Deck 28: Responses to Global Crisis, 1920 - 1939

Question 1

 As a liberal Muslim,Edib had her feet in two worlds,as exhibited by which of the following?

A)She was allowed to keep a job after her marriage.
B)She married a non-Muslim and had two children.
C)She would not accept her husband's second marriage,which was acceptable to Islam.
D)She became a recluse after her separation.
E)She refused to allow her husband to remarry.

Answer 1

She would not accept her husband's second marriage,which was acceptable to Islam.

Question 2

 Halide Edib was like Gandhi,whose primary method was peaceful political change and whose primary goal was

A)national independence
B)equality for women.
C)social justice.
D)the use of violent means to attain independence.
E)independence by supporting fascism.

Answer 2

national independence

Question 3

 The middle class,who initially supported Mussolini,grew disenchanted with his use of

A)rhetoric.
B)propaganda.
C)patriotism.
D)violence.
E)compromise.

Answer 3

violence.

Question 4

 The collapse of the American stock market became a full-scale economic crisis because

A)America had too much industry.
B)workers lost confidence in industry and refused to work.
C)great disparity of American wealth.
D)banks refused to loan out money.
E)factories closed down as raw materials became unavailable.

Question 5

 Which of the following is associated with Mussolini?

A)Strength through unity.
B)Organization of the Blackshirts.
C)All of the answers are correct. 
D)Control of unions,strikes,and disaffected farm laborers.
E)Passionate speeches,patriotic flag waving,and marching.

Question 6

 In the 1930s,India's "distress gold" was associated with

A)families selling jewelry to avoid loss of their land.
B)the drop in value of commercial crops.
C)decreased dowry payments.
D)cancelled or delayed marriages.
E)All of the answers are correct. 

Question 7

 In Edib's book,Inside India,emphasis is placed on

A)judging the future by travels in Russia.
B)speculating how Turkey will be able to regain the glories of the Ottoman Empire.
C)India's attempt to restore the Moghul dynasty.
D)judging the future by travels to America.
E)how much must one see to determine the workings of history.

Question 8

 By the early 1930s,the major powers were taking protectionist measures and the world became locked in a vicious cycle of deflation and a downward spiral of both wages and prices as a result of

A)free-market practices.
B)high tariffs.
C)union uprisings.
D)Britain's opening its colonial markets to the global market.
E)the spread of communist revolutions in various European nations.

Question 9

 Which of the following is associated with the direct and immediate causes of the Great Depression?

A)American stocks lost half of its value.
B)Massive unemployment in industrial countries.
C)Plummeting agricultural prices.
D)All of the answers are correct. 
E)The complicated system of the international debt structure that emerged after World War I.

Question 10

 Turkey's Mustafa Kemal used a system of ____ which used high tariffs to nurture the development of industrial growth internally.

A)free-market trade
B)stopping all foreign trade
C)import substitution
D)barter
E)preferred trade markets

Question 11

 Edib's life involved which of the following? 

A)all of the answers are correct.
B)tutoring by an English governess.
C)remaining a Muslim all her life.
D)being a child of privilege.
E)being the daughter of an important Ottoman official.

Question 12

 How were Africa and Africans affected by the global depression in general and the depressed agricultural prices in particular?

A)Since prices for tropical goods remained steady,most Africans did not have a drop in income.
B)Colonial governments increased taxes on peasant farmers to make up for other economic losses.
C)The British welfare system,enacted in Britain,was extended to its African colonies.
D)Africans were forced to plant cash crops.
E)Most African peasants resorted to subsistence farming.

Question 13

 What was associated with Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal Program?

A)Works Progress Administration.
B)Agricultural subsidies.
C)Recognition of unions.
D)All of the answers are correct. 
E)Banking reforms.

Question 14

 Although communism and fascism hated each other with a passion,they shared what common hate and enemy?

A)Liberal democracy.
B)Social democracy.
C)Capitalism.
D)Religion.
E)League of Nations.

Question 15

 Even in the most liberal societies,where private enterprise and individual liberty were well established, the war and depression created

A)a call for a Soviet-type economy.
B)increased government intervention.
C)anti-liberal feelings.
D)the rise of autocratic leaders.
E)self-governing labor communes.

Question 16

 Brazil was hard hit by the global market by the decrease in demand for

A)coffee.
B)rubber.
C)sugar.
D)cocoa.
E)tropical woods.

Question 17

 What did fascists incorporate in their idea of the perfect state?

A)Leaders should take into consideration the self-interests of the individual.
B)The role of the state should express the will of the individual.
C)The equality of world nations should be achieved in the League of Nations.
D)National greatness would be achieved by the state organizing the collective will.
E)Racial tolerance would be achieved.

Question 18

 What patterns of government intervention unfolded in France,Britain and other newly developing socialist nations in Europe?

A)Comprehensive educational system.
B)Building large militaries.
C)Health care.
D)Unemployment insurance.
E)Housing subsidies.

Question 19

 The major goal of Edib during World War I was

A)the defeat of the German armies in the Middle East.
B)to regain territory lost to Austria-Hungary.
C)the defeat of the British forces in the Middle East.
D)Turkish nationalism.
E)eliminating the threat of expansionist Russia.

Question 20

 One of the sources of Mussolini's bitterness in the 1920's was

A)his conviction that industrialization had weakened Italy's morale.
B)the poor way Italy was treated at the Paris Peace Conference.
C)his belief that the Italian military had fought well in World War I without winning land.
D)his conviction that the colonies only hurt Italy by distracting it economically.
E)his feeling that Germany had betrayed Italy in the First World War.

Question 21

 The concept of das Volk is associated with which of the following?

A)It explains that the people are as a mass.
B)All Germans are related by a racial destiny.
C)Not living up to the ideal of the Nazis means excision.
D)Germans are defined as the superior descendents of the ancient Aryans.
E)All of the answers are correct. 

Question 22

 Hitler's edicts

A)abolished political parties.
B)restricted the authority of religious leaders. 
C)centralized government structure on Berlin.
D)began to scapegoat the Jews.
E)All of the answers are correct. 

Question 23

 While some Italians were supportive,and some - especially communists - paid for their opposition with their lives,what was the general Italian reaction to Mussolini?

A)Violent protest rallies against his attack on Ethiopia.
B)Going on with their daily lives.
C)Joining underground communist groups.
D)Wildly joining the Italian army and calling for the revival of the Roman Empire.
E)Demanding the removal of Mussolini by the Italian king.

Question 24

 Which of the following describe Hitler's beliefs and attitude toward Jews? 

A)all of the answers are correct. 
B)Jews were a threat to national security in Germany.
C)Jews were the personification of the devil and evil.
D)the Nazis fell back on historical bigotry against Jews in Germany.
E)the violent belief that races should not mix.

Question 25

 Mussolini replaced autonomous organizations and affiliations with this system in which the state itself organized all citizens involved in a common undertaking

A)military associations.
B)corporations.
C)youth organizations.
D)labor unions.
E)international social cells.

Question 26

 As Hitler's power grew,he received most of his support from 

A)the lower middle class.
B)young people,caught up in Hitler's emotionalism.
C)all of the answers are correct. 
D)Germans under thirty years old.
E)Germans who opposed communist ideology.

Question 27

 Which of the following are associated with the intense industrialization of Stalin's Russia? 

A)gulags.
B)non-Russian parts of the Soviet Union were exploited for their natural resources.
C)all of the answers are correct.
D)wages being kept low to reinvest in industry.
E)industrial and environmental pollution.

Question 28

 Kristallnacht (Crystal Night)involved the

A)massive exodus of Jews out of Germany to Europe and America.
B)burning of all Jewish synagogues.
C)destruction of the windows of Jewish synagogues,stores,and private homes.
D)round up of Jewish religious leaders.
E)massive rallies of Jews protesting Hitler's religious intolerance.

Question 29

 What would likely happen to anyone who questioned the communist party's authority is Stalinist Russia?

A)Exiled for life.
B)Imprisoned in a gulag,the vast system of slave-labor camps
C)Allowed to join another political party.
D)Questioned by police but tolerated.
E)Fined and denied employment.

Question 30

 Which of the following is associated with Germany before Hitler?

A)Germans were humiliated by the Versailles Treaty.
B)Reparations devastated German recovery.
C)The Great Depression ended German economic recovery.
D)All of the answers are correct. 
E)German fascist and communist groups were gaining in strength.

Question 31

 By ____,Mussolini consolidated his power,arrested opponents,outlawed political parties,and ruled as an authoritarian dictator.

A)1920
B)1939
C)1935
D)1940
E)1926

Question 32

 Which of the following is associated with Hitler's dictatorship?

A)Part of his appeal was negative,appealing to the fears of the Germans.
B)He promised a return to the simplicity and virtues of the past.
C)German unemployment dropped and the government worked closely with corporations.
D)All of the answers are correct. 
E)Politics took on a theatrical and religious function.

Question 33

 Soviet collectivization was a reform policy of Stalin that

A)was exactly opposite to the land policy of Lenin.
B)moved populations to new industrial areas.
C)was supposed to increase industrial output.
D)would use farmland for cash crops.
E)created a large military force.

Question 34

 To achieve military prestige,Mussolini attacked ____,avenging an 1896 defeat.

A)Switzerland
B)Albania
C)Greece
D)Ethiopia
E)Sardinia

Question 35

 What was the result of the Reichstag Building fire a month after Hitler took office?

A)All German communists were arrested.
B)German Jews were rounded up for interrogation.
C)Communist members of the Reichstag were arrested and the constitution was suspended.
D)Germany was placed under martial law.
E)President Hindenburg was dismissed from the government as incompetent.

Question 36

 Which of the following groups were targets of this statement,"Stalin was waging war on his own people by using the Red Army and secret police."

A)Peasant farmers.
B)Kulaks.
C)Ukrainians.
D)Bolsheviks.
E)All of the answers are correct. 

Question 37

 Even as the threat of German militarization and potential invasion of Russia grew,Stalin

A)ordered the killing and imprisonment of his generals.
B)ordered the invasion of Poland.
C)decreased the size of his military.
D)stopped the Great Purge.
E)allied with the Ottoman Empire.

Question 38

 Hitler promised a Third Reich ("Third Empire")that would last

A)forever.
B)1000 years.
C)as long as there was a Germany under the Nazi Party.
D)as long as the Roman Empire.
E)until revenge was complete for the Treaty of Versailles.

Question 39

 The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 forbade ____ between Jews and non-Jewish Germans.?

A)business transactions
B)intermarriage
C)speaking to each other in public
D)wearing the same clothes.
E)sharing a train car

Question 40

 In order to form a coalition government,President Hindenburg reluctantly made Hitler chancellor 

A)in 1940.
B)in 1930.
C)in 1925.
D)in 1933.
E)immediately after the Stock Market Crash.

Question 41

 Which of the following brought the United States into direct military confrontation with Germany?

A)Chamberlain's active appeasement.
B)Occupation of the Rhineland by Germany.
C)Czechoslovakia.
D)Hitler and Stalin's nonaggression pact.
E)None of these.

Question 42

 In which way was Nehru different from Gandhi?

A)The Indian National Congress should be open to members of all faiths.
B)The moral transformation of Indian society was a necessary prerequisite for self-rule.
C)The future of India lay in simple village communities.
D)The Indian National Congress should be a strictly Hindu group.
E)Nehru envisioned a secular state in which religion would play no part.

Question 43

Please define the following key terms.

- Benito Mussolini

Question 44

 Which of the following is an example of European powers' reticence to allow independence to Africans and Asians? 

A)French colonialists treatment of people as indigenes. 
B)Dutch resistance of Dutch-educated natives becoming social equals to their colonizers. 
C)British resistance to assimilation of British-educated Nigerians and Burmese. 
D)British hesitancy to allow India self-rule. 
E)All of the answers are correct. 

Question 45

 Kemal's plan for the rapid modernization of Turkey involved many social and religious reforms.Despite their differences,which of Kemal's reforms did the chapter traveler,Edib,agree with?

A)Expanded education for girls.
B)Outlawing polygamy.
C)Women's right to vote.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)expansion of liberal democracy. 

Question 46

Please define the following key terms.

- Welfare State

Question 47

 Japan,like Italy and Germany,benefited from its aggressive militaristic-nationalistic policies because of which of the following? 

A)big corporations profited from lucrative government policies and military spending.
B)the acquisition of Manchuria boosted the economy.
C)employment increased.
D)all of the following. 
E)public support for the ultranationalist government increased.

Question 48

Please define the following key terms.

- Halide Edib

Question 49

 Which of the following were the results of Gandhi's Salt March? 

A)all of the answers are correct. 
B)international press coverage.
C)the British jailing Congress leaders.
D)Government of India Act.
E)the Congress Party winning huge victories in ensuing elections.

Question 50

Please define the following key terms.

- Nationalism

Question 51

Please define the following key terms.

- Fascism

Question 52

Please define the following key terms.

- Great Depression

Question 53

Please define the following key terms.

- Franklyn Delano Roosevelt

Question 54

 The Spanish Civil War involved the republican government,which was supported by ____,against fascist Franco,who was supported by Mussolini and Hitler.

A)the Soviet Union
B)America
C)France
D)England
E)Portugal

Question 55

 On what basis did Britain insist it was necessary to keep a presence in India?

A)India was an important military area for the British.
B)India was in danger from the Japanese.
C)Religious divisions in India required that the British remain as a neutral arbiter.
D)Economically,the British textile industry got all of its cotton from India.
E)The British government feared the interference of France.

Question 56

 What was one of the causes that,in 1920,led the Indian National Congress to press for Hind Swaraj?

A)The decline of the power of Gandhi.
B)An increase in Indian autonomy in its affairs.
C)Rewards for Indian participation in World War I for the British.
D)The Amritsar massacre.
E)The decline of the influence of the Indian National Congress.

Question 57

 Kemal banned the political party of Edib because she

A)wanted Kemal to become a dictator.
B)favored liberal democracy.
C)wanted to restore the Ottomans.
D)thought Turkey was too big and needed to be divided.
E)favored using shari'a,or Islamic law,for the state.

Question 58

Please define the following key terms.

- New Deal

Question 59

 Which of the following is associated with the support for changes in Japan's government after the market collapse of 1929?

A)A new emperor,whose role was ceremonial,took the throne.
B)The power and influence of the zaibatsu in the government.
C)Increased power of civil service bureaucrats.
D)The requirement that an active military officer serve as Minister of Defense.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 60

Please define the following key terms.

- Communism

Question 61

Please define the following key terms.

- Mohandes Gandhi

Question 62

Please define the following key terms.

- Mustafa Kemal

Question 63

Please define the following key terms.

- Adolf Hitler

Question 64

Please define the following key terms.

- Invasion of Manchuria

Question 65

Please define the following key terms.

- das Volk

Question 66

Please define the following key terms.

- Joseph Stalin

Question 67

Please define the following key terms.

- Corporations

Question 68

Please define the following key terms.

- Great Purge

Question 69

Please define the following key terms.

- Aryan

Question 70

Please define the following key terms.

- Zaibatsu

Question 71

Please define the following key terms.

- Hirohito

Question 72

Please define the following key terms.

- Nuremberg Laws

Question 73

Please define the following key terms.

- National Socialist Party

Question 74

Please define the following key terms.

- Chancellor

Question 75

Please define the following key terms.

- Jews

Question 76

Please define the following key terms.

- Crystal Night

Question 77

Please define the following key terms.

- Indian National Congress

Question 78

Please define the following key terms.

- Reichstag Fire

Question 79

Please define the following key terms.

- Gulags

Question 80

Please define the following key terms.

- Collectivization