Deck 3: Variations in American Family Life

Question 1

In Colonial families, adolescence

A)was considered to be an important transitional stage.
B)was celebrated with many rituals.
C)involved strenuous rights of passage for both boys and girls.
D)did not exist as a separate life stage.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The most crucial factor that enabled people to survive the oppression of enslavement, the difficulties of immigration, and the impoverishment induced by industrialization was

A)economic success.
B)social agencies.
C)the family.
D)political ideology.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The greatest diversity of American family life probably existed among

A)the European colonists.
B)the Native Americans.
C)African-Americans.
D)immigrants to America.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Native American families tended to share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

A)large family size.
B)high child mortality rates.
C)ceremonies and rituals marking adulthood.
D)rare use of physical discipline.

Question 5

Most Native American families in the Colonial Era practiced

A)polygamy.
B)polyandry.
C)polygyny.
D)monogamy.

Question 6

In the colonial family, the married woman was

A)considered an equal.
B)allowed the right to inherit or sell property.
C)thought of as a helpmate.
D)economically independent.

Question 7

Most immigrants

A)experienced hostility.
B)arrived in America with skills.
C)were eager to leave their homeland.
D)did not know where they would go once they got to America.

Question 8

The European colonists who came to America attempted to replicate their familiar family system that emphasized allof the following EXCEPT

A)family as an economic and social institution.
B)romantic love as the basis of mate selection.
C)subordination of women.
D)family-centered reproduction.

Question 9

Under slavery, the African-American family lacked _____ and _____ which helped give free African-Americans and whites stability.

A)autonomy; kinship ties
B)monogamy; economic importance
C)autonomy; economic importance
D)strong emotional bonds; economic importance

Question 10

Industrialization created allof the following EXCEPT

A)self-sufficiency.
B)breadwinners.
C)housewives.
D)"real" work.

Question 11

The first year after freedom for the African-Americans was called

A)the "Hallelujah" time.
B)the "traveling" time.
C)the "searching" time.
D)the "wandering" time.

Question 12

In colonial times, children were often "bound out" or "fostered" as apprentices or domestic servants between the ages of

A)7 and 12.
B)5 and 7.
C)9 and 15.
D)10 and 13.

Question 13

As a result of industrialization,

A)American families became more self-sufficient.
B)men's work was given higher status than women's work.
C)the family became more important as a work unit.
D)women lost power in terms of marital choice and frequency of intercourse.

Question 14

American marriages and families are dynamic and must be understood as the products of wider _____ developments.

A)cultural
B)demographic
C)technological
D)all of the above

Question 15

Slave marriages were

A)recognized as legal only in the North.
B)recognized as legal if the slaves had written permission from their owners to marry.
C)recognized as legal only if both slaves had the same owner.
D)not recognized as legal.

Question 16

The first slaves were brought to what today is the United States in

A)1809.
B)1709.
C)1619.
D)1532.

Question 17

During the Depression unemployment jumped from 3 million in 1929 to over _____ in 1932.

A)6 million
B)12 million
C)15 million
D)1 billion

Question 18

The nineteenth century witnessed the most dramatic decline in fertility in American history dropping by

A)10%.
B)90%.
C)66%.
D)50%.

Question 19

After industrialization,

A)the family became a unit of production.
B)adolescents became economically independent.
C)women began to control the frequency of intercourse.
D)the belief in childhood innocence was replaced by the idea that children are evil.

Question 20

The colonial family considered children as

A)innocent.
B)evil by nature.
C)the center of their life.
D)economical units.

Question 21

In the contemporary family, _____ have had great impact on reshaping the meaning and experiences of sexuality and parenthood.

A)changes in divorce laws
B)education and religious training
C)revolutions in contraception and biomedical technology
D)economic and political changes

Question 22

In the contemporary family _____ factors have been responsible for major change in the familial roles played by women and men.

A)social
B)political
C)economic
D)technological

Question 23

Social class has much to do with

A)economic stratification.
B)culture.
C)gender roles.
D)political stance.

Question 24

Values which continue to be important to Asian-Americans include all of the following EXCEPT

A)a strong emphasis on assimilation.
B)a sense of importance of families over individuals.
C)self-control to achieve societal goals.
D)appreciation of one's cultural heritage.

Question 25

All of the following are true regarding Hispanics EXCEPT

A)they are very diverse.
B)children are especially important.
C)they are the second fastest-growing ethnic group in the U.S.
D)most are of Mexican descent.

Question 26

All of the following are characteristics of contemporary marriages and families EXCEPT

A)dropping birth rates.
B)delayed marriage.
C)increase in cohabitation.
D)fewer people remarrying after divorce.

Question 27

The _____ is a painful fact that has resulted primarily from high rates of divorce, increasing numbers of unmarried women with children, and women's lack of economic resources.

A)economic dysfunction trend
B)"two person career" trend
C)androgynization of poverty
D)feminization of poverty

Question 28

Among Hispanics, which group has the highest socioeconomic status?

A)Cuban Americans.
B)Mexican Americans.
C)Puerto Rican Americans.
D)Argentine Americans.

Question 29

The largest ethnic group in the United States is

A)Asian-Americans.
B)Hispanics.
C)African-Americans.
D)Native-Americans.

Question 30

Which of the following is not an important influence or value in the family lives of most Hispanics?

A)Catholicism
B)bilingualism
C)independence from family ties
D)children

Question 31

There has been a shift in American values from an emphasis on obligation and self-sacrifice to

A)political agendas.
B)individualism and self-gratification.
C)being a team player.
D)communal orientation.

Question 32

A group of people distinct from other groups because of cultural characteristics, such as language, religion, and customs that are transmitted from one generation to another, is known as a(n)

A)racial group.
B)ethnic group.
C)minority group.
D)phenotype.

Question 33

Better education and higher incomes than the general population tends to be found in which of the following ethnic groups?

A)Chinese-Americans
B)Native-Americans
C)Hispanics
D)Japanese-Americans

Question 34

A group of people who share common phenotypical characteristics is known as a(n)

A)minority group.
B)racial group.
C)phenotypical group.
D)ethnic group.

Question 35

African Americans

A)are the largest ethnic group in the U.S.
B)have been mainly single-earner families.
C)do not consider kinship bonds to be important.
D)have a long history of being dual-earner families.

Question 36

The family over time has moved from being an economically productive unit to

A)a consuming, service-oriented unit.
B)an economically dependent unit.
C)a primarily dysfunctional unit.
D)an individualistic, self-serving unit.

Question 37

Companionate marriages and families

A)were based on male authority and sexual repression.
B)protected children from the world.
C)emphasized patriarchal decision-making.
D)expected marriages to provide romance, sexual fulfillment, and emotional growth.

Question 38

All of the following statements apply to Chinese-American families EXCEPT

A)they tend to have higher levels of income than the general population.
B)women do not work outside the home.
C)they tend to have conservative sexual values.
D)they tend to be better educated than the general population.

Question 39

Until the last 35 years, most research about American marriages and families has been conducted on

A)white, upper class Americans.
B)white, middle class Americans.
C)white, working class Americans.
D)white Americans from all classes.

Question 40

Despite the considerable variations among tribal groups, two aspects of Native American families that are important are

A)extended families and high rates of intermarriage.
B)tribal identities and acculturation.
C)migration and tribal identities.
D)monogamy and extended families.

Question 41

Society's perception of childhood has varied little over the course of American history.

Question 42

In colonial America, parents often selected their children's mates.

Question 43

Which social class is largest?

A)upper class
B)upper middle class
C)middle class
D)lower class

Question 44

The greatest diversity of American family life occurred after the great waves of immigration swept over America.

Question 45

White ethnicity is generally strongest in the

A)South and Southwest.
B)South and East.
C)East and Midwest.
D)Midwest and South.

Question 46

Slave culture discouraged casual sex and placed a high value on marital stability.

Question 47

An ethnic identity that is used only when the individual chooses is known as a(n)

A)symbolic ethnicity.
B)ethnicity of convenience.
C)occasional ethnicity.
D)chosen ethnicity.

Question 48

In 2007, _____ percent of all U.S.children lived in households headed by an unmarried mother or father.

A)10
B)15
C)30
D)42

Question 49

Most European ethnic groups

A)no longer have minority status.
B)are discriminated against.
C)have a diminishing sense of ethnicity.
D)are experiencing an increase in male dominance.

Question 50

People who spend at least twenty-seven weeks in the labor force but whose incomes fall below the poverty threshold are referred to as the _____ poor.

A)working
B)absolute
C)ghetto
D)theoretical

Question 51

In colonial America, love was considered a spousal duty.

Question 52

Middle class parents tend to emphasize _____ while working parents emphasize _____ in their children.

A)obedience; thrift
B)autonomy; compliance
C)grooming; hard work
D)politeness; honesty

Question 53

Premarital pregnancy was unusual in colonial America.

Question 54

Industrialization had little impact upon American family life.

Question 55

Native American extended families revolve around complex kinship networks based on

A)birth.
B)marriage.
C)adoption.
D)clan membership.

Question 56

During the nineteenth century, protecting children from the evils of the world became a major part of childrearing.

Question 57

White ethnicity is strongest in which part of the United States?

A)the south
B)the east
C)the pacific northwest
D)the southwest

Question 58

What percentage of children living with a single parent lives with their mother?

A)85 percent
B)79 percent
C)50 percent
D)38 percent

Question 59

In the nineteenth century many women accepted and embraced a "doctrine of separate spheres."

Question 60

On average, colonial women had eight children and were consistently bearing children until around age 40.

Question 61

In the 1950s, many women found that the ideal lifestyle of the period left them longing for something more.

Question 62

Cohabitation is sometimes practiced by the elderly.

Question 63

About 10 percent of the U.S.population is upper class.

Question 64

Arab Americans tend to be highly educated, employed, and have higher incomes than the total population.

Question 65

Chinese-Americans tend to exert strong parental control while encouraging their children to develop a sense of independence.

Question 66

Increasingly large numbers of Native Americans are marrying non-Indians.

Question 67

Economic factors were the most important determinant in shaping family life in the 1950s.

Question 68

Slave children in the U.S.were often forced into hard physical labor as young as age 5 or 6.

Question 69

During the Great Depression, the government bore responsibility for the well-being of the family.

Question 70

Immigrants created great economic wealth for America.

Question 71

Most Arabs living in the U.S.have very little education.

Question 72

By the beginning of the twentieth century, American families lost many of their traditional functions.

Question 73

The government was quick to provide day-care centers for working families during WWII.

Question 74

Immigrants were so eager to leave their homeland that they seldom knew where they were going to settle in America.

Question 75

By the beginning of the twentieth century, the primary focus of the family was becoming less centered on meeting the emotional needs of its members.

Question 76

Middle class parents engage in "concerted cultivation."

Question 77

Companionate marriages expect wives to be guardians of virtue and sexual restraint.

Question 78

The largest ethnic group in the United States is Hispanics.

Question 79

Traditional gender and marital roles mostly prevailed during the 1950s.

Question 80

Slave marriages were recognized as legal unions even though families were frequently physically separated due to the nature of servitude.