Deck 11: Stress and Worker Well-Being

Question 1

Which of these is an example of an emotion-related strain?

A)ineffective performance
B)depression
C)increased illnesses
D)role variables

Answer 1

depression

Question 2

Josie has low motivation because she doesn't get along with her boss, doesn't know what she is supposed to do in her role, and has few choices over how she completes her work. This lack of motivation is referred to as:

A)strain.
B)stress.
C)anxiety.
D)cognitive dissonance.

Answer 2

strain.

Question 3

According to the general model of stress, there are four stressors: intrinsic work factors, role variables, career development and:

A)coping
B)depression
C)self-esteem
D)interpersonal relationships

Answer 3

interpersonal relationships

Question 4

Which of these is a category of work strain?

A)contextual strain
B)emotional strain
C)biological strain
D)aggression

Question 5

Pam, a dental hygienist, is never sure what her bosses (the dentists) expect from her. She is likely experiencing:

A)role ambiguity.
B)role conflict.
C)role confusion.
D)job conflict.

Question 6

Which of these is an example of a physiological strain?

A)chest pains
B)depression
C)lack of motivation
D)ineffective performance

Question 7

The process of stressors leading to strain is what we generally refer to as:

A)coping.
B)stress.
C)dissatisfaction.
D)burnout.

Question 8

_____ is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment.

A)Stress
B)Burnout
C)Aggression
D)Stressor

Question 9

The general stress model suggests there are three major categories of strains: job-related, emotion-related, and:

A)problem-related.
B)intrinsic.
C)physiological.
D)career development

Question 10

One variable that is especially important to stress levels, according to Karasek's (1990) model of stress, is:

A)control.
B)feedback.
C)task dependence.
D)task significance.

Question 11

Gretchen, a hospital nurse, feels particularly stressed right now because two doctors are disagreeing about what she should be doing with her time. She does not have time to do the things that both doctors want her to do, and must choose which doctor to obey. Gretchen is probably experiencing:

A)role uncertainty.
B)role conflict.
C)supervisory conflict.
D)role ambiguity.

Question 12

Tracy, who is a police officer, has two different roles at work. Sometimes she has to treat citizens respectfully, comfort them, and help them solve problems. At other times, she must behave aggressively, make demands of citizens, and delay solving problems to ensure that people are safe. These contradictory expectations are an example of:

A)role ambiguity.
B)role conflict.
C)emotion-focused roles.
D)problem-focused roles.

Question 13

Burnout is characterized by depersonalization, reduced personal accomplishment, and:

A)emotional ablation.
B)role ambiguity.
C)emotional exhaustion.
D)migraines.

Question 14

Burnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion, reduced personal accomplishment, and:

A)aggression.
B)depersonalization.
C)family-work conflict.
D)episodic stress.

Question 15

Which of these is an example of a job-related strain?

A)increased illnesses
B)depression
C)ineffective performance
D)low self-esteem

Question 16

The general stress model suggests there are three major categories of strains: job-related, physiological, and:

A)problem-related.
B)interpersonal.
C)emotion-related.
D)perceptual.

Question 17

Mimi has a very rude and demanding boss. She feels tense throughout the day, and when she goes home at night she has a pounding headache. In this example, the demanding boss is an example of _____ and her headache is an example of _____.

A)a strain; a stressor
B)a stressor; a strain
C)a strain; stress
D)stress; a stressor

Question 18

According to the general model of stress, there are four stressors: intrinsic work factors, interpersonal relationships, career development and:

A)lack of motivation
B)role variables
C)job satisfaction
D)coping

Question 19

Undesirable personal outcomes that result from the combined stressful experiences of various life domains are known as:

A)dissatisfactions.
B)stressors.
C)strains.
D)demands.

Question 20

The general stress model suggests there are three major categories of strains: physiological, emotion-related, and:

A)problem-related.
B)job-related.
C)psychological.
D)episodic.

Question 21

Which statement accurately reflects research on managerial stress?

A)Hindrance-related stress is positively related to job satisfaction.
B)Hindrance-related stress is negatively related to voluntary turnover.
C)Challenge-related stress is negatively related to searching for a job.
D)Challenge-related stress is negatively related to job satisfaction.

Question 22

_____ coping involves behaviors or actions targeted towards solving or handling the stress-inducing issue itself.

A)Stress-related
B)Problem-focused
C)Emotion-focused
D)Person-focused

Question 23

Research on a person's burnout at work suggests that it:

A)is limited to helping professions such as medicine and psychology.
B)happens only rarely.
C)is a widespread phenomenon.
D)occurs in response to minor episodic stress.

Question 24

Research on a person's burnout at work suggests that it:

A)does not affect job performance.
B)is not a widespread phenomenon.
C)is linked to people's dispositions.
D)is linked to certain characteristics of jobs.

Question 25

Research indicates that hindrance-related stress is _____ related to job satisfaction, and challenge-related stress is _____ related to job satisfaction.

A)positively; negatively
B)negatively; positively
C)positively; positively
D)negatively; negatively

Question 26

Lianne's boss has just given her so much work that she is worried she will won't be able to finish it. She decides to talk to her colleagues and get them to help her with her workload. In this case, Lianne is engaging in _____ coping.

A)reactive
B)cognitive
C)problem-focused
D)emotion-focused

Question 27

According to Peter Warr, the extent to which an employee has a solid understanding of current and future expectations is referred to as:

A)role ambiguity.
B)valued role position.
C)environmental clarity.
D)opportunity for personal control.

Question 28

According to Peter Warr (1999, 2007a), the more the employees experience environmental determinants of health on the job, the less likely they are to experience:

A)negative well-being.
B)job dissatisfaction.
C)role conflict.
D)role ambiguity.

Question 29

_____ coping involves strategies that minimize the common responses to stress, such as rationalization.

A)Stress-focused
B)Individually focused
C)Problem-focused
D)Emotion-focused

Question 30

Which of these has been shown to impact the effectiveness of coping behavior?

A)whether someone believes in holistic healing
B)one's view of oneself
C)bona fide occupational qualifications
D)one's cognitive ability

Question 31

Which strategy would be the BEST for reducing your work-related stress?

A)spending your downtime surfing the Internet and checking your work email
B)discussing your problems and getting social support from others
C)withdrawing from coworkers
D)doing what has worked well for your colleagues in the past

Question 32

Callista's boss has just given her so much work that she is worried she will won't be able to finish it. She decides to take some time out of her day to take a yoga class to relax herself. In this case, Callista is engaging in _____ coping.

A)active
B)problem-focused
C)emotion-focused
D)physical

Question 33

Lori had a great day at work and has a positive attitude. When she arrives home, she maintains this positive attitude and is in a particularly good mood with her family. Lori is experiencing:

A)work-family involvement.
B)work-family enrichment.
C)work-life support.
D)organization-based self-esteem.

Question 34

Research indicates that hindrance-related stress is _____ related to searching for a new job, and challenge-related stress is _____ related to searching for a new job.

A)positively; negatively
B)negatively; positively
C)positively; positively
D)negatively; negatively

Question 35

Environmental determinants such as variety, environmental clarity, and opportunity for personal control are closely linked to:

A)intrinsic motivation theories.
B)Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
C)ERG.
D)job characteristics theory.

Question 36

Chelsea, a surgeon, often feels detached from her patients. She doesn't see them as human beings, but only as nuisances. The dimension of burnout that Chelsea is experiencing is:

A)episodic stress.
B)personal deflation.
C)chronic stress.
D)depersonalization.

Question 37

_____ training has been found to improve an employee's subjective and physical well-being.

A)Athletic
B)Team-based
C)Emotional-competence
D)Transformational

Question 38

David is a manager who deals with organizational politics. He is not sure that his job will exist in the next few months, and faces "red tape" whenever he advocates an idea to his boss. The type of stress that David is encountering is:

A)challenge-related.
B)autonomy-related.
C)demands-related.
D)hindrance-related.

Question 39

According to Peter Warr, _____ is the extent to which employees gain prestige or a sense of accomplishment from their work.

A)opportunity for personal control
B)valued social position
C)internal gratification
D)environmental status

Question 40

One concept used to explain work-family conflict is known as the _____ model.

A)spillover
B)trickle-down
C)bottom-up
D)saturation

Question 41

The Family Medical Leave Act allows eligible employees to take _____ for family-related issues, such as the birth of a child.

A)12 weeks paid leave
B)12 weeks unpaid leave
C)12 months paid leave
D)12 months unpaid leave

Question 42

Research by Hennessy (2008) found that _____ were particularly likely to demonstrate aggression and hostility at work.

A)female commuters
B)male commuters
C)female noncommuters
D)male noncommuters

Question 43

Mel is someone who sets goals and develops strategies to reach those goals. She is also flexible enough to develop contingency approaches when her initial strategy is unsuccessful. Which theory suggests that Mel will perceive less job stress and report lower work-family conflict?

A)life management theory
B)spillover theory
C)job characteristics theory
D)work-life support theory

Question 44

Family-friendly policies are sometimes known as:

A)work-family enhancers.
B)employee assistance programs.
C)work-life supports.
D)spillover enrichments.

Question 45

There are four ways to manage boundaries-behavioral, physical, temporal, and:

A)spatial.
B)communicative.
C)intrapersonal.
D)cognitive.

Question 46

Carson works from home much of the time. In order to help him keep his work and home life separate, he has an office where he does only his work. This type of boundary-setting is _____ in nature.

A)temporal
B)communicative
C)behavioral
D)physical

Question 47

Initial research conducted in the poultry-processing industry has suggested that _____ experience lower levels of work-family conflict than other workers.

A)blue-collar workers
B)white-collar workers
C)Latinos
D)Caucasian Americans

Question 48

Forty percent of employees who take time off under the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) do not take the entire 12 weeks of leave because:

A)their employers ask them to come back to work.
B)their jobs are not protected after the eighth week of the leave.
C)they cannot afford to go without pay during the entire leave.
D)they feel guilty about not attending work.

Question 49

Research has indicated that individuals with high levels of work-family conflict tend to be:

A)more satisfied with their jobs and lives.
B)more satisfied with their jobs, but less satisfied with their lives.
C)less satisfied with their jobs, but more satisfied with their lives.
D)less satisfied with their jobs and lives.

Question 50

Which country allows citizens to take a "career break" in order to manage family responsibilities?

A)United States
B)Belgium
C)Switzerland
D)Germany

Question 51

A 2012 survey found that companies tend to cut back on benefits that:

A)involve support for children, such as child-care centers.
B)involve support for eldercare, such as counseling.
C)directly cost the business money, such as pension plans.
D)involve health promotion, such as onsite fitness centers.

Question 52

Delta works from home much of the time. In order to keep her work and home life separate, Delta starts working at 7 A.M. and finishes by 3 P.M. every day. This type of boundary-setting is _____ in nature.

A)temporal
B)communicative
C)physical
D)behavioral

Question 53

Research indicates that telecommuting leads to _____ WIF and _____ FIW.

A)increased; increased
B)increased; decreased
C)decreased; increased
D)decreased; decreased

Question 54

In their research on work-family conflict, Martins, Eddleston, and Veiga (2002) found that:

A)men make family more central to their lives as they get older.
B)women make family more central to their lives as they get older.
C)low-income employees report greater work-life supports than high-income employees.
D)U.S.-based research findings on work-family conflict generalize to other cultures.

Question 55

Zelda works from home much of the time. In order to keep her work and home life separate, she tells her children that when she is in her office, she is not to be disturbed. This type of boundary-setting is _____ in nature.

A)temporal
B)communicative
C)interpersonal
D)behavioral

Question 56

Mary is 45 years old and is employed full-time. She is taking care of her 80-year-old father while also taking care of her 16-year-old. Mary can be labeled as a(n):

A)member of the sandwiched generation.
B)member of the AARP alliance.
C)conventional dual-caregiver.
D)intragenerational caregiver.

Question 57

Which of these has been linked to child-care difficulties?

A)job analysis
B)legal selection
C)absenteeism
D)workplace violence

Question 58

Research has suggested that spillover is _____ for work interfering with family than for family interfering with work.

A)stronger
B)weaker
C)less frequent
D)less important

Question 59

Hammer and colleagues' research on family supportive supervisor behaviors suggested that employees who felt that their employers provided them family-specific support:

A)had higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions.
B)had higher life satisfaction and better physical health.
C)had higher job satisfaction, and higher turnover intentions
D)had lower job satisfaction, and poorer physical health.

Question 60

Research has shown that active users of onsite child-care centers:

A)were not pleased with the company's support of the center.
B)were more likely to believe that the center was a good recruitment tool for the company than nonusers did.
C)held less favorable beliefs about the center's quality of child-care than nonusers.
D)held less positive attitudes towards managing their work and family responsibilities than nonusers.

Question 61

Amelia is angry with her boss for a negative performance review. To retaliate, she sneaks into his office and attempts to erase the hard drive on his computer. Her actions are an example of:

A)organization-motivated violence.
B)individually-motivated aggression.
C)interpersonally-motivated violence.
D)organization-motivated aggression.

Question 62

According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), which of these is a risk factor for the likelihood of being assaulted at work?

A)working with stable persons
B)working at night
C)being involved in the exchange of money
D)delivering products using email

Question 63

A main motivating factor for the increase in dual-earner couples is that:

A)women's incomes are now more similar to men's, compared to their incomes in the past.
B)child care is more available and more affordable.
C)couples are more likely to remain unmarried, and thus need greater independent financial security.
D)couples tend to have larger families than they did in the past.

Question 64

Getting fired from a job would be an example of:

A)a strain.
B)a stressor.
C)stress.
D)burnout.

Question 65

Attempts by someone inside or outside a company to cause injury or to be destructive as a result of an organizational factor are referred to as:

A)organization-motivated aggression.
B)organization-based violence.
C)organization-induced strain.
D)passive-aggressive violence.

Question 66

Which statement accurately describes a research finding on dual-earning couples?

A)Different variables predict career satisfaction for husbands and wives.
B)Husbands' work-family enrichment was negatively related to wives' depression one year later.
C)Wives' work-family enrichment was not related to husbands' depression.
D)American men devote about 8 minutes per day to housework, while their wives spend over 3 hours on housework.

Question 67

Which of these is NOT included in the profile of a lethal employee?

A)a pattern of excellent performance
B)behaving in a vocally aggressive and violent manner
C)being socially isolated from other coworkers and not known very well
D)frequently exhibiting bizarre behavior that is observed by coworkers

Question 68

Research suggests that when a layoff is announced in a company, about _____ percent of the remaining employees leave the organization either physically or emotionally.

A)10
B)20
C)50
D)75

Question 69

The workers who are most frequently assaulted or threatened are:

A)law enforcement officers.
B)postal workers.
C)retail sales workers.
D)child-care workers.

Question 70

Perhaps the fastest growing elder-care benefit is:

A)the dependent-care account.
B)long-term insurance.
C)geriatric care management.
D)informational assistance.

Question 71

In 2014, the percentage of mothers who worked was _____ percent.

A)40
B)20
C)70
D)50

Question 72

A Catalyst survey found that 56% of respondents listed the biggest challenge of a dual-earner situation as:

A)job dissatisfaction.
B)work-family conflict.
C)lack of time.
D)arguments over finances.

Question 73

The transmission of stress, strain, and depression from one member of a couple to the other is referred to as:

A)spillover.
B)transference.
C)interference.
D)crossover.

Question 74

Research suggests that survivors of layoffs:

A)tend to be more productive as a result.
B)feel grateful towards the organization.
C)do not consider the fairness of the layoff process.
D)experience decreased job satisfaction.

Question 75

Research on job loss has found that:

A)employees' ability to distance themselves from the job loss is positively related to reemployment.
B)layoff survivors often experience increased productivity and improved morale.
C)an individual's unemployment has no impact on marital satisfaction.
D)job search activities of unemployed individuals are negatively related to social support.

Question 76

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the leading causes of death in a workplace are falls, transportation accidents, and:

A)suicides.
B)chemical accidents.
C)accidents due to lack of proper safety equipment.
D)homicides.

Question 77

Managers who perceive layoff procedures as unjust tend to:

A)exhibit low self-esteem.
B)exhibit highly effective behaviors towards subordinates.
C)become focused on earning a promotion.
D)commiserate with layoff survivors.

Question 78

In terms of household labor, surveys indicate that women report doing _____ hours per week, while men report doing about _____ hours per week.

A)13; 7
B)10; 10
C)7; 13
D)20; 0

Question 79

Which statement is mentioned as a reason why jobs are important to us?

A)They provide an opportunity to use our existing skills and to develop new ones.
B)They require many people to commute to work.
C)They provide social interaction with our family.
D)They provide opportunities to increase our self-esteem.

Question 80

A reliable finding that resulted from Martinko and Zellars' (1998) research is that:

A)aggression is perpetrated in the workplace without conscious thought.
B)"shocks to the system" trigger aggression in the workplace.
C)employees who have a low external locus of control are more likely to be aggressive than those with a high external locus of control.
D)males are considerably more likely than females to be aggressive in the workplace.