Deck 25: Infectious Diseases Supplement

Question 1

A disease is called an epidemic if people all over the world have the same disease.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: A disease is called an epidemic if there are more cases of the disease than expected in a certain area for a certain period.

Question 2

If an epidemic is confined to a local area,it is usually called

A) an opportunistic infection.
B) a pandemic.
C) an outbreak.
D) a slow infection.
E) a chronic infection.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: If the epidemic is confined to a local area, it is usually called an outbreak.

Question 3

Which of the following diseases is categorized as an opportunistic infection found in AIDS patients?

A) prolonged diarrhea
B) yeast infections of the mouth or vagina
C) cervical dysplasia
D) shingles
E) Kaposi's sarcoma

Answer 3

E
Explanation: Kaposi's sarcoma is an opportunistic illness that categorizes an HIV infection as AIDS.

Question 4

Why would an HIV test be negative within the first 2-3 weeks of an HIV infection?

A) because there is no HIV virus in the blood
B) because there are no detectable levels of HIV antibodies in the blood
C) because there are no symptoms
D) because the CD4 T-cell count is above 500 cells/mm³
E) because there are no opportunistic infections yet

Question 5

Which of the following is important for the attachment stage of the HIV life cycle?

A) acquisition of an envelope from the host
B) gp120 spike proteins
C) cleavage of the proteins by protease
D) integration of the viral DNA into the host genome
E) uncoating

Question 6

There is no cure for AIDS.

Question 7

The vast majority of new HIV infections are in people under the age of 15.

Question 8

There are normally 1-2 cases of measles per month in a particular city.However,in the month of September,there were 15 cases.Is this an epidemic?

Question 9

When was the first documented case of AIDS in the United States?

A) 1884
B) 1924
C) 1959
D) 1969
E) 1982

Question 10

Place the steps in the HIV life cycle in the correct order.1.Assembly; 2.Integration; 3.Entry; 4.Fusion; 5.Attachment; 6.Budding; 7.Biosynthesis and cleavage; 8.Reverse transcription

A) 1,3,2,4,5,7,6,8
B) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
C) 8,1,7,2,6,3,5,4
D) 4,6,3,7,2,8,1,5
E) 5,4,3,8,2,7,1,6

Question 11

What type of cells does HIV infect?

A) helper T cells
B) B cells
C) liver cells
D) epithelial cells
E) basophils

Question 12

How does HIV know what cells to infect?

A) It can infect any cell it comes in contact with.
B) It can only infect cells on the surface of the body where the temperature is lower.
C) It can only infect cells that are actively growing and dividing.
D) It infects cells with a particular surface receptor.
E) It only infects cells with that line the reproductive tract.

Question 13

In the "kitchen-sink model" for AIDS,what does the sink's drain represent?

A) the destruction of CD4 T-cells by the virus
B) the production of new CD4 T-cells
C) the amplification of virus in the blood
D) the destruction of virus by the immune system
E) the wide variety of possible opportunistic infections

Question 14

Which of the following is not a layer of the protein coat that surrounds the HIV genetic material?

A) matrix
B) capsid
C) nucleocapsid
D) protease

Question 15

The HIV virus contains a genome composed of

A) double stranded DNA.
B) single stranded RNA.
C) double stranded RNA.
D) single stranded RNA.

Question 16

In which phase of an HIV infection is the person typically asymptomatic?

A) acute phase (A)
B) chronic phase (B)
C) AIDS (C)

Question 17

HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis are both examples of current

A) outbreaks.
B) epidemics.
C) pandemics.
D) opportunistic infections.
E) acute infections.

Question 18

Which of the following is not important for making HIV a retrovirus?

A) reverse transcriptase
B) RNA genome
C) an envelope obtained from the host
D) the production of viral DNA

Question 19

Infection with HIV is listed as the cause of death for an AIDS patient.

Question 20

Patient X has 150 CD4 T-cells per mm³.What phase of an HIV infection is this patient in?

A) acute phase (A)
B) chronic phase (B)
C) AIDS (C)

Question 21

Tuberculosis is caused by a

A) virus.
B) bacterium.
C) fungi.
D) protist.
E) worm.

Question 22

How is malaria spread?

A) via airborne droplets
B) by blood transfusions
C) sexual intercourse
D) breast feeding
E) mosquitoes

Question 23

An emerging disease is one that

A) is newly recognized in the last two decades.
B) has suddenly caused an epidemic.
C) is now present on multiple continents.
D) can infect both humans and animals.
E) can be transmitted in multiple ways.

Question 24

Unlike AIDS,both tuberculosis and malaria can be cured.

Question 25

HIV strains may differ by 10% within one person and by 35% in people across the globe.This is due to

A) both cellular and antibody-mediated responses.
B) the fact that HIV inserts its genome into the host genome.
C) HIV's high rate of mutation.
D) the fact that HIV targets T-cells.
E) the fact that most people do not die from HIV infection.

Question 26

Where does the life cycle of the Plasmodium protist take place?

A) mosquito
B) human
C) both mosquito and human

Question 27

Streptococcus is now considered to be a reemerging pathogen.

Question 28

What are the symptoms of a TB infection?

A) rash over the trunk, fever
B) opportunistic infections, chronic diarrhea
C) bad cough, chest pain, coughing up blood or sputum
D) runny nose, sore throat, post-nasal drip
E) lethargy, general malaise

Question 29

AIDS is the new name for what used to be called consumption.

Question 30

How is Mycobacterium tuberculosis spread?

A) via airborne droplets
B) contaminated food or water
C) sexual intercourse
D) IV drug abuse
E) blood transfusions

Question 31

A vaccine for HIV would be the cure for AIDS science has been looking for.

Question 32

Of the following modes of HIV transmission,which is the least common mode and rare in many countries?

A) transfusions of infected blood
B) vaginal/rectal intercourse with an infected person
C) needle sharing among IV drug users
D) babies born to HIV infected women
E) oral-genital contact with an infected person

Question 33

The organism that causes malaria is a

A) virus.
B) bacterium.
C) protist.
D) fungi.
E) worm.

Question 34

As of yet,there have been no Phase III vaccine trials for an HIV vaccine.

Question 35

Most people with malaria exhibit chills and fevers every 48-72 hours.This is due to

A) reinfection with new Plasmodium.
B) the bursting of the red blood cells in the body.
C) the formation of Plasmodium gametes within the body.
D) the fusion of the male and female Plasmodium gametes to form new organisms.
E) waves of activity by the body's B- and T-cells.

Question 36

On average,how long has the immune system been able to successfully and effectively delay the onset of AIDS in 60% of people who are HIV infected?

A) 1 year
B) 2 years
C) 5 years
D) 10 years
E) 20 or more years

Question 37

The rhesus monkey is the ideal animal model for AIDS vaccine testing.

Question 38

How long does the treatment for TB take?

A) 1-2 days
B) 1-2 weeks
C) 1 month
D) 2 months
E) 6+ months

Question 39

The envelope of the HIV virus is actually part of the host cell plasma membrane.

Question 40

The drugs that treat malaria can be used prophylactically,or before infection.

Question 41

What do MDR TB and MRSA have in common?

A) They are both transmitted by mosquito bites.
B) They both cause tuberculosis.
C) They are both multiple drug resistant bacteria.
D) Infections with both of these have declined dramatically in recent years.
E) They are both viruses.

Question 42

Legionnaires' disease emerged in 1976 due to

A) exposure to wild monkeys.
B) consuming horseshoe bats.
C) mutation of the influenza virus.
D) contamination of an air-conditioning system.
E) abuse of antibiotics.

Question 43

There is no point in taking antibiotics for a cold.

Question 44

Which of the following is an unwise use of antibiotics?

A) Discontinue the antibiotics when you feel better.
B) Do not take antibiotics for a viral infection.
C) Do not save unused antibiotics.
D) Do not skip doses of antiobiotic.
E) Take the antibiotics only for the infection for which they were prescribed.

Question 45

MRSA can be fatal.

Question 46

Why is Helicobacter pylori considered an emerging disease?

A) It is highly antibiotic resistant.
B) Ulcers were not known to have an infectious cause until recently.
C) It is now present on all of the continents.
D) It can jump from humans to pigs and back again.
E) It had declined in the 1960s but appears to be back again.

Question 47

The uses of antibiotics does not cause antibiotic resistance,it just selects for those organisms that are already resistant.

Question 48

How long did it take for bacteria to develop resistance to penicillin?

A) 6 months
B) 1 year
C) 4 years
D) 10 years
E) 25 years

Question 49

How many different "lines" of antibiotics do we have against TB?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5 or more

Question 50

SARS is thought to have arisen in China due to the consumption of civets.

Question 51

People can become resistant to antibiotics.

Question 52

Once SARS appeared in China,how long did it take for it to reach nine other countries/provinces via air travel?

A) 3 months
B) 6 months
C) 1 year
D) 2 years
E) 5 years