Deck 16: Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

Uranium-235 decays by alpha emission.What isotope is also produced by this transformation?

A)Pa-234
B)Th-237
C)Pu-237
D)Th-231
E)Pu-239

Answer 1

Th-231

Question 2

When atoms of beryllium−9 are bombarded with alpha particles, neutrons are produced.What new isotope is also formed?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Answer 2

Question 3

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? ²⁰⁸Po → ? + ²⁰⁸At

A)Gamma particle
B)Alpha particle
C)Proton
D)Beta particle
E)Positron

Answer 3

Beta particle

Question 4

Which is an incorrect representation of the indicated particle or nucleus?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 5

What other particle is emitted when a neutron is converted to a proton in a nucleus?

A)Gamma particle
B)Alpha particle
C)Positron
D)Beta particle
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 6

When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an element are produced.Which particular isotope of this element is formed?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 7

What fraction of radioactive atoms remains in a sample after six half-lives?

A)zero
B)1/6
C)1/16
D)1/32
E)1/64

Question 8

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? ²²⁰Rn → ? + alpha particle

A)Ra-224
B)Rn-224
C)Rn-216
D)At-220
E)Po-216

Question 9

Beta particles are identical to

A)protons.
B)helium atoms.
C)hydrogen atoms.
D)helium nuclei.
E)electrons.

Question 10

What is the missing symbol in this plutonium fission reaction?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 11

What is the name for spontaneous emission of particles or electromagnetic radiation by certain nuclei?

A)Protons
B)Isotopes
C)Radioactivity
D)Neutrons
E)Electrons

Question 12

Alpha particles are identical to

A)protons.
B)helium atoms.
C)hydrogen atoms.
D)helium nuclei.
E)electrons.

Question 13

The only stable isotope of aluminum is aluminum-27.What type of radioactive decay should be expected from ?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 14

Iodine-131, t_1/2 = 8.0 days, is used in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid gland diseases.If a laboratory sample of iodine-131 initially emits 9.95 × 10¹⁸ β particles per day, how long will it take for the activity to drop to 6.22 × 10¹⁷ β particles per day?

A)2.0 days
B)16 days
C)32 days
D)128 days
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 15

Cesium-134 is a β emitter with a half-life of 2.0 years.How much of a 2.50-g sample of cesium-134 will remain after 10 years?

A)0.0024 g
B)0.078 g
C)0.25 g
D)0.50 g
E)80.0 g

Question 16

What is the name given to the nuclear process that results from the bombardment of nuclei by neutrons, protons, or other nuclei?

A)Nuclear transmutation
B)Protonation
C)Nucleation
D)Nuclear condensation
E)Radioactivity

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents positron decay of ?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 18

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? ²³⁴Th → ? + beta particle

A)Ac-234
B)Pa-234
C)Ac-235
D)Pa-235
E)Ac-233

Question 19

As a result of beta decay, the product nucleus is

A)one atomic number lower than the original element.
B)two atomic numbers higher than the original element.
C)one atomic number higher than the original element.
D)two atomic numbers lower than the original element.
E)four atomic numbers lower than the original element.

Question 20

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? ²⁰⁸Pb → ? + ²⁰⁴Hg

A)Gamma particle
B)Alpha particle
C)Proton
D)Beta particle
E)Positron

Question 21

Which of the following is used to image the brain?

A)(¹⁸O)
B)(¹³¹I)
C)(¹²³I)
D)(²⁴Na)
E)(⁹⁹Tc)

Question 22

In the following reaction, identify X.

A)7β
B)3α
C)4n
D)
E)15p

Question 23

The energy released by the sun is the result of

A)natural radioactivity.
B)nuclear fusion.
C)combustion of hydrogen.
D)photosynthesis.
E)nuclear fission.

Question 24

Cobalt-60 is a beta emitter with a half-life of 5.3 years.Approximately what fraction of cobalt-60 atoms will remain in a particular sample after 26.5 years?

A)1/5
B)1/16
C)1/26
D)1/32
E)1/64

Question 25

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 26

What is the nuclear process called where small nuclei are combined into larger ones?

A)Photonuclear reactions
B)Nuclear fission
C)Thermal conductivity
D)Nuclear combination
E)Nuclear fusion

Question 27

The half-life of ¹⁴C is 5730 yr.Assuming some charcoal from a campfire 29,000 years old was found, what fraction of the original C-14 would remain today?

A)3.0 × 10⁻²
B)0.20
C)3.5
D)0.33
E)0.29

Question 28

In the following reaction, identify X.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 29

Which of the following is used to image the liver?

A)(¹⁸O)
B)(¹³¹I)
C)(¹²³I)
D)(²⁴Na)
E)(⁹⁹Tc)

Question 30

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.U-238 + ? → 1 neutron + Fm-249

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 31

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 32

Estimate the age of a bottled wine that has a tritium, ³H, content 60% that of freshly bottled wine.Tritium decays by beta decay and has a half-life of 12.3 yr.

A)0.029 yr
B)7.4 yr
C)9.1 yr
D)16 yr
E)35 yr

Question 33

Which of the following is used to image the heart?

A)(¹⁸O)
B)(¹³¹I)
C)(¹²³I)
D)(²⁴Na)
E)(⁹⁹Tc)

Question 34

Which of the following is used to test the activity of the thyroid?

A)(¹⁸O)
B)(¹³¹I)
C)(¹²³I)
D)(²⁴Na)
E)(⁹⁹Tc)

Question 35

Which type of nuclear process requires an extremely high temperature (millions of degrees)?

A)Beta decay
B)Fission reaction
C)Fusion reaction
D)Alpha decay
E)Positron emission

Question 36

Charcoal found under a stone at Stonehenge, England, has a carbon-14 activity that is 0.60 that of new wood.How old is the charcoal? (The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.)

A)Less than 5730 yr
B)Between 5730 and 11,460 yr
C)Between 11,460 and 17,190 yr
D)More than 17,190 yr

Question 37

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 38

What is the nuclear process called in which a heavy nuclear of mass number greater than 200 divides to form smaller nuclei of intermediate mass and one or more neutron(s)?

A)Photonuclear reactions
B)Nuclear fission
C)Thermal conductivity
D)Nuclear combination
E)Nuclear fusion