Deck 25: The Path of Food Through the Animal Body

Question 1

The first site of protein digestion in the digestive system is:

A) in the small intestines
B) in the stomach
C) the mouth
D) the esophagus

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which is incorrect concerning the large intestine?

A) It is about 1 meter long.
B) Its major function is to store solid waste.
C) Many bacteria live there and produce gas.
D) It is lined with villi.
E) No digestion takes place there.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which section of the small intestine is devoted to absorbing water and the products of digestion into the bloodstream?

A) Ileum
B) Duodenum
C) Jejunum

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Rodents and lagomorphs have evolved an efficient method of digesting cellulose that involves:

A) a special structure called a rumen
B) coprophagy
C) production of vitamin K
D) an abundance of stomach microorganisms

Question 5

The first site of starch breakdown in the digestive system is:

A) in the small intestines
B) in the stomach
C) the mouth
D) the esophagus

Question 6

Most digestion and the major site of absorption is in the:

A) cecum
B) colon
C) small intestine
D) large intestine

Question 7

Which substance emulsifies fats in the small intestine?

A) Bicarbonate
B) Bile
C) Digestive enzymes
D) Hydrochloric acid
E) Chymotrypsin

Question 8

One main reason kidneys filter the blood is to dispose of:

A) toxic nitrogen-containing by-products of protein metabolism
B) excessive calories in the body
C) toxic levels of glucose
D) excess water

Question 9

Fats have __________ calories per gram,while carbohydrates and proteins both have __________ calories per gram.

A) 9.3;4.1
B) 4.1;9.3
C) 10;5
D) 17.6;6.5

Question 10

Microvilli are present to increase the area available for absorption in the:

A) small intestine
B) large intestine
C) stomach
D) gallbladder

Question 11

______ is secreted by the pancreas to neutralize acid in chyme.

A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Bile
C) Chymotrypsin
D) Insulin
E) Bicarbonate

Question 12

An example of a trace element in the diet is:

A) cobalt
B) carbohydrates
C) protein
D) calcium

Question 13

The __________ secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate solution into the small intestine to aid digestion.

A) liver
B) gallbladder
C) spleen
D) pancreas

Question 14

Essential organic substances that are used in only tiny amounts by the body are called:

A) trace elements
B) hormones
C) vitamins
D) minerals

Question 15

Humans excrete their excess nitrogenous wastes as:

A) uric acid crystals
B) compounds containing protein
C) very toxic ammonia
D) relatively nontoxic urea

Question 16

Within the stomach lining,special cells secrete substances to aid digestion.Which type of cells secretes hydrochloric acid?

A) Parietal cells
B) Chief cells
C) Enteroendocrine cells
D) Mucous cells

Question 17

Animals that consume both plant material and other animals are called:

A) herbivores
B) carnivores
C) omnivores
D) detritivores

Question 18

The pancreatic hormone _____________ reduces levels of glucose in the blood by increasing glucose absorption by certain body cells.

A) glucagon
B) somatostatin
C) insulin
D) glycogen

Question 19

It is possible to determine the nature of an animal diet just by looking at the teeth of the animal.

Question 20

The optimal diet contains:

A) more carbohydrates than fats
B) the right amount of essential nutrients
C) sufficient calories to supply the body's energy needs
D) All of these

Question 21

Intrinsic factor is made by parietal cells of the ___________ and needed for the intestinal absorption of _________.

A) mouth;iron
B) duodenum;calcium
C) stomach;vitamin B₁₂
D) large intestine;fat
E) appendix;protein

Question 22

The hormone ________ regulates the synthesis of HCl by parietal cells.

A) gastrin
B) insulin
C) pepsin
D) glucagons

Question 23

The most primitive digestive tract is seen in ________.

A) nematodes
B) earthworms
C) salamanders
D) birds
E) insects

Question 24

Which is incorrect concerning ulcers?

A) More than 90% are in the duodenum.
B) They may occur when excess acid damages the tissue.
C) Susceptibility is increased by an infection with Helicobacter pylori.
D) Antibiotics can cure an ulcer.
E) They can occur if bile fails to neutralize the acidic chyme which enters the duodenum.

Question 25

Which vitamin deficiency results in scurvy?

A) Folic acid
B) Vitamin K
C) Niacin
D) Vitamin C
E) Vitamin E

Question 26

The arrival of ________ in the duodenum triggers the release of bile by the gallbladder.

A) carbohydrates
B) protein
C) vitamins
D) fats
E) minerals

Question 27

All mammals rely on intestinal bacteria to synthesize _________.

A) some amino acids
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin D
D) calcium
E) bile

Question 28

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency is known as ________.

A) pellagra
B) rickets
C) pernicious anemia
D) beriberi
E) scurvy

Question 29

Which mammal is able to synthesize all the vitamin C (ascorbic acid)it needs?

A) Humans
B) Monkeys
C) Dogs
D) Guinea pigs
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 30

Put the terms in the correct order for the path food takes in a ruminant.

A) rumen → reticulum → omasum → abomasum
B) omasum → reticulum → abomasum → rumen
C) reticulum → abomasum → rumen → omasum
D) abomasum → rumen → omasum → reticulum

Question 31

The portion of tooth that projects above the gums is called the:

A) dentin
B) pulp
C) crown
D) enamel
E) cementum

Question 32

All blood leaving the stomach and intestine goes to the ________.

A) heart
B) kidneys
C) liver
D) gallbladder
E) pancreas

Question 33

Which animal has a four-chambered stomach?

A) Rabbit
B) Deer
C) Horses
D) Insects
E) Fish

Question 34

Bile is made in the _________ and stored in the _________.

A) stomach;liver
B) liver;gallbladder
C) cecum;appendix
D) rectum;pancreas
E) pancreas;gallbladder

Question 35

Birds have a ________ which contains small pebbles that grind up seeds and other hard plant material.

A) throat
B) small intestine
C) gizzard
D) cecum
E) bladder

Question 36

A layer of calcified tissue called _______ surrounds the pulp cavity of a tooth.

A) pulp
B) enamel
C) dentin
D) the crown
E) cementum

Question 37

Which of the following would constitute a normal BMI?

A) 38
B) 20
C) 16
D) 27

Question 38

The islets of Langerhans are in the ________ and produce ________.

A) pancreas;insulin
B) stomach;hydrochloric acid
C) stomach;intrinsic factor
D) mouth;saliva
E) liver;bile

Question 39

In rodents,horses,and lagomorphs,the digestion of cellulose takes place in the ____________.

A) stomach
B) anus
C) mouth
D) cecum
E) large intestine

Question 40

All vertebrates cannot synthesize certain polyunsaturated fats and must obtain them in the diet.

Question 41

The digestive tube leading from the mouth to the stomach is the ________________.

Question 42

What is the purpose of the bicarbonate solution released by the pancreas into the small intestine?

Question 43

The amino acids we cannot produce within our bodies that are necessary for good health are termed ____________ amino acids.

Question 44

Excessive acid produced by the stomach can erode a hole,called an ______________,in the lining of the stomach.

Question 45

Food moves through the digestive system with the aid of ______________,special muscular contractions of the food tube.

Question 46

A function of the pancreas is to remove toxins,pesticides,and other poisons from the blood.

Question 47

The islets of Langerhans produce bicarbonate.

Question 48

Why are so many nutritionists recommending that Americans increase the intake of fiber in their diets?

Question 49

What are the three main functions of the stomach?