Deck 16: Pregnancy and Lactation

Question 1

Gabrielle is due to give birth to a boy in March.Before she became pregnant,Gabrielle weighed 140 pounds,which was in the healthy BMI range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)15 to 25
B)10 to 20
C)35 to 45
D)25 to 35

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following conditions is a common nutrition-related sign of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women?

A)Iron-deficiency anemia
B)Eclampsia
C)Morning sickness
D)Gestational diabetes

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Zoe is due to give birth to a girl in November.Before she became pregnant,Zoe weighed 168 pounds,which was in the overweight range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)15 to 25
B)no more than 5
C)20 to 35
D)10 to 15

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The placenta _____.

A)synthesizes the essential micronutrients that the embryo/fetus requires for growth and development
B)transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus
C)filters viruses and toxins from the mother's bloodstream,preventing them from reaching the embryo/fetus
D)transfers sperm to the egg so fertilization can occur

Question 5

Mimi became pregnant about 2 months ago.She is experiencing _____,a common nutrition-related condition that occurs in many healthy pregnant women.

A)pernicious anemia
B)gestational diabetes
C)constipation
D)pre-eclampsia

Question 6

_____ is a common condition that occurs in healthy pregnant women.

A)Gestational diabetes
B)Gestational hypertension
C)Physiological anemia
D)Pre-eclampsia

Question 7

Ashley is due to give birth to a girl in March.Before she became pregnant,Ashley weighed 125 pounds and was in the healthy BMI range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)20 to 30
B)25 to 35
C)10 to 20
D)15 to 25

Question 8

Iliana is due to give birth to a girl in March.Before she became pregnant,IIiana weighed 135 pounds and was in the healthy BMI range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)35 to 45
B)30 to 40
C)25 to 35
D)40 to 50

Question 9

________ is the production of milk by cells that line the mammary alveoli in breast tissue.

A)Pregnancy
B)Breasfeeding
C)Let-down reflex
D)Lactation

Question 10

Kristan is due to give birth to a boy in September.Before she became pregnant,Kristan weighed 160 pounds,which was in the overweight range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)30 to 40
B)20 to 30
C)25 to 35
D)15 to 25

Question 11

During pregnancy,edema can be a sign of a serious health problem if _____.

A)morning sickness,heartburn,and fatigue also occur
B)the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine
C)the swelling is limited to the hands and feet
D)weight loss and morning sickness also occur

Question 12

Elsa is due to give birth to a boy in June.Before she became pregnant,Elsa weighed 195 pounds,which was in the obese BMI range.She should gain no more than ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)30
B)20
C)15
D)25

Question 13

The _____ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus.

A)uterus
B)ovary
C)endometrium
D)placenta

Question 14

The life stage that encompasses the prenatal period is _____.

A)infancy
B)adolescence
C)pregnancy
D)lactation

Question 15

Jenna is due to give birth to a girl in February.Before she became pregnant,Jenna weighed 105 pounds,which was in the underweight range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)18 to 20
B)38 to 50
C)48 to 60
D)28 to 40

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Breastfeeding reduces a woman's risk of type 1 diabetes in later adulthood.
B)The composition of human milk remains consistent over time.
C)Women who breastfeed their babies tend to gain weight at a faster rate than women who choose to formula-feed their infants.
D)Human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells that are not in infant formulas.

Question 17

Hayley is due to give birth to a girl in November.Before she became pregnant,Hayley weighed 108 pounds,which was in the underweight range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)18 to 30
B)28 to 40
C)8 to 20
D)48 to 50

Question 18

_____ is a common nutrition-related sign or symptom of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women.

A)Hypertension
B)Pernicious anemia
C)Fatigue
D)Gestational diabetes

Question 19

_____ is a common nutrition-related sign of pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women.

A)Pre-eclampsia
B)Heartburn
C)Gestational diabetes
D)Pernicious anemia

Question 20

Reyna is a healthy 27-year-old pregnant woman.She is experiencing _____,a common nutrition-related condition that occurs in many healthy pregnant women.

A)mild hypochromic,macrocytic anemia
B)hypertension
C)diarrhea
D)minor edema of the hands and feet

Question 21

Corrina is a 25-year-old pregnant woman.Her need for _____ is 50% higher than before she became pregnant.

A)calcium
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin C
D)folate

Question 22

The hormone oxytocin _____.

A)reduces the ability of blood to clot during the birth process
B)increases a woman's appetite during pregnancy
C)enables the "let-down" reflex to occur when a woman breastfeeds her baby
D)suppresses energy metabolism during pregnancy

Question 23

During her 7th month of pregnancy,Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension and convulsions.Based on this information,Sari developed _____.

A)endocarditis
B)eclampsia
C)endometriosis
D)echolalia

Question 24

Which of the following conditions is a major cause of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States?

A)Physiological anemia
B)Eclampsia
C)Morning sickness
D)Pica

Question 25

Lanelle is 5 months pregnant.Recently,she gained several pounds rapidly,and as a result,her face is "puffy" and her hands are swollen.Her physician is very concerned,because Lanelle's blood pressure has risen to a dangerous level.Based on this information,Lanelle probably has _____.

A)SIDS
B)pica
C)physiological anemia
D)preeclampsia

Question 26

Emma is a 25-year-old pregnant woman.Her need for _____ is 50% higher than before she became pregnant.

A)calcium
B)vitamin C
C)iron
D)niacin

Question 27

Which of the following substances is a lipid that is necessary for the proper development of an infant's nervous system?

A)Alanine
B)DHA
C)Trans fat
D)EDTA

Question 28

During her 6th month of pregnancy,Miranda developed gestational hypertension.As a result of this condition,Miranda has a higher risk of giving birth to a _____ infant than a pregnant woman who does not experience hypertension.

A)low-birth-weight
B)term
C)high-birth-weight
D)post-mature

Question 29

Which of the following statements about human milk is false?

A)The composition of human milk changes over time to meet the nutritional needs of a growing infant.
B)Human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells.
C)Human milk is a rich source of vitamin D.
D)Consuming human milk may reduce a baby's risk of type 1 diabetes in childhooD.

Question 30

Cammy is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2000 kcal/day.Based on this information,her daily energy requirement would be _____ kcal during her first trimester of pregnancy.

A)1800
B)2200
C)2400
D)2000

Question 31

Some women crave non-food items during pregnancy.This behavior is called _____.

A)eclampsia
B)SIDS
C)pica
D)edema

Question 32

Tammy is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2500 kcal/day.Based on this information,her daily energy requirement would be _____ kcal during her first trimester of pregnancy.

A)2000
B)1800
C)2500
D)2200

Question 33

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains _____.

A)intrinsic factor
B)oxytocin
C)iron
D)protein

Question 34

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains _____.

A)oxytocin
B)folic acid
C)conjugated fatty acids
D)protein

Question 35

After Ariel gave birth to a healthy baby boy,the physician immediately placed the baby next to Ariel's breast so the infant could begin breastfeeding.This practice _____.

A)suppresses Ariel's metabolic rate,so her body can shift more energy into milk production
B)enables the baby's "let-down" reflex to occur,so his gastrointestinal tract will function normally
C)increases the baby's heart rate,reducing his risk of myoendocarditis
D)stimulates Ariel's uterus to contract,reducing her risk of bleeding excessively

Question 36

Cindy is pregnant with her first baby.Recently,she began to eat clay from a hole that she dug in her yard.Cindy's behavior is an example of _____.

A)edema
B)claymonia
C)pica
D)eclampsia

Question 37

Lucinda is a healthy,physically active young woman whose energy requirement is 2750 kcal/day.Based on this information,what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?

A)2750 kcal
B)2500 kcal
C)2250 kcal
D)2000 kcal

Question 38

Angie is due to give birth to a boy in June.Before she became pregnant,Angie weighed 215 pounds,which was in the obese BMI range.She should gain no more than ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)20
B)15
C)5
D)10

Question 39

Lisa is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2250 kcal/day.Based on this information,what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?

A)2600 kcal
B)2250 kcal
C)3050 kcal
D)1800 kcal

Question 40

Belle is pregnant with her first baby.During a routine prenatal visit with her doctor,Belle was told she has developed a condition that is associated with pregnancy.This condition increases the risk that she will give birth to a baby that weighs more than 8.8 pounds.Based on this information,Belle has _____.

A)cystic fibrosis
B)gestational diabetes
C)pernicious anemia
D)chronic eclampsia

Question 41

Which of the following micronutrients is needed for proper neural tube development?

A)Iron
B)Zinc
C)Folate
D)Vitamin C

Question 42

__________ is a federal program that provides funds to state governments to help specific populations obtain certain supplemental foods and nutrition education.

A)FDA
B)WIC
C)WHO
D)USDA

Question 43

Human milk naturally contains contains less _____ per ounce than whole cow's milk.

A)energy
B)carbohydrate
C)protein
D)cholesterol

Question 44

Compared to infant formulas,human milk is a rich source of _____.

A)vitamin D
B)iron
C)cholesterol
D)fluoride

Question 45

A mother should not breastfeed her child if _________.(Check all that apply. )
____she is taking certain prescription medicines
____she has active tuberculosis
____she has HIV infection
____she drinks an excessive amount of alcohol

Question 46

Which of the following happen(s)during pregnancy? (Check all that apply. )
_____The embryo/fetus derives nourishment directly from its mother's bloodstream.
____Embryonic development begins about 2 weeks after conception.
_____The pregnancy period is divided into quarters that each last about 2.5 months.
____The uterus protects the embryo/fetus as it develops and grows.

Question 47

HIV can be transmitted to the baby via the mother's milk.

Question 48

Compared to younger women,the risk of having having a baby with Down syndrome is higher in women who are over 40 years of age.

Question 49

Which of the following substances is in breast milk but not in infant formulas?

A)Iron
B)Antibodies
C)Lipids
D)Lactose

Question 50

The human breast secretes colostrum,during the second week of lactation.

Question 51

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Breastfeeding is more economical than formula feeding.
B)Women who feed their babies formula tend to lose the extra body fat gained during pregnancy faster than women who breastfeed.
C)Formula feeding is more convenient than breastfeeding.
D)Women who breastfeed have higher risks of breast and ovarian cancer than women who feed their babies formula.

Question 52

Compared to infant formulas,breast milk contains _____ per ounce.

A)less fat
B)50% less energy
C)more iron
D)more cholesterol

Question 53

Kari is considering whether she should exclusively breastfeed or formula-feed her new baby.To encourage Kari to breastfeed,you provide some factual information by telling her that _____.

A)breastfeeding can reduce her baby's risk of cystic fibrosis in childhood
B)human milk has the same composition as infant formula
C)human milk is a rich source of iron,calcium,and vitamin D
D)breastfeeding can help her lose the body fat she gained during pregnancy

Question 54

_____ stimulates milk production by certain cells in the breast.

A)Oxytocin
B)Estrogen
C)Prolactin
D)Progesterone

Question 55

The preconception period is _____.

A)the point at which the ovum is fertilized by the sperm
B)the time before birth
C)the time before pregancy
D)the ability to conceive

Question 56

During the first few days after giving birth,the new mother's breasts produce _____.

A)colostrum
B)prolactin
C)estrogen
D)oxytocin

Question 57

Pregnant females who have the highest risk of experiencing complications during pregnancy are _______.

A)teenage girls and women over the age of 35 years old
B)women between the age of 24 and 32 years old
C)women between the age of 21 and 30 years old
D)women between the age of 22 and 33 years old

Question 58

Human milk is naturally a rich source of

A)iron.
B)lipids.
C)fluoride.
D)vitamin D.

Question 59

Michelle is considering whether she should exclusively breastfeed or formula-feed her new baby.To encourage Michelle to breastfeed,you provide some facts,including all of the following information,except _____.

A)human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells
B)breast milk contains more vitamin D,calcium,and iron than commercial infant formulas
C)the composition of human milk changes over time to meet the nutritional needs of a growing infant
D)breastfeeding may reduce her baby's risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood

Question 60

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Breastfed babies are less likely to develop allergies than babies who are fed infant formulA.
B)Breastfed infants generally develop more ear infections than babies who are fed infant formula.
C)In the United States,children who were breastfed as infants are more likely to reach puberty faster than children who were fed formula as babies.
D)Compared to babies who consume infant formula,breastfed babies are less likely to develop inherited diseases such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.

Question 61

Check all the accurate statements.
____Fetal alcohol syndrome is the most devastating form of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
____Exposure to lead may cause miscarriage,low birth weight,preterm delivery,and cognitive delays in the offspring.
_____Prenatal exposure to iron increases the risk of mortality in the newborn infant.
_____To reduce the risk of toxoplasmosis,pregnant women should avoid dogs and especially,exposure to dog feces.

Question 62

Methylmercury is a trace mineral needed for proper brain development during embryonic development.

Question 63

Treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum often includes hospitalization and the administration of intravenous fluids containing glucose,electrolytes,and vitamins to restore the pregnant woman's health.

Question 64

Every pregnant or nursing woman is eligible to participate and benefit from the WIC program.

Question 65

Pregnant women are advised to drink _____.

A)no more than 2 cups of coffee per day
B)no more than 3 cups of coffee per day
C)no more than 1.5 cups of coffee per day
D)no coffee,during the first trimester

Question 66

Maternal anemia occurs when a pregnant woman has a hematocrit _____.

A)below 45%
B)below 33%
C)below 50%
D)below 60%

Question 67

Pregnant women who have type 1 diabetes often need to increase their usual dosages of insulin to control their blood glucose levels,especially during the third trimester.

Question 68

Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by severe birth defects that occur in infants whose mothers

A)drank alcohol excessively during pregnancy.
B)were exposed to lead as teenagers.
C)drank excessive amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages during pregnancy.
D)were exposed to arsenic as teenagers.

Question 69

Hormonal changes and slow peristalsis are the main contributors to the constipation many women experience during their pregnancy.

Question 70

Jane is 28 weeks pregnant and has been rushed to the hospital after collapsing in her office.Further medical tests have indicated that she is dehydrated and has electrolyte imbalances.The doctor noticed that she had lost weight,and she complained that she is still vomiting and having nausea.Based on this information,Jane suffers from _____.

A)hyperemesis gravidarum
B)eclampsia
C)morning sickness
D)preeclampsia

Question 71

The placenta prevents arsenic from entering the embryo/fetus.

Question 72

Sudha is in her first trimester of pregnancy.Which of the following micronutrients is a nutrient of public health concern that applies to her condition?

A)Vitamin C
B)Iron
C)Copper
D)Sodium