Deck 5: Values, Ethics, and Character

Question 1

Values play a very small role in conflict between groups.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Servant leadership puts the emphasis upon listening effectively to others.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the four qualities of leadership that engender trust according to Bennis and Goldsmith?

A)Values, loyalty, consistency, and integrity
B)Honesty, values, loyalty, and creativity
C)Creativity, honesty, consistency, and vision
D)Vision, empathy, consistency, and integrity

Answer 3

D

Question 4

One's ability to reason about hypothetical moral issues is an assurance that one will act morally.

Question 5

Leaders ultimately must be judged on the basis of a framework of values, not just in terms of their effectiveness.

Question 6

Leaders who make Theory Y assumptions believe workers are self-motivated.

Question 7

Gen Xers tend to be more committed to a specific organization than to their vocation.

Question 8

Members of the Nexter generation share an optimism that is the result of having very devoted parents.

Question 9

It has been said that the idea of a generational gap in values may be more popular culture than good social science.

Question 10

One of the primary leadership action "fronts" required to sustain an ethical climate is a proactive public relations program.

Question 11

Leaders who pull people together on the basis of shared beliefs and a common sense of organizational purpose and belonging

A)are consistent.
B)demonstrate empathy.
C)have a compelling vision.
D)have strong integrity.

Question 12

The study of authentic leadership has gained momentum recently because of the belief that enhancing self-awareness can help people in organizations find more meaning and connection at work.

Question 13

Managers with a ____________ orientation rely heavily on coercive, and external-control methods to motivate workers such as punishments and threats.

A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)Veteran
D)Baby Boomer

Question 14

Leaders who demonstrate empathy with us

A)pull people together on the basis of shared beliefs.
B)show they understand the world as we see and experience it.
C)have common sense of organizational purpose and belonging.
D)demonstrate their commitment to higher principles through their actions.

Question 15

Ethical problems are almost inherent in systems designed to measure performance.

Question 16

Moral justification means that an action we have taken is morally justified.

Question 17

Moral reasoning is a process one uses to make an ethical decision and does not necessarily refer to the individual's morality.

Question 18

In the postconventional level of moral development, the criteria are based on gaining others' approval.

Question 19

Baby Boomers are very concerned with fairness for all and love to have meetings.

Question 20

Theory Y reflects a view that most people

A)need to be coaxed to work productively.
B)are not naturally motivated to work.
C)need to be coerced to work productively.
D)are intrinsically motivated by their work.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT included in the "fronts" of leadership required to establish an ethical climate?

A)A core ideology
B)Integrity
C)A process focus
D)All of these are "fronts" of leadership.

Question 22

What is attribution of blame?

A)It involves using "cosmetic" words to defuse the offensiveness of otherwise distasteful behavior.
B)People sometimes try to justify immoral behavior by claiming it was caused by someone else's actions.
C)It lets one avoid self-contempt for one's behavior by comparing it to even more heinous behavior by others.
D)Reprehensible behavior becomes easier to engage in and live with if others are behaving the same way.

Question 23

The generation of workers born after 1980 are called the

A)Gen Xers.
B)Nexters.
C)Baby Boomers.
D)Veterans.

Question 24

Members of the Veteran generation

A)grew up during the era of the Watergate scandal.
B)have been a stabilizing force in organizations for decades.
C)work to live rather than live to work.
D)have little respect for and less interest in leaders.

Question 25

In the preconventional level of moral development, the criteria for moral behavior

A)are based primarily on self-interest.
B)are based primarily on gaining others' approval.
C)are based on universal, abstract principles.
D)are based primarily on behaving conventionally.

Question 26

This way of minimizing individual moral responsibility for collective action can be one of the negative effects of group decision making.

A)Advantageous comparison
B)Displacement of responsibility
C)Distortion of consequences
D)Diffusion of responsibility

Question 27

Terrorists may call themselves "freedom fighters," and firing someone may be referred to as "letting him go." This is an example of

A)moral justification.
B)diffusion of responsibility.
C)euphemistic labeling.
D)advantageous comparison.

Question 28

Members of the Baby Boomer generation

A)don't like to think of themselves as "the problem" in the workplace even though they frequently are.
B)came of age during the Great Depression and World War II.
C)are prone to digressions about "the good old days."
D)tend to be more committed to their vocation than to any specific organization.

Question 29

Constructs representing generalized behaviors or states of affairs that are considered by the individual to be important are

A)goals.
B)values.
C)benefits.
D)services.

Question 30

_____ involves reinterpreting otherwise immoral behavior in terms of a higher purpose.

A)Advantageous comparison
B)Moral justification
C)Displacement of responsibility
D)Euphemistic labeling

Question 31

Some individuals believe that family security is an important goal to strive for. In terms of instrumental values, such individuals may think that it is important to always act in a(n)

A)helpful manner.
B)courageous manner.
C)honest manner.
D)imaginative manner.

Question 32

In terms of instrumental values, individuals who value equality and freedom may think that it is important to always be

A)imaginative.
B)logical.
C)responsible.
D)courageous.

Question 33

People minimize the harm caused by their behavior through

A)dehumanization.
B)displacement of responsibility.
C)disregard of consequences.
D)advantageous comparison.

Question 34

End-based thinking can be characterized as

A)"Doing what you want others to do to you."
B)"Following the highest principle or duty."
C)"Doing what is best to get my desired end results."
D)"Doing what's best for the greatest number of people."

Question 35

Moral reasoning refers to

A)the process leaders use to make decisions about values and ethics.
B)the espoused values of individuals.
C)the morality of individuals.
D)the process leaders use to make decisions about ethical and unethical behaviors.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT one of the four biases identified in research that can have a pervasive and corrosive effect on our moral decision making?

A)Conflicts of interest
B)Discrimination
C)Overclaiming credit
D)In-group favoritism

Question 37

As a group, this generation of workers tends to be technologically savvy, independent and skeptical of institutions and hierarchy.

A)The Nexters
B)The Veterans
C)The Baby Boomers
D)The Gen Xers

Question 38

Individuals who have an implicit prejudice tend to:

A)be aware of its existence.
B)include their prejudice consciously in their judgements.
C)be unaware of its existence.
D)Both A and B above

Question 39

Gen Xers define leadership as

A)giving employees what they need to work well and comfortably.
B)sitting in meetings and making profound vision statements.
C)creating a level playing field for all.
D)being critical and patronizing of employees.

Question 40

Authentic leadership is founded in

A)consistency between values, beliefs and actions.
B)the Greek philosophy, "to thine own self be true."
C)interacting independent of other's expectations of them.
D)All of the above

Question 41

Relationships that lack trust are characterized by self-protective efforts to control and verify each other's behavior. This relates to which organizational level of principle-centered leadership?

A)Interpersonal
B)Personal
C)Managerial
D)Organizational

Question 42

Leaders following the authentic leadership approach

A)put on a different act with different audiences.
B)have realistic self-perceptions.
C)do whatever it takes to assure that things run smoothly.
D)have misperceptions of self.

Question 43

This is not an organizational level of leadership in the principle-centered leadership approach.

A)Managerial
B)Personal
C)Cultural
D)Interpersonal

Question 44

When good people do bad things, what are the different methods they use in minimizing personal moral responsibility?

Question 45

Identify and elaborate on the four qualities that Bennis and Goldsmith say engender trust in leaders.

Question 46

Describe the differences between instrumental and terminal values and give an example of each.

Question 47

Name four ways that values affect leadership.

Question 48

Write a short note on authentic leadership.

Question 49

What is the major disadvantage of the performance measurement system?

A)It may be manipulated to allow continuation of the actions that best fulfill his/her reading of the system goals.
B)A person might cheat on the measurement system by exploiting its weaknesses in hopes of advancement.
C)It "takes underground" constructive dialogue about system goals or modifications in system measurements.
D)A person acts in a way that optimizes his/her performance measurements without realizing that this outcome was not what the system intended.

Question 50

Individuals in a formal leadership role face unique ethical responsibilities and challenges. What are the six responsibilities formal leaders face more than followers?

Question 51

Which of the following statements concerning servant leadership is true?

A)The leader's primary role is to do whatever it takes to assure that things run smoothly.
B)It is derived from a bureaucratic view of organizations.
C)It places emphasis upon listening effectively to others.
D)It has commonly involved a very top-down and hierarchical approach to leadership.

Question 52

A recent study about ethical role models at work resulted in identification of four general categories of attitudes and behaviors. Which of the following is NOT one of these general categories?

A)Articulating ethical standards
B)Basic fairness
C)Interpersonal behaviors that show care and concern for others
D)All of these are categories that were identified.

Question 53

Identify and describe the four generations of workers as illustrated by Zemke.

Question 54

Write a short note on how Gen Xers' values impact the leadership process at work.

Question 55

What is the ultimate test of a servant leader's work?

A)Whether they understand others' feelings and perspectives.
B)Whether it helps re-create a sense of community among people.
C)Whether they can influence others through their persuasiveness.
D)Whether those served develop toward being more responsible and competent individuals.

Question 56

Nazi concentration camp guards attempted to avoid moral responsibility for their behavior by claiming they were merely "carrying out orders." This is an example of

A)displacement of responsibility.
B)moral justification.
C)advantageous comparison.
D)distortion of consequences.

Question 57

According to Darley, what, ethically, should one do when one is part of a performance measurement system?

Question 58

Leaders create and sustain ethical climates in organizations. They do this through five "fronts" of leadership. Identify and describe these fronts and discuss how they relate to an ethical climate in an organization.