Deck 19: Cancer

Question 1

Contact inhibition means that

A) there are more chromosomes within the nucleus than there should be.
B) cells are able to divide without the presence of stimulatory growth factors.
C) cells only divide a certain specified number of times and then quit.
D) when cells come in contact with a neighbor, they stop dividing.
E) cells have gained the ability to invade lymphatic and blood vessels.

Answer 1

D
Explanation: Contact inhibition is a characteristic of normal cells. When they come in contact with a neighboring cell, they stop dividing.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a type of proto-oncogene?

A) the gene for cyclin D
B) growth factor receptor genes
C) the gene that codes for Ras proteins
D) growth factor genes
E) the gene for p53

Answer 2

E
Explanation: The gene for p53 encodes a tumor suppressor, not a proto-oncogene.

Question 3

Hodgkin lymphomas develop from

A) cells of the liver and spleen.
B) all types of white blood cells.
C) B or T cells.
D) mutated B cells.
E) bladder epithelial cells.

Answer 3

D
Explanation: Hodgkin lymphomas develop from mutated B cells.

Question 4

What was the name of the first gene associated with breast cancer?

A) RB
B) RET
C) p53
D) cyclin D
E) BRCA1

Question 5

Cancers of epithelial tissues are called

A) leukemias.
B) sarcomas.
C) carcinomas.
D) lymphomas.
E) blastomas.

Question 6

What type of cancer causes the most deaths in males?

A) prostate
B) lung and bronchus
C) colon and rectum
D) pancreas
E) esophagus

Question 7

The ends of the chromosomes are "capped" with special repetitive DNA sequences called

A) radiata.
B) telomeres.
C) centromeres.
D) oncogenes.
E) suppressor genes.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells that distinguishes it from normal cells?

A) Cancer cells lack differentiation.
B) Cancer cells have abnormal nuclei.
C) Cancer cells utilize mitosis to divide.
D) Cancer cells have an unlimited potential to replicate.
E) Cancer cells form tumors.

Question 9

Proto-oncogenes

A) code for proteins that promote the cell cycle.
B) promote apoptosis.
C) become tumor suppressor genes when mutated.
D) are considered "loss-of-function" mutations.
E) code for angiogenic growth factors.

Question 10

Both heredity and environmental risk factors come into play in the development of cancer.

Question 11

What is the most common cancer found in males?

A) colon and rectum
B) urinary bladder
C) melanoma of the skin
D) oral cavity
E) prostate

Question 12

Tumor suppressor genes are often likened to the gas pedal of a car.

Question 13

Which is responsible for more cancer deaths in women: breast,colon and rectum,pancreas,or ovary?

A) breast
B) colon and rectum
C) pancreas
D) ovary

Question 14

Which of the following is not a stage in carcinogenesis?

A) initiation
B) promotion
C) progression
D) differentiation

Question 15

Which accounts for more cancer deaths in males: bladder,pancreas,esophagus,or prostate?

A) bladder
B) pancreas
C) esophagus
D) prostate

Question 16

Cancer is a single disease that affects one in three Americans.

Question 17

A benign tumor is not dangerous because it cannot metastasize.

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics is not associated with metastasis?

A) The internal cytoskeleton is disorganized.
B) The cancer cells lack intact actin filament bundles.
C) Invasive cancer cells are sperm-shaped.
D) Cancer cells produce proteinase enzymes.
E) The low oxygen content in the middle of a tumor may turn on genes for angiogenesis.

Question 19

If a tumor suppressor gene becomes mutated,which of the following is not true?

A) Apoptosis is less likely to occur.
B) The cell cycle continues when it should not.
C) A "gain-of function" mutation has occurred.
D) Genes that encode enzymes that repair DNA are not turned on.
E) Genes that stop the cell cycle are not turned on.

Question 20

How many Americans will deal with cancer in their lifetime?

A) all
B) 1 in 2
C) 1 in 3
D) 1 in 4
E) 1 in 5

Question 21

Thus far no evidence has been found that nonionizing radiation,such as the energy given off by cell phones,causes cancer.

Question 22

Epstein-Barr virus is routinely isolated from cases of cervical cancers.

Question 23

If you have one of the seven warning signals in CAUTION,this means that you have cancer.

Question 24

Which of the following is not one of the things to watch for in a mole?

A) asymmetry
B) irregular border
C) a solid color, usually brown
D) larger than 6 mm
E) elevated above the skin surface

Question 25

Which of the following dietary changes will not reduce your risk of developing cancer?

A) Increase your consumption of dark green, leafy vegetables, carrots, and various fruits.
B) Avoid obesity.
C) Decrease your consumption of high-fiber foods.
D) Drink alcohol only in moderation.
E) Avoid ham and sausage.

Question 26

Currently most cancers are diagnosed before metastasis.

Question 27

A mole becomes suspicious when it is greater than 6 mm in diameter.How big is 6 mm approximately?

A) just barely visible, about the size of a pin prick
B) about the same as one of the letters in this question
C) about the size of a pencil eraser
D) about the size of a nickel
E) about the size of a quarter

Question 28

The earlier a cancer is detected,the more likely it can be effectively treated.

Question 29

Which of the following is not a protective behavior that will help prevent cancer?

A) Don't use tobacco.
B) Increase consumption of salt-cured, smoked, and nitrite-cured foods.
C) Don't sunbathe.
D) Avoid radiation.
E) Increase consumption of vegetables from the cabbage family.

Question 30

In the case of a proto-oncogene like RET,both copies of the gene must be mutated to increase a predisposition to cancer.

Question 31

The American Cancer Society publicizes seven warning signals,which spell out the word CAUTION.The "C" in CAUTION stands for change in

A) skin coloring.
B) bowel or bladder habits.
C) sensitivity to heat or cold.
D) sleep habits.
E) eating habits.

Question 32

What do BRCA1 and RB have in common?

A) Both cause breast cancer.
B) Both cause eye cancers.
C) Both are oncogenes.
D) Both are tumor suppressors.
E) Both are inherited as autosomal dominant traits.

Question 33

Which of the following is not a type of ionizing radiation?

A) ultraviolet radiation
B) radon gas
C) nuclear fuel
D) X-rays

Question 34

If you only inherit one mutated copy of BRCA1 and the other copy is normal,you will not develop breast cancer.

Question 35

Which of the following tests is not used to screen for colon cancer?

A) blood test
B) digital examination
C) flexible sigmoidoscopy
D) fecal occult blood test

Question 36

Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer.

Question 37

Which of the following is not one of the seven warning signs?

A) a cut that bleeds
B) change in bowel or bladder habits
C) thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
D) indigestion or difficulty swallowing
E) obvious change in wart or mole

Question 38

Which of the following is not found in tobacco smoke?

A) vinyl chloride
B) N-nitrosonornicotine
C) asbestos
D) benzo(a)pyrene

Question 39

A Pap test looks for what type of cancer?

A) skin cancer
B) esophageal cancer
C) bladder cancer
D) cervical cancer
E) colon cancer

Question 40

A carcinogen is not a mutagen.

Question 41

Which type of test is particularly useful in analyzing tumors in tissues surrounded by bone?

A) X-ray
B) CAT scan
C) MRI
D) PSA
E) Pap test

Question 42

Taxol is used to treat what type of cancer?

A) leukemia
B) lymphoma
C) testicular cancer
D) colon cancer
E) ovarian cancer

Question 43

What is the survival rate for children with childhood leukemia?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 80%
E) 99%

Question 44

Which treatment does not work for leukemia?

A) surgery
B) radiation therapy
C) chemotherapy

Question 45

What type of screening test could be used to determine the likelihood that someone might develop cancer?

A) PAP test
B) PSA test
C) CEA test
D) genetic test
E) tumor marker test

Question 46

Antiangiogenic drugs cause cytotoxic T cells to attack tumor cells.

Question 47

Which of the following is not a type of immunotherapy?

A) cancer vaccines
B) anti-p53 engineered adenovirus
C) cytokine therapy
D) monoclonal antibodies
E) genetically engineered antigen presenting cells

Question 48

When should screening for colorectal cancer begin?

A) in 20s
B) in 30s
C) in 40s
D) in 50s
E) in 60s

Question 49

Unfortunately,the cancer in Ted's body had spread to multiple sites.Which is the most viable treatment option to handle Ted's cancer?

A) surgery
B) radiation therapy
C) chemotherapy

Question 50

Which two tests are done for prostate cancer?

A) mammography, fecal occult blood test
B) digital rectal examination, Pap test
C) PSA, testicle self-examination
D) digital rectal examination, PSA
E) testicle self-examination, fecal occult blood test

Question 51

If the gene for telomerase is turned off in a cell,this is an indication this is a cancer cell.

Question 52

How often should a woman do a shower self-examination of her breasts for lumps,knots,or changes?

A) daily
B) once a week
C) once a month
D) once every 6 months
E) once a year

Question 53

If you receive the new vaccine against HPV,then you do not need to get Pap tests anymore.

Question 54

Which of the following is a side effect of radiation therapy that is not also a side effect of chemotherapy?

A) nausea, vomiting
B) dry, red, irritated skin and/or blisters
C) diarrhea
D) fatigue and weakness
E) weight loss and hair loss

Question 55

When the p53 gene is overexpressed in normal cells,the cells are killed.

Question 56

Which of the following is not a standard therapy for cancer treatment?

A) immunotherapy
B) surgery
C) radiation therapy
D) chemotherapy

Question 57

Melacine,used against melanoma,is a type of cancer vaccine.

Question 58

Ionizing radiation both causes cancer and can be used to treat cancer.

Question 59

Which of the following is not a type of chemotherapy?

A) alkylating agents
B) antimetabolites
C) antitumor antibiotics
D) bone marrow transplants
E) mitotic inhibitors

Question 60

What type of test is a CEA test?

A) self-examination
B) a type of prostate cancer test
C) a type of cervical cancer test
D) a genetic test
E) a tumor marker test