicle

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In the male,the tube that extends the length of the penis and carries semen out of the body is the:

A)Ejaculatory duct
B)Ureter
C)Urethra
D)Seminiferous tubule
E)Vas deferens

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The structure that secretes a thin,milky,alkaline fluid that activates the sperm to swim is the:

A)Bulbo-urethral gland
B)Seminal vesicle
C)Prostate gland
D)Vas deferens
E)Epididymis

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The end of the uterus that opens to the vagina is the:

A)Labia minora
B)Cervix
C)Vaginal orifice
D)Clitoris
E)Labia majora

Question 5

Cilia sweep the released mature oocytes from ovaries into the:

A)Cervix
B)Uterine tubes
C)Pubic symphysis
D)Uterus
E)Vagina

Question 6

The muscular sac-like organ of the human female in which the fetus develops is the:

A)Ovary
B)Pubic symphysis
C)Vagina
D)Uterus
E)Vulva

Question 7

In the male,the sac-like structure that contains the testes is the:

A)Epididymis
B)Vas deferens
C)Scrotum
D)Sustentacular cells
E)Seminal vesicle

Question 8

The cells in the ovary that give rise to the mature egg cells are the:

A)Follicle cells
B)Osteocytes
C)Endometrial cells
D)Polar bodies
E)Oocytes

Question 9

The diploid first cell of a new organism is a:

A)Gamete
B)Morula
C)Polar body
D)Zygote
E)Oogonium

Question 10

Which of the following is not found on a sperm cell?

A)Flagellum
B)Cilia
C)Nucleus
D)Acrosome
E)Mitochondria

Question 11

In the human male and female reproductive systems,each system contains paired primary sex organs called _______________,which contain ___________ that give rise to gametes.

A)Testes, sperm cells
B)Gonads, germ cells
C)Ovaries, egg cells
D)Bulbo-urethral glands, germ cells
E)All are correct

Question 12

The cap-like __________________ covers the head of the sperm and releases enzymes that will help the sperm penetrate the egg.

A)Epididymis
B)Vas deferens
C)Acrosome
D)Mitochondria
E)Nucleus

Question 13

The inch-long structure in the human female that stimulates the female to experience orgasm is the:

A)Clitoris
B)Cervix
C)Pubic symphysis
D)Bulbo-urethral gland
E)Labia minora

Question 14

The process that unites the male gametes with the female gametes in organisms that reproduce sexually is termed:

A)Conjugation
B)Fertilization
C)Crossing over
D)Gastrulation
E)Recombination

Question 15

Mature human sperm cells:

A)Are spermatozoa
B)Are secondary spermatocytes
C)Contain 46 chromosomes
D)Are primary spermatocytes
E)Undergo meiosis

Question 16

The structure that secretes most of the fluid found in the semen and opens into the vas deferens is the:

A)Epididymis
B)Bulbo-urethral gland
C)Ejaculatory duct
D)Seminal vesicle
E)Seminiferous tubule

Question 17

The tightly coiled structure (structures)inside the testes that produce the sperm cells is (are)the:

A)Seminiferous tubules
B)Epididymis
C)Vas deferens
D)Interstitial cells
E)Bulbo-urethral glands

Question 18

Human spermatogonia:

A)Are diploid cells that reside within the seminiferous tubules
B)Are germ cells
C)Are germ cells that reside within the seminiferous tubules
D)Reside within the seminiferous tubules
E)Are diploid

Question 19

In organisms that reproduce sexually,________ are the sex cells that carry the genetic information from each parent.

A)Diploid zygotes
B)Haploid zygotes
C)Haploid gametes
D)Diploid gametes
E)Diploid morulas

Question 20

In human males,the different types of male sex hormones are collectively called:

A)Estrogens
B)Growth hormones
C)Progesterones
D)Androgens
E)Follicle stimulating hormones

Question 21

Fertilization of a secondary oocyte normally occurs in the:

A)Ovary
B)Vagina
C)Fallopian tube
D)Uterus
E)Peritoneal cavity

Question 22

In a secondary oocyte meiosis is arrested in metaphase II until:

A)Ovulation
B)FSH is present
C)Until fertilization occurs
D)Until LH is secreted by the anterior pituitary
E)Puberty

Question 23

In humans the transparent sac that contains fluid that cushions the embryo and maintains a constant temperature and pressure is the:

A)Amnion
B)Yolk sac
C)Embryonic disc
D)Chorionic villus
E)Chorion

Question 24

The hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates release of LH and FSH in both the male and female is:

A)Human growth hormone
B)Testosterone
C)Gonadotropin releasing hormone
D)Antidiuretic hormone
E)Epinephrine

Question 25

The structure that connects the embryo to the placenta is the:

A)Chorionic villus
B)Umbilical cord
C)Uterine tube
D)Fallopian tube
E)Embryonic disc

Question 26

The stage of human development in which the endoderm,mesoderm,and ectoderm form is the:

A)Zygote
B)Gastrula
C)Embryonic stage
D)Morula
E)Fetal Stage

Question 27

In humans if a preembryo splits before day 12 of development ___________________ are usually formed.

A)Polar bodies
B)Secondary oocytes
C)Fraternal twins
D)Identical twins
E)Embryonic discs

Question 28

The stage of human development that occurs from implantation to about eight weeks after fertilization is the:

A)Zygote
B)Morula
C)Gastrula
D)Fetal Stage
E)Embryonic stage

Question 29

A gene called the _______________ gene on the Y chromosomes must be activated at about week seven of embryonic development for development of the male sex organs and glands.

A)SRY
B)GnRH
C)FSH
D)STD
E)GH

Question 30

The surge of the hormone _______________ in the bloodstream of the female triggers ovulation.

A)FSH
B)LH
C)Estrogen
D)Progesterone
E)GnRH

Question 31

In females nearly all cases of ________________ cancer are associated with the human papillomavirus.

A)Ovarian
B)Lung
C)Breast
D)Cervical
E)All are correct

Question 32

The tube-like structure that serves as the birth canal in the human female is the:

A)Cervix
B)Vulva
C)Vagina
D)Uterus
E)Uterine tube

Question 33

The hormone that is the basis of most pregnancy tests is:

A)Follicle stimulating hormone
B)Luteinizing hormone
C)Human chorionic gonadotropin
D)Estrogen
E)Progesterone

Question 34

A teratogen that women had taken as a tranquilizer to relieve morning sickness that caused deformed limbs in developing embryos during the late 1950s was:

A)Acetaminophen
B)Acutane
C)Erythromycin
D)Thalidomide
E)Penicillin

Question 35

Menopause:

A)Is the cessation of menstruation
B)Is the cessation of sperm production
C)Is the beginning of menstruation
D)Begins in most females at puberty
E)Begins in most males at puberty

Question 36

The correct sequence for the stages in development from conception to birth is:

A)Preembryonic stage, zygote, embryonic stage, fetal stage
B)Fetal stage, zygote, preembryonic stage, embryonic stage
C)Preembryonic stage, embryonic stage, zygote, fetal stage
D)Zygote, preembryonic stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage
E)Fetal stage, embryonic stage, preembryonic stage, zygote

Question 37

The gland that forms from ruptured follicle cells in the ovary and secretes estrogen and progesterone is the:

A)Bulbo-urethral gland
B)Prostate gland
C)Pubis symphysis
D)Pineal gland
E)Corpeus luteum

Question 38

Substances that cause birth defects are collectively called:

A)Androgens
B)Prostaglandins
C)Teratogens
D)Follicle stimulating hormones
E)None are correct

Question 39

The hormone released by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the development of the corpeus luteum is:

A)GnRH
B)FSH
C)LH
D)ADH
E)Progesterone

Question 40

After cleavage,the solid ball of 16 or more cells resembling a mulberry that forms is the:

A)Blastocyst
B)Gastrula
C)Morula
D)Embryonic disc
E)Amnion

Question 41

Male cuttlefish competing to mate with a female supports which definition of natural selection best?

A)Survival of the fittest
B)Longevity of the fittest
C)Reproduction of the fittest
D)Reproduction of the largest
E)Survival of the largest

Question 42

figure 34.13
Based on figure 34.13,who is at the highest risk of contracting a sexually transmitted disease?

A)Males
B)Both have the same risk
C)Females

Question 43

Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone.What effect would this have on the hypothalamus?

A)It would secrete less FSH and LH
B)It would secrete more gonadotrophin releasing hormone
C)It would secrete more FSH and LH
D)It would secrete less gonadotrophin releasing hormone
E)There would be no effect on the hypothalamus

Question 44

Athletes who take synthetic steroids can become sterile due to lack of sperm production.This is because of negative feedback on which of the following?

A)The epididymis
B)The testes
C)The vas deferens
D)The prostate
E)The hypothalamus

Question 45

Thalidomide was given to pregnant women from 1957-1961 to help relieve the symptoms of morning sickness.Thalidomide binds to and inactivates the protein cereblon,which is important in limb formation.If a woman took thalidomide during the _____ period of her baby's development,it could result in stunted growth of their limbs.

A)Preembryonic
B)Fetal
C)Prezygotic
D)Embryonic
E)Delivery

Question 46

A baby turtle growing into an adult that appears similar is an example of ____.

A)Direct development
B)External fertilization
C)Internal fertilization
D)Indirect development
E)Differentiation

Question 47

A female chicken laying a fertilized egg has undergone ____ with a rooster.

A)Differentiation
B)External fertilization
C)Indirect development
D)Direct development
E)Internal fertilization

Question 48

If a woman does not know she is pregnant,and undergoes a diagnostic medical procedure involving exposure of her abdomen to radiation,the developing baby may be at risk.Why would the risk of birth defects be highest if the woman received the radiation during weeks 2-8 of her pregnancy?

A)Organs first begin to develop during the pre-embryonic stage
B)Organs first begin to develop during the embryonic stage
C)Organs first begin to develop during the fetal stage
D)Organs first begin to develop during the zygotic stage
E)Organs first begin to develop during the morula stage

Question 49

A diaphragm is a shallow,dome-shaped rubber disk with a flexible rim that fits within the vagina and covers the cervix.How does this act as a contraceptive to prevent pregnancy?

A)It would prevent sperm from reaching the egg
B)It would prevent ovulation
C)It would cause the embryo to die
D)It would prevent implantation on the uterine wall
E)If would act as a spermicide, killing sperm

Question 50

A vasectomy is a surgical procedure in which the vas deferens are severed,and then tied.How would this cause sterility?

A)Sperm cannot be produced by meiosis
B)Sperm cannot be produced by mitosis
C)Sperm cannot move to the urethra
D)A man cannot get an erection
E)The testes stop producing testosterone

Question 51

A caterpillar turning into a butterfly is an example of ____.

A)External fertilization
B)Internal fertilization
C)Indirect development
D)Direct development
E)Reproduction

Question 52

A tubal ligation is a surgical procedure in which the fallopian tubes are severed,and then tied.How would this cause sterility?

A)Oocytes cannot be produced by meiosis
B)Oocytes cannot move to the uterus
C)Oocytes cannot be produced by mitosis
D)A woman cannot have an orgasm
E)The ovary stops producing estrogen

Question 53

Often a woman may first suspect she is pregnant when she misses a period or menstrual cycle.What causes a pregnant woman to miss a period?

A)Chorionic gonadotropin causes the corpus luteum to produce progesterone
B)Chorionic gonadotropin blocks the corpus luteum from producing progesterone
C)Follicle stimulating hormone causes the corpus luteum to produce progesterone
D)Follicle stimulating hormone blocks the corpus luteum from producing progesterone
E)Luteinizing hormone blocks the corpus luteum from producing progesterone

Question 54

On July 25,1978,Louise Joy Brown,the world's first successful test-tube baby was born.Today,nearly 1% of all births in the U.S.start in the laboratory.Babies conceived through IVF are twice as likely to be born prematurely,but do not show any increase in major birth malformations,cancer,or abnormal psychological development.What is the best explanation for the lack of birth defects in IVF babies?

A)They are implanted while in the embryonic period
B)They are implanted while in the fetal period
C)They are implanted while in the preembryonic period
D)They are grown in the laboratory until they are a full grown baby
E)They are grown in the lab until they are a viable fetus

Question 55

Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone.How would this prevent pregnancy?

A)It would prevent sperm from reaching the egg
B)It would cause the embryo to die
C)It would prevent implantation on the uterine wall
D)If would act as a spermicide, killing sperm
E)It would prevent ovulation

Question 56

A female salmon laying unfertilized eggs in a nest is preparing them for ____ by a male salmon.

A)External fertilization
B)Internal fertilization
C)Indirect development
D)Direct development
E)Differentiation

Question 57

Often a woman may first suspect she is pregnant when she misses a period or menstrual cycle.Why is it important for the menstrual cycle to be blocked during a pregnancy?

A)To prevent additional fertilizations
B)To conserve eggs
C)To avoid having twins
D)To prevent the blastocyst from being lost
E)To prevent the loss of the corpus luteum

Question 58

Athletes who take synthetic steroids can become sterile due to lack of sperm production.This is because the synthetic steroids cause which of the following?

A)A decrease in FSH and LH production
B)An increase in FSH and LH production
C)A decrease in FSH and an increase in LH production
D)An increase in FSH and a decrease in LH production

Question 59

Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone.What effect would this have on the anterior pituitary?

A)It would secrete less FSH and LH
B)It would secrete less gonadotrophin releasing hormone
C)It would secrete more gonadotrophin releasing hormone
D)It would secrete more FSH and LH
E)There would be no effect on the anterior pituitary

Question 60

figure 34.13
Based on figure 34.13,why do you think females have the highest risk of contracting a sexually transmitted disease?

A)Because they will receive fluids from the male during sex
B)Because their immune systems are weaker
C)Because they have sex more often than males
D)Because they are more likely to engage in risky sex than a male

Question 61

How did the authors measure if a male was successful in fertilizing a female?

A)By watching to see if the male mated with the female
B)By comparing the baby cuttlefish with the father to look for similarities
C)By removing the other males from the area
D)By using DNA paternity testing
E)By measuring the time the male spent guarding a female

Question 62

Males who act as female impersonators can change their skin color to look like a female.How is this accomplished?

A)By rolling in the mud to cover the stripes that identify them as male
B)By secreting ink that clouds their color
C)By expressing permanent pigments in their skin
D)By shedding their skin revealing different colored melanophores
E)By contracting muscles to expose different chromatophores

Question 63

When sperm production is too high,sustentacular cells release into the blood stream a hormone called inhibin which blocks additional release of FSH from the pituitary.This is an example of positive feedback.

Question 64

The menstrual cycle controls the timing of oocyte maturation in the ovaries.

Question 65

When a spermatogonium divides mitotically,one daughter cell remains in the seminiferous tubule wall and acts as stem cell that gives rise to cells that specialize into sperm.

Question 66

figure 34.25
In figure 34.25,what is the independent variable?

A)The size of the male
B)How successful a male was at fertilizing a female
C)If a male acted as a female
D)If a male removed the sperm packet that other males had implanted into a female
E)How long a male guarded a female

Question 67

Taking antibiotics can disrupt the microbial community of the vagina and create an opportunity for the yeast Candida albicans to cause an infection.

Question 68

The ovarian cycle prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

Question 69

When a female cuttlefish accepts a male's mating attempt,the two animals align head-to-head,and he inserts a sperm packet into a pouch near her mouth.This is an example of ____.

A)Sexual internal fertilization
B)Sexual external fertilization
C)Asexual internal fertilization
D)Asexual external fertilization
E)Hermaphroditic fertilization

Question 70

figure 34.25
In figure 34.25,what is the dependent variable?

A)How long a male guarded a female
B)If a male acted as a female
C)If a male removed the sperm packet that other males had implanted into a female
D)How successful a male was at fertilizing a female
E)The size of the male

Question 71

A flexible rod-like structure that forms the basic framework of the vertebral column is the notochord.

Question 72

The second stage of prenatal development is the fetal stage.

Question 73

Cuttlefish have a closed circulatory system and live under water.Which of the following organs would they have?

A)A heart and gills
B)A heart and lungs
C)A heart
D)Lungs
E)Gills

Question 74

Cuttlefish and cephalopods are in which group of animals?

A)Fish
B)Annelids
C)Mollusks
D)Reptiles
E)Cnidarians

Question 75

The intake of alcohol,cigarette smoking,and insufficient vitamin intake may all cause birth defects in a developing fetus.

Question 76

What did the authors observe when they videotaped female impersonators?

A)Female impersonators were more successful at mating than males who guarded a female
B)Three out of five female impersonators were successful in mating
C)Females never mated with males who were impersonating females
D)There was no correlation between the size of a male cuttlefish and being a female impersonator
E)There was no correlation between time spent guarding a female and reproductive success

Question 77

The trophoblast secretes enzymes that aid in its implantation into the uterine lining and sends out fingerlike projections into the uterine lining.

Question 78

Ovulation is triggered by a surge of LH in the blood stream.

Question 79

figure 34.25
What can be concluded from figure 34.25?

A)Female impersonators were successful in mating 50% of the time
B)Males who guard a female for 0-20 minutes had the most reproductive success
C)Males who guard a female for more than 40 minutes had the most reproductive success
D)There was no correlation between time spent guarding a female and reproductive success
E)Males who guard a female for 20-40 minutes had the most reproductive success