Deck 11: Marriage, Work, and Economics

Question 1

Time at work can create a feeling of _____, in which individuals feel they do not have or spend enough time in certain roles and relationships.

A)role overload
B)work spillover
C)time strain
D)role strain

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which group is least likely to divide family roles along stereotypical gender lines?

A)African American families
B)Latino families
C)Asian families
D)Caucasian families

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Men tend to see their role in housekeeping or childcare as

A)critical to the family.
B)their primary role.
C)very fulfilling.
D)"helping their partner."

Answer 3

D

Question 4

When mothers and fathers feel they have or spend too little time with their children, life satisfaction is

A)slightly reduced for mothers and fathers.
B)greatly reduced for mothers and fathers.
C)significantly reduced for fathers but not for mothers.
D)significantly reduced for mothers but not for fathers.

Question 5

Why has women's employment increased?

A)Because of economic necessity.
B)Because women want to work for psychological fulfillment.
C)Because of better job opportunities for women.
D)all of the above

Question 6

Probably the single activity to which the majority of employed men and women devote the most time outside of sleeping is

A)their children.
B)T.V.watching.
C)their jobs.
D)home upkeep.

Question 7

The "traditional" division of labor involves

A)work being divided by age.
B)work roles that are complementary.
C)work roles that are the same for men and women.
D)dividing labor depending upon who is most skilled at a particular task.

Question 8

In 2008, in _____ percent of U.S.married-couple families the husband was the sole wage earner.

A)6
B)14
C)19.5
D)23.7

Question 9

When the total prescribed activities for one or more are greater than an individual can comfortably or adequately handle _____ occurs.

A)role overload
B)interrole conflict
C)role strain
D)full-time conflict

Question 10

Family work is devalued in comparison to paid work because it

A)involves everyone.
B)does not require advanced education.
C)takes place in the home.
D)is unpaid.

Question 11

Ann is extremely stressed at work because state budget cuts may jeopardize a promotion she was in line for.Her husband feels very sad for her.This illustrate:

A)role strain
B)role conflict
C)crossover
D)spillover

Question 12

Beliefs about what women and men ought to do is referred to as a

A)gender belief system.
B)gender ideology.
C)gender value system.
D)gender role orientation.

Question 13

The effect of work on other aspects of our lives is known as

A)family work.
B)work spillover.
C)role overload.
D)role strain.

Question 14

As of July 2009, women made up _____ of the labor force.

A)23 percent
B)37 percent
C)47 percent
D)65 percent

Question 15

All EXCEPT which of the following are true of the homemaker role?

A)It is a role given to either men or women, depending on who is at home.
B)It takes priority over other roles that women may have.
C)It is associated with economic dependence.
D)It brings the status of "not working."

Question 16

The husband's traditional role as _____ has been his most fundamental role in marriage.

A)father
B)provider
C)neighbor
D)decision-maker

Question 17

What percentage of women stay at home for the entire first year after motherhood?

A)5 percent
B)10 percent
C)20 percent
D)50 percent

Question 18

When the demands attached to any particular status are contradictory or incompatible we experience

A)role overload.
B)interrole conflict.
C)role strain.
D)work spillover.

Question 19

Students very often feel overwhelmed when exams in several courses are scheduled for the same day.Having too much to do within a given role is referred to as

A)role strain.
B)role conflict.
C)crossover.
D)spillover.

Question 20

Little league versus overtime is an example of

A)role strain.
B)interrole conflict.
C)novitiate stage.
D)work spillover.

Question 21

The greatest social needs in dual-earner marriages include all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)Redefining gender roles to eliminate role overload for women.
B)providing adequate child care facilities for working parents.
C)Promoting the importance of women remaining at home for at least a year after motherhood.
D)Restructuring the workplace to meet needs of parents and families.

Question 22

When someone acts in sexual ways so as to interfere with another person's job performance, it is called

A)occupational stratification.
B)a hostile environment.
C)sex discrimination.
D)a quid pro quo request.

Question 23

Most men who stay at home are home because of

A)retirement.
B)school.
C)disability.
D)a desire to take care of the home and their family.

Question 24

When looking at fathers' involvement with children, we find that

A)fathers are more involved with daughters than with sons.
B)fathers are more involved with older children than younger children.
C)fathers are more involved with firstborn than later-born children.
D)fathers spend more time in play with sons than with daughters.

Question 25

In two-parent families, we find the following:

A)Mothers spend more time caring for children than fathers only if mothers are employed.
B)Mothers' involvement with children is primarily spent in play.
C)Women are primary caretakers; men are secondary.
D)Men are more accessible and engaged with children than are women.

Question 26

What is the primary daycare solution for most employed mothers with children 5 to 14 years old?

A)in-home daycare
B)family members
C)licensed daycare programs
D)school attendance

Question 27

A peer marriage is one

A)that emphasizes fairness and sharing.
B)in which the partners are colleagues at work.
C)that emphasizes each partner doing 50 percent of all tasks.
D)that focuses on role reversal.

Question 28

The housewife was created by

A)World War II.
B)consumerism.
C)industrialization.
D)enlightenment.

Question 29

In 2009, women who worked full time earned what percentage of the income of men?

A)60 percent
B)70 percent
C)80 percent
D)90 percent

Question 30

Between 2007 and 2009, the overall unemployment rate in the United States

A)doubled.
B)increased by 10 percent.
C)tripled.
D)remained relatively unchanged.

Question 31

Hochschild has found that when companies offered family-friendly policies,

A)most employees did not use them.
B)most employees used them.
C)most men used them but few women did.
D)most women used them but few men did.

Question 32

Coping resources in dealing with unemployment include all of the following EXCEPT

A)an individual's psychological disposition.
B)a strong sense of self-esteem.
C)a feeling of mastery.
D)displacement intervention techniques.

Question 33

Emotion work is primarily done by

A)men
B)women
C)employers
D)children

Question 34

Earnings are about _____ percent higher in traditionally male occupations than in predominately female integrated occupations.

A)5
B)20
C)30-50
D)60-70

Question 35

The division of family roles along stereotypical gender lines varies by

A)race.
B)class.
C)both A and B
D)neither A nor B

Question 36

What percentage of married-couple families have a stay-at-home dad?

A)about 4 percent
B)about 10 percent
C)about 16 percent
D)about 20 percent

Question 37

Couples in which spouses work different, often non-overlapping shifts, so that one partner is home while the other is at work are called _____ couples.

A)turn-taking
B)alternating
C)shift
D)"hello, goodbye"

Question 38

Which of the following terms is defined as a mix of sex and power with power being the dominant element?

A)sexual harassment
B)gender-based occupational stratification
C)sexual authority
D)sexual influence

Question 39

Employed women have _____ compared to nonemployed homemakers.

A)less domestic support from their partners
B)better mental health
C)more health problems
D)a lower sense of control

Question 40

Which couples have the LEAST equitable division of household labor?

A)cohabiting couples
B)same-sex couples
C)married heterosexual couples
D)there is no difference

Question 41

High quality daycare can be beneficial to children.

Question 42

Couples who engage in shift work are more likely to divorce.

Question 43

Every $7,500 in married women's incomes is associated with one less hour of household work.

Question 44

Work spillover has the same affects on men as it does on women.

Question 45

An equitable division of labor is the same as an equal division of labor.

Question 46

At-home fathers and breadwinner mothers follow a dominant-submissive pattern in their relationship.

Question 47

Cohabiting couples share household duties more equally than do married couples.

Question 48

Studies suggest that employed wives do not exert greater power in the home than non-employed wives.

Question 49

Some working women do not insist on husbands' equal participation in housework because they don't believe their husbands are competent.

Question 50

Nonemployed women are physically healthier than employed women.

Question 51

Work-family tensions seem to be greater on mothers than on fathers.

Question 52

At-home fathers typically stay home in order to be with the children.

Question 53

Working-class couples, though less ideologically traditional than in the past, are still not as openly enthusiastic about more egalitarian divisions of labor.

Question 54

About a third of children between 11 and 12 years of age are in self-care.

Question 55

The division of family roles along stereotypical gender lines does not vary by race or class.

Question 56

American workers work more hours than do Europeans.

Question 57

Not having enough time is more distressing for women than for men.

Question 58

African Americans are less likely to divide household tasks along gender lines than Caucasians.

Question 59

Women who work full-time earn about 80 percent the income of men.

Question 60

The most noticeable area of impact when fathers stay home is more involvement with children.

Question 61

Define sexual harassment and identify and define the two types of harassment.What are the effects of sexual harassment on victims?

Question 62

Discuss the factors, identified in the text, that appear to influence men's involvement in housework.

Question 63

Characterize peer marriages.

Question 64

Discuss the five areas affected when fathers are at home and mothers are breadwinners.

Question 65

Define "shift couples" and identify how shift work affects family life.