Deck 17: The Female Reproductive System

Question 1

Which of the following is considered the primary reproductive structure in the female?

A) Breast
B) Uterus
C) Ovary
D) Vagina

Answer 1

C
Explanation: Female gametes (ova, eggs) are produced and developed in the primary sex organ of the female reproductive system-the ovaries.

Question 2

Which of the following combining forms refers to vulva?

A) mast/o
B) episi/o
C) lact/o
D) vagin/o

Answer 2

B
Explanation: The combining form episi/o means vulva.

Question 3

What allows the zygote to develop female anatomy?

A) XX chromosomes
B) The absence of the SRY gene
C) The absence of androgen receptors
D) All of the answers are correct.

Answer 3

D
Explanation: A female zygote develops female anatomy due to all of the answer choices listed. The XX chromosomes in a female means that the SRY gene is not present, therefore there are no androgen receptors and no testosterone.

Question 4

Which layer of the uterus has two sublayers: the stratum basalis and the stratum functionalis?

A) Perimetrium
B) Myometrium
C) Endometrium
D) None of these are correct.

Question 5

Which of the following combining forms refers to cervix?

A) chorion/o
B) o/o
C) lact/o
D) cervic/o

Question 6

Which layer of the uterus is the outermost layer of the uterine wall?

A) Perimetrium
B) Myometrium
C) Endometrium
D) None of these are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following combining forms does not refers to egg?

A) ov/o
B) o/o
C) ovulo/o
D) oophor/o

Question 8

Which of the following is not an internal secondary reproductive structure in the female?

A) Uterine tubes
B) Uterus
C) Vulva
D) Vagina

Question 9

What attaches the lateral edge of the ovary to the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity?

A) Tunica albuginea
B) Follicle
C) Ovarian ligament
D) Suspensory ligament

Question 10

What is the outer fibrous capsule that encloses the ovary?

A) Tunica albuginea
B) Follicle
C) Ovarian ligament
D) Suspensory ligament

Question 11

Which of the following combining forms refers to a structure of the female reproductive system?

A) episi/o
B) metr/o
C) vagin/o
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following combining forms refers to milk?

A) mast/o
B) o/o
C) lact/o
D) cervic/o

Question 13

Which of the following combining forms refers to ovary?

A) ov/o
B) ovari/o
C) ovulo/o
D) oopho/o

Question 14

Which of the following combining forms refers to uterus?

A) hyster/o
B) metr/o
C) uter/o
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

What attaches the medial edge of the ovary to the uterus?

A) Tunica albuginea
B) Follicle
C) Ovarian ligament
D) Suspensory ligament

Question 16

Which of the following represents a zygote that will be female?

A) XX
B) XY
C) X
D) Y

Question 17

The ovaries belong to which two systems?

A) Reproductive and lymphatic
B) Reproductive and endocrine
C) Endocrine and excretory
D) Reproductive and excretory

Question 18

Which of the following combining forms refers to uterine tube?

A) salping/o
B) uter/o
C) metr/o
D) cervic/o

Question 19

Which layer of the uterus is composed of smooth muscle that contracts to expel uterine contents?

A) Perimetrium
B) Myometrium
C) Endometrium
D) None of these are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following combining forms refers to breast?

A) mast/o
B) o/o
C) lact/o
D) cervic/o

Question 21

Which of the following is not a part of the vulva?

A) Mons pubis
B) Labia
C) Prepuce
D) Bulbourethral glands

Question 22

Which female reproductive organ has the ability to expand with pregnancy?

A) Oviduct
B) Uterus
C) Vulva
D) Vagina

Question 23

Which of the following is a fragile membrane that covers the external vaginal opening?

A) Infundibulum
B) Hymen
C) Fimbriae
D) Rugae

Question 24

How is oogenesis similar to spermatogenesis?

A) Oogenesis forms gametes that have a haploid number of chromosomes.
B) Oogenesis forms gametes that have a diploid number of chromosomes.
C) Oogenesis forms four viable gametes.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 25

How many chromosomes are present in primary oocytes?

A) 23
B) 46
C) Haploid
D) None of these are correct.

Question 26

Which structure drains the milk produced by the secretory cells in the breast?

A) Lactiferous ducts
B) Lactiferous sinuses
C) Myoepithelial cells
D) Lobules

Question 27

Which type of follicle will secrete hormone to support pregnancy if the egg is fertilized?

A) Primordial
B) Graafian
C) Corpus luteum
D) Corpus albicans

Question 28

Which of the following statements about oogenesis is false?

A) Primary oocyte produces two daughter cells, a secondary oocyte and a first polar body.
B) The first polar body has 23 chromosomes.
C) The first polar body is likely to die before going through mitosis.
D) All of the cytoplasm and organelles go to the secondary oocyte.

Question 29

Which of the following remain dormant in mid-meiosis I until adolescence?

A) Oogonia
B) Primary oocyte
C) Secondary ooctye
D) Polar body

Question 30

Which of the following is not a function of the vagina?

A) The vagina allows for the flow of the menses during menstruation.
B) The vagina is a receptacle for semen.
C) The vagina delivers the egg to the uterus.
D) The vagina serves as the birth canal.

Question 31

What structure coaxes an egg released from the ovary into the uterine tube?

A) Infundibulum
B) Vulva
C) Fimbriae
D) Oviduct

Question 32

Which hormone targets the follicle within the ovary causing it to produce estrogen?

A) GnRH
B) FSH
C) LH
D) None of these are correct.

Question 33

Which statement is true regarding the proliferative phase?

A) The proliferative phase is day 5-14 of the menstrual cycle.
B) Estrogen is secreted by the follicle.
C) Estrogen targets the uterine lining, causing it to thicken.
D) All of the answers are true.

Question 34

Which type of follicle will rupture to release the egg during ovulation?

A) Primordial
B) Graafian
C) Corpus luteum
D) Corpus albicans

Question 35

When is the menstrual phase of a woman's period?

A) Day 1-14
B) Day 1-5
C) Day 5-14
D) Day 22-28

Question 36

Which of the following describes a function of the follicle?

A) The follicle provides nutrients for the oocyte.
B) The follicle removes wastes from the oocyte.
C) The follicle protects the oocyte from the female's immune system.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 37

Which type of follicle will stop secreting hormones after two weeks if the egg is not fertilized?

A) Primordial
B) Graafian
C) Corpus luteum
D) None of these are correct.

Question 38

Which statement about the follicular phase is false?

A) The anterior pituitary secretes FSH which targets the primordial follicle.
B) The primordial follicle secretes estrogen.
C) Estrogen levels reach a peak just before day 5.
D) All of the answers are true.

Question 39

Which part of the female sex cycle affects the endometrial lining of the uterus?

A) Ovarian
B) Menstrual
C) Both cycles affect the endometrial lining of the uterus.
D) Neither cycle affects the endometrial lining of the uterus.

Question 40

When does puberty begin in girls?

A) Between 7 and 9
B) Between 8 and 10
C) Between 10 and 12
D) Between 6 and 18

Question 41

Which of the following does not happen during the luteal phase in the ovarian cycle?

A) The ruptured follicle remains in the ovary and changes to become a corpus luteum.
B) The corpus luteum releases estrogen and progesterone.
C) FSH and LH production is inhibited.
D) New egg development continues at this phase.

Question 42

Which female reproductive system disorder is characterized as a slow-growing cancer that has few symptoms and is often caused by human papillomavirus (HPV)infection?

A) Breast cancer
B) Cervical cancer
C) Endometriosis
D) Fibroids

Question 43

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of the stages of the female sexual response?

A) Arousal - plateau - orgasm - resolution
B) Plateau - arousal - orgasm - resolution
C) Arousal- orgasm - plateau - resolution
D) Neither answer is correct.

Question 44

During which stage of sexual response does the innermost part of the vagina dilate and the vaginal lining and vestibular glands secrete fluid that lubricates the vestibule and vagina to make intercourse easier?

A) Arousal
B) Plateau
C) Orgasm
D) Resolution

Question 45

During which stage of sexual response does the lower one-third of the vagina constrict around the penis due to the engorgement of the vestibular bulbs?

A) Arousal
B) Plateau
C) Orgasm
D) Resolution

Question 46

The diminished levels of estrogen and progesterone during menopause can cause what symptom?

A) Heavier menstrual periods
B) Hot flashes
C) Thicker vaginal secretions
D) Increased bone mass

Question 47

If the egg is not fertilized,the corpus luteum becomes what?

A) It goes through involution, shrinking until it disappears.
B) Graafian follicle
C) Corpus albicans
D) Primordial follicle

Question 48

Which diagnostic test allows internal visualization of a developing fetus during gestation?

A) Ultrasound
B) Mammogram
C) Pap smear
D) Colposcopy

Question 49

During which stage of sexual response does the uterus undergo peristaltic contractions that cause the cervix to dip down into the possible pool of semen?

A) Arousal
B) Plateau
C) Orgasm
D) Resolution

Question 50

During which stage of sexual response does the erectile tissue of the clitoris become engorged with blood?

A) Arousal
B) Plateau
C) Orgasm
D) Resolution

Question 51

During which stage of sexual response does the reproductive anatomy return to a pre-arousal state?

A) Arousal
B) Plateau
C) Orgasm
D) Resolution

Question 52

Which of the following is not an effect of aging of the female reproductive system?

A) Declining bone mass
B) Thinning vaginal secretions
C) Increased muscle and connective tissue
D) Menopause

Question 53

Which diagnostic test detects abnormal cells on the cervix?

A) Hysteroscopy
B) Mammogram
C) Pap smear
D) Colposcopy

Question 54

Which female reproductive system disorder is characterized by abnormal growth of breast tissue,usually occurring in the lactiferous ducts and lobules of the breast?

A) Breast cancer
B) Cervical cancer
C) Endometriosis
D) Fibroids

Question 55

As a result of decreased muscle and connective tissue that accompanies aging in woman,what can happen?

A) Incontinence
B) Difficult bowel movements
C) Bladder, uterine and rectal prolapse
D) All of these can happen due to decreased muscle and connective tissue.

Question 56

What hormone is used to detect pregnancy in a home pregnancy test?

A) FSH
B) LH
C) HCG
D) Progesterone

Question 57

Which phase involves high levels of estrogen and progesterone to cause the uterine lining to continue to thicken and the endometrial glands to secrete glycogen as a nutritional source for a fertilized egg?

A) Follicular phase
B) Luteal phase
C) Secretory phase
D) Proliferative phase

Question 58

Which female reproductive system disorder is characterized by the growth of endometrium in additional places other than the uterus?

A) Breast cancer
B) Cervical cancer
C) Endometriosis
D) Fibroids

Question 59

What happens on day 14 of a woman's sexual cycle?

A) A woman starts her period.
B) A mature follicle ruptures and releases an egg.
C) The primordial follicle develops.
D) FSH levels begin to decrease.

Question 60

Which diagnostic test allows visualization of the vagina and cervix?

A) Hysteroscopy
B) Mammogram
C) Pap smear
D) Colposcopy

Question 61

What is the correct sequence of the journey for mature sperm?

A) Epididymis - ductus deferens - prostatic urethra - ejaculatory duct - penile urethra - vagina - uterus - uterine tube
B) Epididymis - ductus deferens - ejaculatory duct - prostatic urethra - penile urethra -uterine tube - vagina - uterus
C) Epididymis - ductus deferens - ejaculatory duct - prostatic urethra - penile urethra - vagina - uterus - uterine tube
D) Ejaculatory duct - prostatic urethra - epididymis - ductus deferens - penile urethra - vagina - uterus - uterine tube

Question 62

Which female reproductive system disorder is characterized by the growth of noncancerous tumors in the uterus?

A) Breast cancer
B) Cervical cancer
C) Endometriosis
D) Fibroids

Question 63

Which statement is false regarding nutritional requirements for pregnancy?

A) Calcium is necessary for bone development in the fetus and bone maintenance in the mother.
B) Folic acid is important to prevent birth defects, especially those concerning neural development.
C) Protein is not important for fetal growth during the second and third trimester.
D) Iron is important for increased hemoglobin production to maintain the increased blood volume.

Question 64

Which of the following is a requirement for pregnancy to occur?

A) There must be a sperm and an egg.
B) The sperm must meet and fertilize the egg.
C) The fertilized egg must implant in the uterus.
D) All of these must happen for pregnancy to occur.

Question 65

Which hormone is produced first by the corpus luteum and then by the placenta?

A) Human chorionic somatomammotropin
B) Progesterone
C) Estrogen
D) Human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 66

Which term describes painful periods?

A) Mastectomy
B) Oophorectomy
C) Hysterectomy
D) Dysmenorrhea

Question 67

Which of the following is the last step in the process of fertilization?

A) A sperm fuses with the egg's plasma membrane.
B) The sperm nucleus enters the egg, and the egg immediately prevents any further sperm from gaining access by forming a fertilization membrane that a sperm cannot penetrate.
C) The nuclei of the sperm and egg rupture within the fertilized egg and the chromosomes mix to form a single nucleus.
D) The capacitated sperm release their acrosomal enzymes to penetrate through the cells surrounding the egg.

Question 68

Which term describes removal of a tumor found in the breast?

A) Mastectomy
B) Oophorectomy
C) Hysterectomy
D) Lumpectomy

Question 69

Which of the following initiates the birth process?

A) CRH targets the fetal anterior pituitary to release ACTH.
B) Progesterone production levels decrease around six months, while estrogen levels keep increasing making the uterus more likely to contract.
C) The hypothalamus signals the posterior pituitary to secrete oxytocin.
D) All of these happen to initiate the birth process.

Question 70

Which hormone from the developing blastocyst causes the corpus luteum to continue to secrete estrogen and progesterone?

A) Human chorionic somatomammotropin
B) Progesterone
C) Estrogen
D) Human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 71

Which term refers to the thinning of the cervix during the birth process?

A) Dilation
B) Effacement
C) Episiotomy
D) Crowning

Question 72

What type of cell division does the zygote perform?

A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis I
D) The zygote does not divide.

Question 73

Which term describes removal of the uterus?

A) Mastectomy
B) Oophorectomy
C) Hysterectomy
D) Dysmenorrhea

Question 74

Which hormone causes the breasts to double in size,encourages the external genitalia and uterus to grow,causes the uterus to be more irritable,and causes the pubic symphysis to become more elastic?

A) Human chorionic somatomammotropin
B) Progesterone
C) Estrogen
D) Human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 75

Which of the following is the second step in the process of fertilization?

A) A sperm fuses with the egg's plasma membrane.
B) The sperm nucleus enters the egg, and the egg immediately prevents any further sperm from gaining access by forming a fertilization membrane that a sperm cannot penetrate.
C) The nuclei of the sperm and egg rupture within the fertilized egg and the chromosomes mix to form a single nucleus.
D) The capacitated sperm release their acrosomal enzymes to penetrate through the cells surrounding the egg.

Question 76

Which of the following is the first step in the process of fertilization?

A) A sperm fuses with the egg's plasma membrane.
B) The sperm nucleus enters the egg, and the egg immediately prevents any further sperm from gaining access by forming a fertilization membrane that a sperm cannot penetrate.
C) The nuclei of the sperm and egg rupture within the fertilized egg and the chromosomes mix to form a single nucleus.
D) The capacitated sperm release their acrosomal enzymes to penetrate through the cells surrounding the egg.

Question 77

Which hormone suppresses uterine contractions,promotes a rich lining of the uterus for the developing blastocyst and embryo to feed upon,and promotes the development of mammary glands and ducts?

A) Human chorionic somatomammotropin
B) Progesterone
C) Estrogen
D) Human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 78

Which of the following is not an accommodation that the woman's body makes during pregnancy?

A) Decreased motility in the digestive system
B) Cardiac output decreases 30% due to her increased blood volume
C) Kidneys produce more urine because her blood volume is increased
D) Respiratory ventilation increases 50%

Question 79

Which hormone regulates carbohydrate and protein metabolism so that glucose and amino acids are available in the blood for the developing fetus?

A) Human chorionic somatomammotropin
B) Progesterone
C) Estrogen
D) Human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 80

Which term describes removal of the breast?

A) Mastectomy
B) Oophorectomy
C) Hysterectomy
D) Lumpectomy