Deck 32: Evolution of Plants

Question 1

In double fertilization,the second fertilization after fertilization of the egg occurs with the:

A) carpel
B) pollen
C) synergids
D) polar nuclei

Answer 1

D

Question 2

There are ___________ species of mosses worldwide.

A) 10
B) 100
C) 800
D) 9,500

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The first seed plants were the:

A) ferns
B) gymnosperms
C) angiosperms
D) monocots

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Monocots typically have leaves with _________ veins and flowers with ______ parts per whorl.

A) netlike;3
B) netlike;4 to 5
C) parallel;3
D) parallel;4 to 5
E) netlike;6

Question 5

All of the following are methods plants have evolved to help them conserve water EXCEPT for:

A) a waxy cuticle
B) stomata
C) spores
D) mycorrhizae

Question 6

During the sporophyte generation in the life cycle of a fern,the plant releases _______________ that germinate and become gametophytes.

A) haploid spores
B) diploid spores
C) haploid gametes
D) diploid gametes

Question 7

In a seed plant,the pollen grains are actually tiny:

A) female gametophytes
B) seeds
C) male gametophytes
D) eggs

Question 8

The second whorl of flowers is made up of ____________ with the purpose of __________________.

A) sepals;protection
B) carpel;housing the egg cell
C) petals;attracting pollinators
D) stamens;housing pollen

Question 9

_____________ are plants with primitive conducting systems.

A) Mosses
B) Coniferous trees
C) Liverworts and hornworts
D) Ferns

Question 10

Flowers frequented by insects are typically not _____ because insects cannot detect this color.

A) yellow
B) red
C) blue
D) white

Question 11

Dicots evolved _________ monocots.

A) before
B) after

Question 12

In order to disperse water throughout themselves more effectively,plants evolved:

A) pores
B) vascular systems
C) circulatory systems
D) high pressure in their roots

Question 13

Among the longest-surviving group of gymnosperms,the ___________ had relatives alive on earth during the days of the dinosaur.

A) cycads
B) dicots
C) monocots
D) ferns

Question 14

The process by which flowers evolved brighter colors,nectar rewards,and fragrances to attract pollinators that themselves became adapted to certain types of flowers is called:

A) nutrient cycling
B) narrowing niche breadth
C) artificial selection
D) coevolution

Question 15

What kinds of angiosperms have reverted to wind pollination?

A) Oaks
B) Grasses
C) Birches
D) All of these

Question 16

There are an estimated ______________ species of plants alive today.

A) 1,000
B) 8,500
C) 15,000
D) 300,000

Question 17

The first vascular plants occurred in the fossil record _________ years ago.

A) 430 million
B) 1 million
C) 100,000
D) 4.5 billion

Question 18

The first successful land plants,even though they lacked vascular tissue,were the:

A) mosses
B) coniferous trees
C) liverworts and hornworts
D) ferns

Question 19

Early vascular plants grew by only cell division at the tips of the stems and shoots,a type of growth called:

A) primary growth
B) secondary growth
C) wood
D) vascular growth

Question 20

The symbiotic relationship with fungi called mycorrhizae:

A) allow plants to take up minerals such as phosphorus
B) cause disease in the infected plant
C) only benefit the fungus
D) existed only millions of years ago

Question 21

Which phyla lacks a vascular system?

A) Pterophyta
B) Gnetophyta
C) Ginkgophyta
D) Hepaticophyta
E) Arthophyta

Question 22

The embryo is located inside the cotyledon.

Question 23

The ______________________________ occurs when a gametophyte generation alternates with a sporophyte generation.

Question 24

All of the following are correct about dicots except:

A) they are likely the first angiosperms
B) they have leaves with netlike (reticulate)veins
C) they have flower parts in fours and fives
D) grasses are an example
E) oak trees are an example

Question 25

_______________________ are symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots.

Question 26

Gametophyte generations produce ____________.

Question 27

The outermost whorl of a flower is called the:

A) sepals
B) petals
C) stamens
D) carpel

Question 28

A fruit is a mature ripened ______ containing fertilized seeds.

A) ovule
B) cotyledon
C) monocot
D) ovary

Question 29

Although many fruits are dispersed by animals,fruits like the coconut are dispersed by __________.

A) wind
B) water
C) bees
D) mosquitoes
E) butterflies

Question 30

When you see a fern,the large plant you are looking at is the:

A) endosperm
B) gametophyte
C) sporophyte
D) rhizoid
E) antheridium

Question 31

Moths are attracted to _________ flowers that are heavily scented.

A) red
B) pink
C) white
D) yellow
E) blue

Question 32

Which of the following typically pollinates red flowers?

A) Bees
B) Moths
C) Butterflies
D) Water
E) Hummingbirds

Question 33

A seed has three parts: an embryo,a source of food for the developing embryo called __________,and a protective cover.

A) antheridium
B) endosperm
C) rhizoid
D) ovule
E) cone

Question 34

A ___________ is an opening into the outermost layer of a leaf.

Question 35

Which phyla do ferns belong to?

A) Lycophyta
B) Pterophyta
C) Gnetophyta
D) Ginkgophyta
E) Arthophyta

Question 36

All of the following are parts of the carpel except:

A) ovary
B) style
C) stamen
D) stigma

Question 37

Seedless vascular plants,like ferns,require ________ for fertilization.

A) water
B) bees
C) wind
D) animals
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 38

When spores are released from the underside of the fern frond,they fall to the ground where they germinate,growing into:

A) haploid gametophytes
B) diploid sporophytes
C) haploid sporophytes
D) diploid gametophytes

Question 39

All of the following phyla belong to the Gymnosperms except:

A) Coniferophyta
B) Lycophyta
C) Ginkgophyta
D) Cycadophyta
E) Gnetophyta

Question 40

Plants are _____________ because they can produce their own food.

Question 41

What three features serve to distinguish vascular plants from nonvascular plants?

Question 42

Why is the evolution of secondary growth important for plants?

Question 43

The _________ are the most abundant type of seedless vascular plant.

Question 44

_________ surrounds the seed(s)in flowering plants,aiding in dispersal.

Question 45

How do the seeds of angiosperms differ from those of gymnosperms?

Question 46

Flower parts are connected to a base called a _____________________.

Question 47

A common name for secondary plant growth in stems is ________.

Question 48

In some seeds,_____________ is used up in the formation of the cotyledons.

Question 49

List two of several of the adaptations plants evolved to enhance their survival on land.

Question 50

Of what advantage might it be for a plant to produce a seed rather than to be seedless?