Deck 18: The Legal Environment and Structure of Labor Unions

Question 1

A union shop agreement requires employees to join a union and remain members as a condition of employment.

Answer 1

True
Explanation: A union shop agreement requires employees to join a union and remain members as a condition of employment.

Question 2

Truck Drivers Union,a small labor union in terms of membership,merged into a considerably larger union,Global Drivers Union.This is an example of an absorption.

Answer 2

True
Explanation: An absorption involves the merging of one union into a considerably larger one. Therefore, the merging of Truck Drivers Union and Global Drivers Union is an example of absorption.

Question 3

Yellow-dog contracts were made illegal by the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

Answer 3

False
Explanation: Yellow-dog contracts were used until they were declared illegal by the Norris-La Guardia Act of 1932.

Question 4

According to 2003 data obtained from the U.S.department of Labor,African Americans were less likely to be union members than were whites,Asians,and Hispanics.

Question 5

Right-to-work laws are now illegal in all 50 states due to the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act.

Question 6

The Hitchman Coal & Coke Co.v.Mitchell case upheld the legality of yellow-dog contracts.

Question 7

The Civil Service Reform Act was the first important piece of prolabor legislation in the United States.

Question 8

Both skilled and unskilled workers in a particular industry or group of industries are members of an industrial union.

Question 9

The Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA)is composed of four members usually from a single political party.

Question 10

An injunction prohibits an employer from hiring anyone other than a union member.

Question 11

Executive orders are issued for managing and operating private organizations.

Question 12

Craft unions can include skilled and unskilled workers,whereas industrial unions can enroll only skilled workers.

Question 13

As per the Clayton Act,the labor of a human being is not a commodity or article of commerce.

Question 14

The Taft-Hartley Act was the first act to make yellow-dog contracts unenforceable and severely restrict the use of injunctions.

Question 15

A yellow-dog contract makes it mandatory for all employees to join a labor union.

Question 16

Federal Services Impasses Panel (FSIP)is an entity within the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).

Question 17

According to the conspiracy doctrine,a labor union could be punished if either the means used or the ends sought were deemed illegal by the courts.

Question 18

Historically,labor unions in the U.S.have gained their strength from blue-collar production workers.

Question 19

A strike is the collective refusal of employees to work.

Question 20

The demands of the unions that appeared between 1790 and 1820 in America were similar to those of unions today.Unions wanted job security,higher wages,and shorter working hours.

Question 21

A condition prohibiting an employer from hiring anyone other than a union member is called a(n):

A) cartel agreement.
B) lockout.
C) closed shop.
D) embargo.

Question 22

In a labor dispute between the employees and owners of Arrow Products Inc.,a local court has been asked to issue an injunction.Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the use of injunctions in this situation?

A) Injunctions are usually sought by an employer.
B) Violations of an injunction will result in a contempt-of-court charge.
C) Courts place a narrow interpretation on the term property.
D) Injunctions are prolabor.

Question 23

The ____,passed in 1935,gave employees the right to organize unions,bargain collectively with employers,and engage in other concerted actions for the purpose of mutual protection.

A) Railway Labor Act
B) Wagner Act
C) Taft-Hartley Act
D) Clayton Act

Question 24

The landmark decision by the Supreme Court of Massachusetts in the Commonwealth v.Hunt case was significant because it:

A) rejected the doctrine that the actions of labor unions were illegal per se.
B) limited the use of injunctions.
C) outlawed yellow-dog contracts.
D) guaranteed right-to-work for employees regardless of whether they were union members.

Question 25

The Taft-Hartley Act did all of the following EXCEPT:

A) eliminating most closed shop hiring arrangements.
B) reducing the size of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).
C) making excessive union initiation fees illegal.
D) outlawing secondary boycotts.

Question 26

Which of the following acts is also known as the Wagner Act?

A) The Clayton Act
B) The Labor-management Relations Act
C) The National Labor Relations Act
D) The Labor-management Reporting and Disclosure Act

Question 27

An agreement between an employee and an employer stipulating that,as a condition of employment,the worker would not join a labor union is known as a(n):

A) cartel.
B) embargo.
C) blacklist contract.
D) yellow-dog contract.

Question 28

The management of Neova Chemicals Inc.wants to use its rights provided under the free-speech clause of the Taft-Hartley act.Thus,under this clause the management of Neova Chemicals:

A) has the right to express its opinion about unions to its employees, provided they carry no threat of reprisal.
B) can initiate yellow-dog contracts.
C) can issue injunctions.
D) has the right to make a slander or libel about union leaders, provided it is in the best interest of the owners of the company.

Question 29

A court order to stop an action that can result in irreparable damage to property when a situation is such that no adequate remedy is available is known as a(n):

A) embargo.
B) injunction.
C) secondary boycott.
D) lockout.

Question 30

A notion that courts can punish a union if they deem that the means used or the ends sought by the union are illegal is known as the:

A) conspiracy doctrine.
B) contract bar doctrine.
C) captive-audience doctrine.
D) just cause doctrine.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Hitchman Coal & Coke Co.v.Mitchell case?

A) It led to the passage of the Clayton Act.
B) It led to the Supreme Court's decision of applying the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to all unions.
C) It upheld the legality of yellow-dog contracts.
D) It resulted in the narrow interpretation of the term property by the U.S. Supreme Court.

Question 32

The ____ made yellow-dog contracts unenforceable and severely restricted the use of injunctions.

A) Railway Labor Act
B) Norris-La Guardia Act
C) Wagner Act
D) Taft-Hartley Act

Question 33

Which of the following acts was called the "Industrial Magna Carta" by Samuel Gompers,one of the leading spokespersons of the early labor movement?

A) The Norris-La Guardia Act
B) The Sherman Anti-Trust Act
C) The Railway Labor Act
D) The Clayton Act

Question 34

The federal law which made closed shops and preferential shops illegal was the:

A) Hatch Act.
B) Norris-La Guardia Act.
C) Taft-Hartley Act.
D) Wagner Act.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Norris-La Guardia Act?

A) It declared yellow-dog contracts as legal.
B) It did not require management to bargain with their union.
C) It did not restrict the use of injunctions by employers.
D) It established administrative procedures to ensure implementation of employee rights.

Question 36

Labor unions typically bargain for all of the following EXCEPT:

A) management takeover.
B) shorter working hours.
C) job security.
D) higher wages.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Taft-Hartley Act?

A) It prohibited the practice of union hiring hall in the construction industry.
B) It permitted preferential shop agreements.
C) It was passed to legalize secondary boycotts.
D) It was an amendment and extension of the Wagner Act.

Question 38

____ is a landmark case of 1908 in which the Supreme Court ruled that the Sherman Anti-Trust Act applied to all unions.

A) Hitchman Coal & Coke Company case
B) Danbury Hatters case
C) Commonwealth v. Hunt case
D) Duplex Printing Co. v. Deering case

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Railway Labor Act?

A) It set up the administrative machinery for handling labor relations within the railroad industry.
B) It upheld the legality of yellow-dog contracts for railroad employees.
C) It established the Office of the General Counsel to administer the act within the railroad industry.
D) It was extended to the manufacturing industry in 1936.

Question 40

Which of the following acts established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)?

A) The Railway Labor Act
B) The Wagner Act
C) The Taft-Hartley Act
D) The Norris-La Guardia Act

Question 41

Which of the following acts is aimed primarily at regulating internal union affairs and protecting the rights of individual union members?

A) The Wagner Act
B) The Norris-La Guardia Act
C) The Landrum-Griffin Act
D) The Taft-Hartley Act

Question 42

Which of the following statements is true regarding the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO)?

A) It negotiates all union contracts in the United States.
B) It is a federation of unions.
C) It administers the Civil Service Reform Act.
D) Its members are appointed by the President.

Question 43

The largest organizational unit within the union movement emerged with the merger between the:

A) United Mine Workers and the American Federation of Labor.
B) Knights of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
C) American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
D) Knights of Labor and the United Mine Workers.

Question 44

Define the conspiracy doctrine.

Question 45

Explain injunctions.

Question 46

Explain the Taft-Hartley Act.

Question 47

The ____ is an entity within the Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA).

A) Federal Services Impasses Panel (FSIP)
B) National Mediation Board
C) Office of the General Counsel
D) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

Question 48

Describe the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).

Question 49

Explain the Wagner Act.

Question 50

Define the Railway Labor Act.

Question 51

Which of the following unions had only skilled workers as members?

A) Production unions
B) Industrial unions
C) Craft unions
D) Farmer unions

Question 52

List the main provisions of the Landrum-Griffin Act.

Question 53

In the context of labor union mergers,distinguish between an amalgamation and absorption.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true regarding the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)?

A) The board is a seven-member panel.
B) It was established by the Clayton Act.
C) Its members are appointed by the President of the United States.
D) The board members serve for a three-year term.

Question 55

True Workers Union (TWU)and Save Employees Union (SEU)have merged to form a new union called the Union of True Employees (UTE).This is an example of a(n)____.

A) absorption
B) acquisition
C) amalgamation
D) diversification

Question 56

List the main provisions of the Civil Service Reform Act.

Question 57

Which of the following organizations administers the Civil Service Reform Act?

A) The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
B) The Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA)
C) The Office of the General Counsel
D) The National Mediation Board

Question 58

Employees in the state of Arizona are protected under the right-to-work laws.What does this imply?

A) Employees are mandatorily required by the state to join a union.
B) No employer can terminate an employee based on poor performance.
C) Employees in unionized organizations are represented by a union even if they do not belong to the union.
D) Employers are required to support unions and their activities by paying a part of their initiation fees.

Question 59

Explain right-to-work laws.

Question 60

A state's position regarding the right-to-work provision is determined by:

A) the federal government's mandate.
B) a state's own law.
C) workers' votes under the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) oversight.
D) each organization within a state.