Deck 30: Chemical Signaling Within the Animal Body

Question 1

The receptor for steroid hormones lies:

A) in the cytoplasm
B) within the cell membrane
C) in the glycocalyx of the cell membrane
D) in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Calcitonin is produced by the:

A) thyroid gland
B) adrenal medulla
C) parathyroid glands
D) anterior pituitary

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A deficiency in thyroxin can result in:

A) a rapid metabolic rate
B) weight loss
C) mental retardation in the young
D) a reduced thyroid

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The master controller of the neuroendocrine system is the:

A) pituitary gland
B) thalamus
C) cerebrum
D) hypothalamus

Question 5

The effects of ____________,a hormone that causes color changes in reptiles,are poorly understood in humans.

A) prolactin
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone
C) melanocyte-stimulating hormone
D) somatotropin

Question 6

Hormones are effective because they are:

A) each effective on every cell in the body
B) recognized by specific receptors
C) produced by the body
D) faster than nervous impulses

Question 7

________________ hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of muscle and bone throughout the body.

A) Follicle-stimulating
B) Adrenocorticotropic
C) Prolactin
D) Growth

Question 8

______________ stimulates carbohydrate metabolism and reduces inflammation,and synthetic forms of this hormone have been used as anti-inflammatory agents.

A) ACTH
B) Epinephrine
C) Aldosterone
D) Cortisol

Question 9

One of the two hormones the body cannot survive without is:

A) parathyroid hormone
B) growth hormone
C) follicle-stimulating hormone
D) norepinephrine

Question 10

_______________ hormone stimulates the male gonads to produce testosterone and triggers ovulation in females.

A) Adrenocorticotropic
B) Follicle-stimulating
C) Luteinizing
D) Growth

Question 11

Parathyroid hormone acts to ensure:

A) sodium levels in urine are constant
B) potassium levels in the blood don't escalate
C) calcium levels in the blood never drop too low
D) amounts of water in the blood are sufficient

Question 12

An absolute deficiency in beta cells of the pancreas results in:

A) type I diabetes
B) type II diabetes
C) pancreatitis
D) excessive calcium in the blood

Question 13

In this disease,the number of insulin receptors on target cells is abnormally low.

A) Goiter
B) Type II diabetes
C) Type I diabetes
D) Gallbladder disease

Question 14

One of the two adrenal medulla hormones that can be thought of as an extension of the sympathetic nervous system is:

A) ACTH
B) epinephrine
C) aldosterone
D) cortisol

Question 15

_______________ hormone stimulates the adrenal gland to produce several steroid hormones.

A) Adrenocorticotropic
B) Follicle-stimulating
C) Luteinizing
D) Growth

Question 16

A second messenger:

A) is cyclic AMP
B) serves to amplify the signal
C) activates protein kinases
D) All of these are correct.

Question 17

_______________ hormone is significant in the female menstrual cycle,causing ovaries to become ready for ovulation.

A) Follicle-stimulating
B) Adrenocorticotropic
C) Prolactin
D) Growth

Question 18

____________ regulates the kidney's retention of water.Its secretion is suppressed by alcohol.

A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) Thyroxin
D) Vasopressin (ADH)

Question 19

The adrenal cortex releases ______________,which stimulates the kidney to take up extra sodium ions.

A) aldosterone
B) epinephrine
C) glucose
D) ADH

Question 20

Receptors for peptide hormones lie:

A) in the nucleus of the cell
B) in the cytoplasm
C) within the cell membrane
D) in association with ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 21

Which of the following is an advantage of using chemical hormones as messengers rather than electrical signals to control body organs?

A) Different hormones can be targeted to different tissues because they are all chemically different.
B) Chemical signals can persist longer.
C) Chemical signals can spread to all tissues via the blood.
D) Chemical signals are needed in only small amounts.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 22

Hormones secreted by endocrine glands belong to all the following chemical categories except:

A) carbohydrates
B) polypeptides
C) glycoproteins
D) amines
E) steroids

Question 23

_______________ is the hormone released by the pancreas to lower levels of glucose in the blood.

Question 24

All steroid hormones in the body are manufactured from ______________.

Question 25

When calcium levels in the blood are low,the ________ produces _______ which stimulates the breakdown of bone,releasing calcium.

A) parathyroid gland;parathyroid hormone
B) pituitary gland;growth hormone
C) pancreas;glucagon
D) adrenal glands;norepinephrine
E) adrenal glands;aldosterone

Question 26

Prolactin stimulates the breasts to produce milk,which is released in response to oxytocin.

Question 27

____________________ are peptide hormones derived from tyrosine and tryptophan.

Question 28

Both males and females produce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Question 29

Excessive alcohol and caffeine consumption stimulate antidiuretic hormone and promote water retention.

Question 30

The peptide hormone,____________,regulates the kidney's retention of water.

Question 31

The posterior pituitary releases ____________ that stimulates uterine contractions.

Question 32

Which of the following is incorrect about anabolic steroids?

A) Injected into muscles,they activate growth genes that lead to larger muscles.
B) They can lead to liver damage.
C) Side effects include acne and balding.
D) They enhance testicular function.
E) In women,they cause masculinization.

Question 33

Joe has recently lost a lot of weight,has an increased heart rate and elevated body temperature.What gland might not be working right?

A) Parathyroid
B) Thyroid
C) Adrenal
D) Pancreas

Question 34

The posterior lobe of the pituitary releases ________,which stimulates contractions of the uterus during labor.

A) oxytocin
B) estrogen
C) prolactin
D) growth hormone
E) luteinizing hormone

Question 35

Which hormone would be released in times of stress that causes increased blood flow to the heart and lungs as well as higher blood pressure?

A) Calcitonin
B) Vasopressin
C) Testosterone
D) Parathyroid
E) Epinephrine

Question 36

Which organ secretes estrogen which stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics in females?

A) Adrenal medulla
B) Adrenal cortex
C) Ovary
D) Pancreas
E) Parathyroid glands

Question 37

Tumors of the pituitary gland can produce giants.

Question 38

The adrenal glands are located:

A) at the base of the neck
B) on the kidneys
C) in the brain
D) in the testes
E) attached to the thyroid gland

Question 39

Peptide hormones employ ______________ that amplify the response of the cell.

Question 40

Which of the following hormones is a steroid hormone?

A) Antidiuretic hormone
B) Luteinizing hormone
C) Progesterone
D) Insulin
E) Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 41

Why are anabolic steroid hormones so dangerous?

Question 42

_______________ hormone is produced by the four little parathyroid glands.

Question 43

Why is it so important to have several controls over the amount of calcium in the blood?

Question 44

The adrenal ___________ releases adrenaline and norepinephrine.

Question 45

The anterior pituitary hormone,__________,stimulates the breasts to produce milk.

Question 46

A condition called a _____________ is caused by a lack of iodine in the diet.

Question 47

Explain how blood glucose is kept constant through the actions of hormones.

Question 48

What are the three advantages of using hormones as messengers rather than nerves to control bodily processes?

Question 49

Explain how the hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary.