Deck 4: Human Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

Question 1

A substance has a pH that is lower than the pH of pure water,but higher than the pH of gastric juice.Based on this information,the substance is ______.

A)lemon juice
B)baking soda
C)household ammonia
D)egg white

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A scientist wants to break down a carbohydrate called "maltose" into its component parts.To accomplish this task,she should ______.

A)mix maltose with 10 ml of water to form a solution
B)add maltase to a solution that contains maltose
C)heat maltose until it decomposes
D)combine maltose with copper and zinc ions

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Salivary glands secrete amylase,an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth.

A)water
B)protein
C)starch
D)alcohol

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Certain organs and tissues use _____ to send messages to target cells.

A)enzymes
B)lacteals
C)bonds
D)hormones

Question 5

The process of digesting food begins in the ______.

A)liver
B)mouth
C)esophagus
D)colon

Question 6

When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup,Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue.During the 24 hours that followed the injury,Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted ______.

A)meaty
B)sweet
C)sour
D)cold

Question 7

A primary function of the digestive system is the ______.

A)transmission of nervous impulses
B)breakdown of food into nutrients
C)destruction of toxic metabolic by-products
D)production of red blood cells

Question 8

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called _____.

A)lipolysis
B)gluconeogenesis
C)peristalsis
D)segmentation

Question 9

A substance has a pH that is higher than the pH of tomatoes and lower than the pH of blood.Based on this information,the substance is ______.

A)baking soda
B)lemon juice
C)black coffee
D)egg white

Question 10

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

A)Brain
B)Gallbladder
C)Liver
D)Pancreas

Question 11

Rose has an autoimmune disease that destroyed her salivary glands.As a result of this condition,Rose probably _____.

A)must eat refined functional foods
B)uses a lot of spices and sauces to season her foods
C)digests foods too quickly
D)has difficulty eliminating feces during bowel movements

Question 12

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____,tiny,finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

A)lacteals
B)neurons
C)villi
D)arteries

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Enzymes can function under a wide range of environmental conditions,such as pH and temperature.
B)Most enzymes have names that end with -ase.
C)After an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction,it can no longer function.
D)Enzymes can function as electrolytes.

Question 14

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

A)liver
B)colon
C)jejunum
D)epiglottis

Question 15

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase.As a result of his condition,his mouth cannot _____.

A)absorb alcohol
B)swallow food
C)begin starch digestion
D)lubricate dry foods

Question 16

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands.As a result of this condition,Bernetta ______.

A)cannot tolerate eating cold foods
B)digests food too rapidly
C)develops numerous stomach ulcers
D)has trouble swallowing

Question 17

A food has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water,but lower than the pH of oven cleaner.Based on this information,the food is

A)red wine
B)lemon juice
C)egg white
D)black coffee

Question 18

Libby was born without salivary glands.As a result of this condition,she ______.

A)digests food too rapidly
B)has trouble tasting food
C)develops numerous stomach ulcers
D)cannot tolerate eating cold foods

Question 19

A liquid has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water,but lower than the pH of household ammonia.Based on this information,the liquid is _____.

A)lemon juice
B)black coffee
C)baking soda
D)milk

Question 20

Which of the following substances has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water?

A)Blood
B)Lemon juice
C)Tomato juice
D)Gastric juice

Question 21

For several years,Corey has sufferered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation.According to Corey,his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods,especially raw fruit and baked beans.His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed.Based on this information,Corey probably has _____.

A)irritable bowel syndrome
B)ulcerative colitis
C)Crohn's disease
D)gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 22

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?

A)Peptic ulcer
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Ulcerative colitis
D)Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 23

Chyme moves from the stomach into the _____.

A)duodenum
B)colon
C)jejunum
D)ileum

Question 24

The _____ is the second segment of the small intestine.

A)colon
B)duodenum
C)ileum
D)jejunum

Question 25

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi.Based on this information,you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.rev: 08_12_2013_QC_ 33721

A)lose weight rapidly
B)digest proteins more efficiently
C)absorb vitamins more rapidly
D)develop gallstones

Question 26

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked.Based on this information,his _____.

A)intestinal tract does not absorb much fat
B)ability to digest proteins is reduced
C)lumen does not allow chyme to enter the small intestine
D)hepatic portal vein can rupture

Question 27

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?

A)Voice box
B)Epiglottis
C)Tongue
D)Pharynx

Question 28

After being absorbed,most lipids undergo special processing before they enter _____.rev: 06_03_2015_QC_CS-16945

A)lacteals within the villi
B)the gastroesophageal sphincter
C)special cells lining the hepatic portal vein
D)chyme

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
B)The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine.
C)The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system.
D)Lean people have a higher risk of gallstones than fat people.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Heartburn often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.
B)A thin layer of chyme protects the lining of the digestive tract from being broken down by enzymes.
C)Hydrochloric acid (HCl)begins the partial digestion of fats in the small intestine.
D)Cystic fibrosis is an infectious disease that causes the muscles that control swallowing to malfunction.

Question 31

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

A)Mucus
B)Intrinsic factor
C)Gastric juice
D)Bile

Question 32

Chyme is the _____.

A)organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells
B)material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete
C)large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream
D)semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

Question 33

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

A)Pancreas
B)Liver
C)Gallbladder
D)Pituitary

Question 34

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?

A)Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
B)Crohn's disease
C)Cystic fibrosis
D)Peptic ulcer

Question 35

Parietal cells secrete ions that form ______ in the stomach.

A)hydrochloric acid
B)chyme
C)bile
D)salivary amylase

Question 36

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

A)large intestine
B)esophageal sphincter
C)lower stomach
D)pyloric valve

Question 37

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?

A)Gastric juice
B)Saliva
C)Bile salts
D)Chyme

Question 38

The _____ is the third segment of the small intestine.

A)ileum
B)jejunum
C)colon
D)duodenum

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true?
Rev: 06_05_2015_QC_CS-17181

A)Foods that taste bitter are generally good energy sources because of their high carbohydrate contents.
B)Segmentation enables chyme to move through the esophagus.
C)The gallbladder makes bile and stores the compound in the liver.
D)Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.

Question 40

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.
B)The sense of smell contributes to the sense of taste.
C)Peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat.
D)Mucus protects the lining of the stomach.

Question 41

Which of the following cells of the large intestine secrete mucus?

A)Goblet cells
B)Parietal cells
C)Chief Cells
D)Pancreatic cells

Question 42

Ingestion of antibiotic often leads to microflora imbalance in the digestive tract.

Question 43

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week.Based on this information,Paisley should _____.

A)increase her intake of high-fiber foods and fiber wafers to relieve her chronic constipation
B)not worry,because she is not constipated
C)consult her physician to determine why she is constipated
D)take a gentle laxative so she has at least one bowel movement daily

Question 44

Tyler smokes cigarettes,drinks excess alcohol,and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches.Based on this information,Tyler has a high risk of developing _____.

A)chronic constipation
B)irritable bowel syndrome
C)cystic fibrosis
D)peptic ulcers

Question 45

Live microorganisms that help control the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the large intestine are known as prebiotics.

Question 46

The Heimlich maneuver is a simple and effective first aid technique to use when an adult or child is choking.

Question 47

Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing.Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly.Based on this information,Dorothy probably has a(n)_____.

A)excessive amount of secretory activity within her digestive tract
B)condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning
C)overgrowth of probiotics in her stomach
D)blockage caused by undigested fiber deposits in her jejunum

Question 48

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily.Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight,she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes.Based on this information,Jillian has a high risk of developing _____.

A)gastroesophageal reflux disease
B)cystic fibrosis
C)irritable bowel syndrome
D)rheumatoid arthritis

Question 49

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and _____.

A)taking antidepressant medication
B)having the lower third of the colon removed
C)reducing physical activity
D)lying down after meals

Question 50

After moving through the ileocecal sphincter,unabsorbed water and undigested remains of chyme enter the jejunum.

Question 51

Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn,her physician recommended that she _____.

A)avoid high-fiber fruits and vegetables
B)lose excess body fat
C)eat a small piece of peppermint candy after meals
D)drink chocolate milk shakes with meals

Question 52

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and _____.

A)learning ways to manage stress effectively
B)having the lower third of the colon removed
C)moving to a drier climate
D)reducing physical activity

Question 53

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn,his physician recommended that he _____.

A)decrease his intake of fruits and vegetables
B)avoid overeating during meals
C)increase his intake of solid fats
D)take a multivitamin/multimineral pill before meals

Question 54

If the epiglottis is not fully closed,food enters the trachea,blocking the windpipe which may cause the person to lose consciousness and die.

Question 55

Which of the following vitamins is not produced by the microflora in the large intestine?

A)Vitamin C
B)Folate
C)Vitamin K
D)Vitamin B-12

Question 56

Amanda is a three year old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin.Based on this information,she _____.

A)is taller than most children who are her age
B)is heavier than average for her height
C)has difficulty digesting food
D)absorbs higher than normal amounts of micronutrients

Question 57

Which of the following is not a function of the cholecystokinin?

A)Control the secretion of mucus by the mucus cells
B)Stimulate the contraction of the gallbladder to release the bile
C)Trigger the release of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice into the small intestine
D)Control the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine

Question 58

Goblet cells produce _____.

A)mucus
B)gastric juice
C)hydrochloric acid
D)digestive enzymes

Question 59

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep.Based on this information,he is likely to develop _____.

A)chronic constipation
B)gastroesophageal reflux disease
C)colon cancer
D)Crohn's disease

Question 60

Due to a respiratory bacterial infection,Amanda had to take a large spectrum antibiotic for a period of 7 days.At the end of the regimen,her respiratory problem was gone however,she informed her doctor that she has now diarrhea and other digestive problems,what do you think the doctor will recommend to her relieve her situation?

A)Take probiotics to restore the population of beneficial bacteria she lost due to the antibiotic she was taking
B)Prescribe a different antibiotic for her respiratory infection
C)Go for a walk and try to exercise
D)Drink hot water and learn new breathing techniques