Deck 11: The Cardiovascular System - Heart and Vessels

Question 1

Which of the following combining forms means artery?

A) atri/o
B) ather/o
C) arter/o
D) vas/o

Answer 1

C
Explanation: The combining form arter/o means artery.

Question 2

What structure marks the separation of the atria from the ventricles?

A) Interventricular septum
B) Coronary sulcus
C) Anterior interventricular sulcus
D) Interatrial sulcus

Answer 2

B
Explanation: The coronary sulcus marks the separation of the atria from the ventricles.

Question 3

Which valve lies between the right atria and the right ventricle?

A) Tricuspid
B) Bicuspid
C) Mitral
D) Atrioventricular

Answer 3

A
Explanation: The atria are separated from the ventricles by the atrioventricular (AV) valves-the tricuspid valve lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle, and the bicuspid (mitral) valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Question 4

What are the two inferior chambers of the heart?

A) Atria
B) Ventricles
C) Auricles
D) None of these are correct.

Question 5

What is the pericardium?

A) The cardiac muscle tissue of the heart
B) The tissue that lines the heart's four chambers
C) A fluid-filled, double-walled membrane that surrounds the heart
D) None of these are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following combining forms means ventricle?

A) vas/o
B) vascul/o
C) ven/o
D) ventricul/o

Question 7

What is the endocardium?

A) The cardiac muscle tissue of the heart
B) The tissue that lines the heart's four chambers
C) A fluid-filled, double-walled membrane that surrounds the heart
D) None of these are correct.

Question 8

The atria are separated from the ventricle by what type of valve?

A) Atrioventricular valve
B) Interventricular valve
C) Interatrial valve
D) Ventriculoatrial valve

Question 9

What is the function of the tendinous chords?

A) They open and close the valve.
B) They attach the valve to the papillary muscle.
C) They prevent blood from flowing into a chamber.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

What are the two superior chambers of the heart?

A) Atria
B) Ventricles
C) Auricles
D) None of these are correct.

Question 11

Which statement about the pericardium is false?

A) The pericardium is a serous membrane.
B) The parietal pericardium anchors the heat to the great vessels.
C) The visceral pericardium is the outer layer of the pericardium.
D) Pericardial fluid is between the two layers of the pericardium.

Question 12

Which of the following terms means vein?

A) vas/o
B) vascul/o
C) ven/o
D) None of these terms mean vein.

Question 13

Which chambers in the heart receive blood?

A) Atria
B) Ventricles
C) Auricles
D) None of these are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following combining forms means rapid?

A) brady/
B) tachy/
C) rhythm/o
D) sphygm/o

Question 15

Which of the following is a semilunar valve within the heart?

A) Mitral valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Bicuspid valve

Question 16

Which of the following combining forms means atrium?

A) atri/o
B) ather/o
C) arter/o
D) vas/o

Question 17

Which of the following combining forms describes an anatomical structure of the heart?

A) pericardi/o
B) ventricul/o
C) atri/o
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 18

What structure separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle?

A) Interventricular septum
B) Coronary sulcus
C) Anterior interventricular sulcus
D) Interatrial sulcus

Question 19

What structure separates the right atria from the left atria?

A) Interventricular septum
B) Coronary sulcus
C) Neither of these answers is correct.
D) Interatrial sulcus

Question 20

Which chambers in the heart pump blood?

A) Atria
B) Ventricles
C) Auricles
D) None of these are correct.

Question 21

Blood leaves the right atrium and passes through what valve to get to the right ventricle?

A) Aortic valve
B) Mitral valve
C) Bicuspid valve
D) Tricuspid valve

Question 22

Blood leaves the right ventricle through what structure?

A) Tricuspid valve
B) Pulmonary valve
C) Pulmonary trunk
D) Bicuspid valve

Question 23

Blood leaves the left atrium and enters what chamber of the heart?

A) Right ventricle
B) Left ventricle
C) Right atrium
D) Left atrium

Question 24

What is the purpose of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle tissue?

A) Intercalated discs allow atrium or ventricles to contract simultaneously.
B) Intercalated discs allow fast electrical transmission between cells.
C) Both answers are correct.
D) Neither answer is correct.

Question 25

Which of the following is true about cardiac muscle tissue?

A) Intercalated discs allow slow, accurate electrical transmission between cells.
B) Cardiac muscle is voluntary.
C) Cardiac muscle lacks striations.
D) Intercalated discs allow atrium or ventricles to contract simultaneously.

Question 26

All of the following are adaptations that allow the heart to use aerobic respiration for energy except which one?

A) Cardiac cells have fewer mitochondria.
B) Cardiac cells are rich in myoglobin.
C) Cardiac cells are rich in glycogen.
D) Cardiac cells use a variety of fuels as energy sources.

Question 27

Blood leaves the left ventricle and travels to what structure?

A) Pulmonary artery
B) Pulmonary vein
C) Vena cavae
D) Aorta

Question 28

What structure returns blood from the lungs to the heart?

A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Pulmonary valve
C) Pulmonary trunk
D) Pulmonary veins

Question 29

Blood enters into what structure in the heart from the superior and inferior vena cavae?

A) Left atrium
B) Right atrium
C) Left ventricle
D) Right ventricle

Question 30

What structure takes blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to pick up oxygen?

A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Pulmonary valve
C) Pulmonary trunk
D) Pulmonary veins

Question 31

The pulmonary trunk splits into what structure,taking blood to the lungs?

A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Pulmonary valve
C) Pulmonary trunk
D) Pulmonary veins

Question 32

When blood reaches the lungs,what does it unload?

A) CO₂
B) O₂
C) CO
D) O

Question 33

In systemic circulation,what happens to CO₂ and O₂ in the blood?

A) Both CO₂ and O₂ are unloaded.
B) CO₂ is unloaded and O₂ is loaded.
C) CO₂ is loaded and O₂ is unloaded.
D) Both CO₂ and O₂ are loaded.

Question 34

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart from the body through what structure?

A) Coronary artery
B) Pulmonary vein
C) Superior and inferior vena cavae
D) Aorta

Question 35

In pulmonary circulation,what happens to CO₂ and O₂ in the blood?

A) Both CO₂ and O₂ are unloaded.
B) CO₂ is unloaded and O₂ is loaded.
C) CO₂ is loaded and O₂ is unloaded.
D) Both CO₂ and O₂ are loaded.

Question 36

What structure takes oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

A) Pulmonary artery
B) Pulmonary vein
C) Aorta
D) Vena cavae

Question 37

Blood enters into what structure when it returns to the heart from the lungs?

A) Right atrium
B) Left atrium
C) Right ventricle
D) Left ventricle

Question 38

When in the lungs,blood absorbs what?

A) CO₂
B) O₂
C) CO
D) O

Question 39

Blood leaves the left atrium through what valve?

A) Bicuspid valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Pulmonary valve

Question 40

Blood is forced through what valve when leaving the left ventricle?

A) Tricuspid valve
B) Bicuspid valve
C) Pulmonary valve
D) Aortic valve

Question 41

Which statement about the cardiac cycle is false?

A) The right and left atria go through systole and diastole at the same time.
B) The AV valves function together.
C) The right and left ventricle go through systole and diastole one after the other.
D) The semilunar valves function together.

Question 42

What is considered to be the pacemaker of the heart?

A) Atrioventricular node
B) Atrioventricular bundle
C) Purkinje fibers
D) Sinoatrial node

Question 43

What structure sends the electrical impulse to stimulate the atria to contract?

A) Atrioventricular node
B) Atrioventricular bundle
C) Purkinje fibers
D) Sinoatrial node

Question 44

Which term refers to relaxation?

A) Diastole
B) Systole
C) Neither answer is correct.
D) Both answers are correct.

Question 45

What structure fans out from the end of the AV bundle to the wall of the ventricles?

A) Atrioventricular node
B) Atrioventricular bundle
C) Purkinje fibers
D) Sinoatrial node

Question 46

Which term refers to contraction?

A) Diastole
B) Systole
C) Neither answer is correct.
D) Both answers are correct.

Question 47

Which of the following happens during ventricular diastole?

A) The pressure inside the ventricles is greater than inside the relaxed atria, so blood moves through the AV valves from the atria to the ventricles.
B) The pressure is greater in the ventricles than inside the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
C) Only the ventricles fill with blood during ventricular diastole.
D) The ventricles then repolarize and relax.

Question 48

Which wave on the ECG shows the depolarization of the atria?

A) P
B) Q, R, S
C) T
D) None of these are correct.

Question 49

A heartbeat is started by what structure?

A) Atrioventricular node
B) Atrioventricular bundle
C) Purkinje fibers
D) Sinoatrial node

Question 50

What structure sends the electrical impulse to stimulate the ventricles to contract?

A) Atrioventricular node
B) Atrioventricular bundle
C) Purkinje fibers
D) Sinoatrial node

Question 51

What structure carries the electrical impulse from the AV node toward the apex of the heart?

A) Atrioventricular node
B) Atrioventricular bundle
C) Purkinje fibers
D) Sinoatrial node

Question 52

Which of the following statements is false regarding atrial systole?

A) The atria depolarize and contract together creating decreased volume and higher pressure in the atria than the ventricles.
B) The atria then repolarize and relax.
C) Blood rushes in from the vena cavae and pulmonary veins to fill the right and left atria.
D) The increased pressure pushes blood through the AV valves into the atria.

Question 53

Which of the following does not happen during atrial diastole?

A) The atria depolarize and contract together creating decreased volume and higher pressure in the atria than the ventricles.
B) The atria then repolarize and relax.
C) Blood rushes in from the vena cavae and pulmonary veins to fill the right and left atria.
D) The increased pressure pushes blood through the AV valves into the atria.

Question 54

What is the term used to describe the ability of the autonomic nervous system to control the pace of the SA node through the vagus nerve?

A) Vagal tone
B) Arrhythmia
C) Ectopic focus
D) Nodal rhythm

Question 55

Which wave on the ECG shows the depolarization of the ventricles?

A) P
B) Q, R, S
C) T
D) None of these are correct.

Question 56

Which of the following is not a wave on an ECG?

A) P
B) Q
C) R
D) U

Question 57

Which wave on the ECG shows the repolarization of the ventricles?

A) P
B) Q, R, S
C) T
D) None of these are correct.

Question 58

What is the term used when any other part of the conduction system other than the SA node is setting the pace of the heart?

A) Vagal tone
B) Arrhythmia
C) Ectopic focus
D) Nodal rhythm

Question 59

Which of the following happens during atrial systole?

A) The atria depolarize and contract together creating decreased volume and higher pressure in the atria than the ventricles.
B) The atria then repolarize and relax.
C) Blood rushes in from the vena cavae and pulmonary veins to fill the right and left atria.
D) The increased pressure pushes blood through the AV valves into the atria.

Question 60

Which of the following does not happen during ventricular systole?

A) Papillary muscles contract, pulling on the tendinous chords to ensure that the AV valves stay closed and do not swing open towards the atria.
B) Contraction of the ventricles decreases the volume and increases the pressure inside the ventricles.
C) The conduction system carries the electrical impulses from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers, the ventricles depolarize and contract together.
D) All of these happen during ventricular systole.

Question 61

What term describes the pressure in the pulmonary trunk and aorta during diastole?

A) Frank-Starling law of the heart
B) Afterload
C) Contractility
D) Preload

Question 62

Which blood vessel has a thicker tunica media?

A) Artery
B) Vein
C) Capillary
D) The tunica media is the same size in all vessels.

Question 63

Which blood vessel carries blood toward the heart?

A) Artery
B) Vein
C) Capillary
D) All of these vessels carry blood toward the heart.

Question 64

What term describes the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle per beat?

A) Cardiac output
B) Heart rate
C) Stroke volume
D) Cardiac reserve

Question 65

What is the function of the tunica interna?

A) Contracts to move the blood through the vessel
B) Anchors the vessel to surrounding tissue
C) Secretes a chemical to repel platelets so blood can easily flow through the vessel
D) None of these are correct.

Question 66

What is the function of the tunica externa?

A) Contracts to move the blood through the vessel
B) Anchors the vessel to surrounding tissue
C) Secretes a chemical to repel platelets so blood can easily flow through the vessel
D) None of these are correct.

Question 67

Which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

A) Artery
B) Vein
C) Capillary
D) All of these vessels carry blood away from the heart.

Question 68

What type of artery carries blood away from the heart?

A) Conducting
B) Distributing
C) Resistance
D) None of these are correct.

Question 69

What is the cardiac output if the heart rate is 115 beats/minute and the stroke volume is 95 mL/beat?

A) 210 mL/min
B) 1.21 mL/min
C) 10,925 mL/min
D) 10,529 mL/min

Question 70

What term describes the difference between the cardiac output of a heart at rest and the maximum cardiac output the heart can achieve?

A) Cardiac output
B) Heart rate
C) Stroke volume
D) Cardiac reserve

Question 71

Which factor below does not affect stroke volume?

A) Frank-Starling law of the heart
B) Afterload
C) Contractility
D) Preload

Question 72

What is the smallest of all blood vessels?

A) Arteriole
B) Vein
C) Capillary
D) Venule

Question 73

An arteriole is an example of what type of artery?

A) Conducting
B) Distributing
C) Resistance
D) None of these are correct.

Question 74

Which of the following is the correct equation for calculating cardiac output?

A) CO=HR x SV
B) CO=HR/SV
C) CO=HR+ SV
D) CO=HR - SV

Question 75

Which of the following chemicals does not have a positive chronotropic effect?

A) Epinephrine
B) Potassium
C) Caffeine
D) Thyroid hormone

Question 76

What term describes the amount of blood ejected by each ventricle each minute?

A) Cardiac output
B) Heart rate
C) Stroke volume
D) Cardiac reserve

Question 77

What is a chronotropic factor?

A) Anything that changes the heart rate
B) The cardiac accelerator center that uses sympathetic neurons to stimulate the SA and AV nodes to speed up the heart rate
C) The cardiac inhibitory center that uses parasympathetic neurons of the vagus nerve to keep the SA node at 70-80 beats/minute
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 78

Which blood vessel layer is composed of simple squamous epithelial tissue and fibrous tissue?

A) Tunica externa
B) Tunica media
C) Tunica interna
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 79

What term describes the fact that the heart must pump out the amount of blood it receives?

A) Frank-Starling law of the heart
B) Afterload
C) Contractility
D) Preload

Question 80

What term describes the amount of tension in the myocardium of the ventricular wall?

A) Frank-Starling law of the heart
B) Afterload
C) Contractility
D) Preload