Deck 18: Plants

Question 1

The part of the plant that is a waxy coating that minimizes water loss from leaves is the:

A)Stomata
B)Root
C)Xylem
D)Phloem
E)Cuticle

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The part of the plant that absorbs water and nutrients is the:

A)Stomata
B)Root
C)Xylem
D)Phloem
E)Cuticle

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In flowering plants:

A)The gametophyte is larger than the sporophyte
B)The gametophyte can grow independently of the sporophyte
C)The gametophyte is both smaller than the sporophyte and can grow independently
D)The gametophyte is smaller than the sporophyte
E)The gametophyte is both larger than the sporophyte and can grow independently

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The part of the plant that conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves is the:

A)Xylem
B)Stomata
C)Root
D)Phloem
E)Cuticle

Question 5

A plant embryo (young sporophyte)packaged with a food supply in a tough outer coat is a:

A)Gemmae
B)Pollen grain
C)Seed
D)Sperm
E)Fruit

Question 6

The longest wavelength of visible sunlight is:

A)Blue
B)Violet
C)Red
D)Yellow

Question 7

The substance that strengthens and supports cell walls allowing plants to grow tall and upright is:

A)Algin
B)Agar
C)Chlorophyll
D)The carotenoids
E)Lignin

Question 8

The part of the plant that transports sugars produced by photosynthesis to the non-green parts of the plant is the:

A)Stomata
B)Root
C)Phloem
D)Xylem
E)Cuticle

Question 9

The organelle that contains chlorophyll a and carries out photosynthesis in plants is the:

A)Mitochondria
B)Chloroplast
C)Central vacuole
D)Cell membrane
E)Golgi body

Question 10

In dry weather plants reduce water loss by closing their:

A)Stomata
B)Cuticle
C)Cell membranes
D)Vascular tissues
E)None of the above are correct

Question 11

In plants:

A)The diploid zygote develops into the sporophyte
B)The haploid zygote develops into the sporophyte
C)The haploid gametophyte develops into the sporophyte
D)The diploid zygote develops into the gametophyte
E)The haploid gametophyte produces gametes by meiosis

Question 12

Most plants appear green because:

A)Chlorophyll is a pigment that reflects green wavelengths of light
B)Carotenoids are pigments that reflect green wavelengths of light
C)Carotenoids are pigments that absorb green wavelengths of light
D)Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs green wavelengths of light

Question 13

Which of the following is not a member of the gymnosperms?

A)Conifers
B)Ferns
C)Gnetophytes
D)Cycads
E)Ginkgos

Question 14

Cycads are:

A)Trees that produce flowers
B)Bryophytes
C)Trees that produce large cones
D)Algae
E)Ferns

Question 15

The four phyla of the gymnosperms are:

A)Monocotyledons, dicotyledons, conifers, and cycads
B)Horsetails, true ferns, whisk ferns, and club mosses
C)Conifers, monocotyledons, dicotyledons, and cycads
D)Mosses, liverworts, club mosses, and hornworts
E)Conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and gnetophytes

Question 16

The two types of vascular tissue in most plants are:

A)Lignin and xylem
B)Xylem and phloem
C)Lignin and phloem
D)Xylem and stomata
E)Stomata and lignin

Question 17

Conifers produce:

A)Both seeds and pollen in cones
B)Only seeds in cones
C)Only pollen in cones
D)Only flowers
E)Pollen in flowers and seeds in cones

Question 18

Which of the following is not a characteristic of all plants?

A)They are multicellular organisms
B)They are autotrophs
C)They are eukaryotes
D)They are heterotrophs
E)They carry out photosynthesis

Question 19

The term gymnosperm literally means:

A)Clothed ovule
B)Naked seed
C)Naked ovule
D)Clothed seed
E)Clothed sperm

Question 20

The part of the plant that allows for the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen is the:

A)Root
B)Stomata
C)Xylem
D)Phloem
E)Cuticle

Question 21

A gaseous hormone produced by plants that helps control fruit ripening is:

A)Dextrose
B)Carbon dioxide
C)Chlorophyll
D)Carotene
E)Ethylene

Question 22

Plants and algae most recently shared a common ancestor 480 million years ago,and plants colonized land shortly after that.Light,water,minerals,and dissolved gases surround the whole body of a submerged green alga,and the buoyancy of water provides physical support.What adaptation did plants have to make in taking up gasses without drying out when they moved to dry land?

A)Production of pollen
B)Development of stomata
C)Development of vascular tissue
D)Production of a cuticle
E)Production of lignin

Question 23

The first land plants were bryophytes,which then branched into ferns,gymnosperms,and finally angiosperms.What advantage did gymnosperms have over ferns?

A)Gymnosperms produce pollen and do not require water to reproduce
B)Gymnosperms go through alternation of generations
C)Gymnosperms have a vascular system, which allowed them to grow taller
D)The gymnosperms can grow larger gametophytes
E)Gymnosperms can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal

Question 24

Some evidence that algae are the closest relative to plants is that they both:

A)Have chloroplasts
B)Contain chlorophyll a
C)Have cellulose rich cell walls
D)Use starch as a nutrient reserve
E)All are correct

Question 25

The fruits of plants primarily function in:

A)Providing food for animals
B)Seed protection
C)Both protecting and dispersing seeds
D)Seed dispersal
E)Both feeding animals and protecting seeds

Question 26

The structure of the angiosperm that supplies nutrients to the germinating seedling is the:

A)Endosperm
B)Fruit
C)Seed coat
D)Spore coat
E)Pollen grain

Question 27

Flowers:

A)Are structures of plants that are only ornamental and have no reproductive value in plants
B)Produce both pollen and egg cells
C)Produce pollen only
D)Produce egg cells only
E)Are produced by both gymnosperms and angiosperms

Question 28

Fossil evidence places the origin of angiosperms in the early Cretaceous period,at least 130 million years ago.By 100 million years ago,all of today's major lineages of angiosperms were in place.Angiosperms make up 95% of all modern plant species.Which of the following may help explain the rapid success of angiosperms?

A)Competition with animals helped spread pollen and seeds
B)Animals eating the plants helped to disperse both pollen and seeds
C)Animals died off, allowing more plants to survive
D)Animals became carnivores, allowing plants to survive
E)Coevolution with animals helped spread pollen and seeds

Question 29

Plants and algae most recently shared a common ancestor 480 million years ago,and plants colonized land shortly after that.Light,water,minerals,and dissolved gases surround the whole body of a submerged green alga,and the buoyancy of water provides physical support.What adaptation did plants have to make in taking up water and minerals when they moved to dry land?

A)Development of stomata
B)Production of pollen
C)Development of vascular tissue
D)Production of a cuticle
E)Production of lignin

Question 30

Fossil evidence places the origin of angiosperms in the early Cretaceous period,at least 130 million years ago.By 100 million years ago,all of today's major lineages of angiosperms were in place.Angiosperms make up 95% of all modern plant species.Which of the following may help explain the rapid success of angiosperms?

A)Use of the wind to disperse pollen and seeds
B)Flowers and fruits help protect and disperse both pollen and seeds
C)Use of the wind to disperse spores
D)Use of water to disperse pollen and seeds
E)Animals eating the plants helped to disperse both pollen and seeds

Question 31

Plants and algae most recently shared a common ancestor 480 million years ago,and plants colonized land shortly after that.In sexual reproduction,an alga simply releases gametes into the water,and the current carries the sex cells to another individual.What adaptation did plants have to make in reproduction when they moved to dry land?

A)Development of stomata
B)Development of vascular tissue
C)Production of a cuticle
D)Production of pollen
E)Production of lignin

Question 32

The first land plants were bryophytes,which then branched into ferns,gymnosperms,and finally angiosperms.What advantage did ferns have over bryophytes?

A)The ferns were able to do photosynthesis
B)The ferns were also heterotrophs
C)Ferns have a vascular system, this allowed them to grow taller
D)Ferns do not require water to reproduce
E)Ferns go through alternation of generations

Question 33

A cotyledon is:

A)The first leaf structure to arise in the embryo of an angiosperm
B)A spore-like structure used for reproduction in plants
C)The fruit produced by flowers of angiosperms
D)A tissue fragment of tissue used for reproduction in bryophytes
E)The zygote formed in ferns from the union of two gametes

Question 34

In alternation of generations,a haploid gametophyte goes through mitosis to form a ____ gamete.

A)Haploid
B)Diploid
C)Tetraploid

Question 35

The two classes that make up the angiosperms are:

A)Mosses and club mosses
B)Ginkgos and cycads
C)Monocotyledons and dicotyledons
D)Horsetails and ferns
E)Conifers and gnetophytes

Question 36

The first land plants were bryophytes,which then branched into ferns,gymnosperms,and finally angiosperms.What advantage did angiosperms have over gymnosperms?

A)Angiosperms can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal
B)Angiosperms produce pollen and do not require water to reproduce
C)Angiosperms go through alternation of generations
D)Angiosperms have a vascular system, this allowed them to grow taller
E)The angiosperms can produce spores which are more stable than seeds from gymnosperms

Question 37

Flowers and fruits are unique to:

A)Angiosperms
B)Bryophytes
C)Gymnosperms
D)Conifers
E)Cycads

Question 38

In alternation of generations,a diploid sporophyte goes through meiosis to form ____ spores.

A)Diploid
B)Tetraploid
C)Haploid

Question 39

In alternation of generations,two haploid gametes fuse in fertilization to form a ____ zygote.

A)Haploid
B)Diploid
C)Tetraploid

Question 40

The adaptations that are most responsible for gymnosperms and angiosperms being able to live and reproduce in much drier habitats than bryophytes and plants such as club mosses are:

A)The production of spores and gemmae
B)The production of seeds, spores, and fronds
C)The production of vascular tissue, spores, fronds, and gemmae
D)The production of pollen grains and seeds
E)All of these are correct

Question 41

Why did the authors choose to look for the rubisco gene in their core samples?

A)Because plant cells do not have mitochondria
B)Because plant cells do not have a nucleus
C)Because it is used in respiration by all plants
D)Because it is used in photosynthesis by all plants
E)Because it is only present in angiosperms (flowering plants)

Question 42

Arabidopsis thaliana is a small angiosperm related to mustard.It is commonly used in plant research experiments.In one such experiment,an antifreeze protein from a species of bacteria was inserted into the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana,and the plants exposed to freezing temperatures.Plants without the antifreeze protein had 90% mortality,while those with the antifreeze protein only had 20% mortality.What was the dependent variable in this experiment?

A)The percent of the plants surviving
B)The temperature
C)The presence or absence of the antifreeze proteins
D)Arabidopsis thaliana
E)The bacteria

Question 43

What was the advantage of looking for DNA samples in permafrost?

A)Most plants and animals evolved in Siberia
B)It is easier to take solid core samples
C)The enzymes that make DNA are still active in the cells
D)The freezing temperatures preserves the DNA
E)Areas with permafrost are older than other parts of the world, allowing scientists to collect samples back 1.5 to 2 million years

Question 44

In angiosperms,pollen must go through mitosis to produce gametes.Therefore pollen is which of the following?

A)A sporophyte
B)A spore
C)A seed
D)Sperm
E)A gametophyte

Question 45

Why did the authors choose to look specifically for vertebrate mitochondrial genes in their core samples?

A)Because only vertebrates eat plants
B)Because plants also have mitochondria
C)Because animal cells do not have chloroplasts
D)Because animal cells do not have a nucleus
E)Because animals would have been present in Beringia before plants

Question 46

Arabidopsis thaliana is a small angiosperm related to mustard.It is commonly used in plant research experiments.In one such experiment,an antifreeze protein from a species of bacteria was inserted into the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana,and the plants exposed to freezing temperatures.Plants without the antifreeze protein had 90% mortality,while those with the antifreeze protein only had 20% mortality.Arabidopsis thaliana is not a crop plant,why would scientists perform this experiment in this plant?

A)Because crop plants are not killed by freezing
B)Because scientists hope to establish it as a crop plant
C)Because they cannot grow any other plants in the lab
D)Because other plants cannot express bacterial genes
E)Because it is an easy to grow model organism

Question 47

Which of the following was the last to appear in the fossil record?

A)Angiosperms (flowering plants)
B)Pines and other gymnosperms
C)Ferns and other seedless vascular plants
D)Mosses and other bryophytes

Question 48

Arabidopsis thaliana is a small angiosperm related to mustard.The fact that it has 139 genes that correspond to disease-causing genes in humans suggests which of the following?

A)Arabidopsis thaliana can cause diseases in humans
B)Arabidopsis thaliana and humans can swap genes through transduction
C)Humans and Arabidopsis thaliana share a common ancestor
D)Human and Arabidopsis thaliana cells have the same organelles
E)Arabidopsis thaliana evolved from humans

Question 49

figure 18.18
Of the three plants measured in figure 18.18,which requires water to allow sperm to swim to the egg?

A)Herbs (grasses)
B)Mosses
C)Shrubs

Question 50

Molecular evidence suggests that plants and green algae do not descend from a common ancestor.

Question 51

Arabidopsis thaliana is a small angiosperm related to mustard.It is commonly used in plant research experiments.In one such experiment,an antifreeze protein from a species of bacteria was inserted into the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana,and the plants exposed to freezing temperatures.Plants without the antifreeze protein had 90% mortality,while those with the antifreeze protein only had 20% mortality.If the bacterial protein functions in Arabidopsis thaliana which conclusion is supported?

A)The bacteria can infect plants
B)Both organisms have a nucleus
C)All plants are tolerant of freezing
D)Bacteria and plants could interbreed
E)Arabidopsis thaliana and the bacteria have similar genetic material

Question 52

figure 18.18
In suggesting alternative hypotheses to explain figure 18.18,your lab partner states that perhaps mosses didn't evolve until recently,which is why they increase after herbs and shrubs.Which of the following would be the best response to your lab partner?

A)Mosses were actually the first land plants to appear
B)Mosses are better adapted to dry climates
C)All land plants appeared at roughly the same time
D)If you look carefully at the graph, there were a few mosses present 300,000 years ago, so they probably arose then
E)Mammoths probably ate the mosses, so they did not appear until after the mammoths went extinct

Question 53

In bryophytes the sporophyte is conspicuous or dominant.

Question 54

Stomata allow plants to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen with the atmosphere.

Question 55

Grasses being replaced with shrubs over time is an example of which of the following?

A)Commensalism
B)Parasitism
C)Directional selection
D)Evolution
E)Succession

Question 56

Many fern gametophytes are hermaphrodytes,meaning they can produce both sperm and egg.Why is this necessary for a fern,but not for an angiosperm?

A)If a seed colonized a new habitat alone, it could still reproduce
B)The gametophyte could produce multiple types of spores
C)The gametophyte could produce multiple types of seeds
D)If a spore colonized a new habitat alone, it could still reproduce
E)Angiosperm gametes are already diploid

Question 57

What is the advantage of producing a seed over a spore?

A)Seeds are diploid, and can grow directly into a sporophyte
B)Seeds are haploid, and can grow directly into a sporophyte
C)Seeds are diploid, and can grow directly into a gametophyte
D)Seeds are haploid, and can grow directly into a gametophyte

Question 58

figure 18.18
In figure 18.18,the decrease of herbs (grasses)and increase in mosses would suggest that the climate in Siberia has become __________ in the past 10,000 years.

A)Dryer
B)Hotter
C)Colder
D)Wetter

Question 59

Mosses are an example of which of the following?

A)Autotrophs
B)Primary consumers
C)Detritovores
D)Decomposers
E)Heterotrophs

Question 60

Given the abundance of herbs and grasses and lack of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA in samples from Siberia 300-400,000 years ago,which of the following groups of animals was most likely to be present?

A)Mammals
B)Arthropods (insects)
C)Birds
D)Amphibians
E)Reptiles