Deck 12: Leadership in Organizational Settings

Question 1

Leadership competencies identify leadership potential,not leadership performance.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The concept of shared leadership is also known as leaderful organization.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Unlike the traditional view of leadership,shared leadership lacks formal authority.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A major review in the late 1940s concluded that a consistent list of traits could not be distilled to identify effective leaders.

Question 5

The behavioural perspective of leadership focuses on the effectiveness of participative and achievement-oriented leadership styles.

Question 6

Shared leadership is the view that anyone in the organization may be a leader in various ways and at various times.

Question 7

Effective leaders are good at perceiving and expressing emotions,as well as regulating emotions in themselves and others.

Question 8

Research on the competency perspective of leadership has concluded that four traits are consistently strong predictors of effective leadership across most situations and industries.

Question 9

Leadership is the ability to influence,motivate,and enable others to contribute to organizational effectiveness.

Question 10

Effective leaders have "leadership motivation"; that is,they are motivated to be leaders.

Question 11

Shared leadership roles are formally assigned by the team.

Question 12

Research indicates that university students value task-oriented instructors over people -oriented instructors.

Question 13

Several large-scale studies have identified integrity and honesty as the most important leadership characteristics of effective leaders.

Question 14

Leadership competencies or traits have been discussed since the earliest times of recorded civilization.

Question 15

Several large-scale studies have identified socio-economic factors as the most important leadership characteristic.

Question 16

Self-concept,integrity,knowledge of the business,and emotional intelligence are important leadership competencies.

Question 17

One implication of the leadership competency approach is that leadership is found among senior executives rather than people in lower-level positions.

Question 18

Self-confidence is one of the seven main categories of leadership competencies.

Question 19

Organizational behaviour takes the view that leaders are people in management and other 'leadership' positions in the organization.

Question 20

The behavioural perspective of leadership says that task-oriented leaders clarify duties and procedures,ensure that employees follow company rules and push them to reach their performance capacity.

Question 21

According to Fiedler's contingency model,rather than changing the leader's style to fit the situation,it may be necessary to change the situation to fit the leader's dominant style.

Question 22

One problem with path-goal theory is that it is an extremely simple model of leadership relative to other leadership theories.

Question 23

Fiedler's contingency model of leadership suggests that the best leadership style depends on the degree of power and influence the leader possesses in the situation.

Question 24

According to the leadership substitutes theory,characteristics of the employee,task,or organization limit the leader's influence or make it unnecessary.

Question 25

One problem with path-goal leadership theory is that it ignores the philosophy of servant leadership.

Question 26

The leadership substitutes model identifies ways to neutralize or replace transformational leaders in specific conditions.

Question 27

Servant leaders try to understand employee needs and facilitate their work performance.

Question 28

According to path-goal leadership theory,directive leadership should never be applied to either experienced or inexperienced employees.

Question 29

Path-goal leadership theory includes directive,supervisory,and integrity leadership styles.

Question 30

According to the behavioural perspective of leadership,people-oriented leadership is associated with higher employee performance and better team dynamics.

Question 31

According to path-goal theory,supportive leadership is desirable for employees who work in teams with low cohesiveness.

Question 32

Servant leadership occurs when employees believe that their energy is put into serving their leader rather than accomplishing organizational objectives.

Question 33

The situational leadership model states that a person's leadership style does not change,so we must put leaders in situations that match their natural style.

Question 34

According to the behavioural perspective of leadership,task-oriented leadership is the opposite of people-oriented leadership.

Question 35

Path-goal theory has its roots in the expectancy theory of motivation.

Question 36

According to path-goal theory,directive leadership should be applied where the task is complex and the employee has an external locus of control.

Question 37

The Hersey-Blanchard situational leadership model identifies the following four leadership styles: telling,selling,participating and delegating.

Question 38

One limitation of path-goal theory of leadership is that it ignores the possibility that the best leadership style depends on the situation.

Question 39

Path-goal theory states that effective leaders have high emotional intelligence,integrity and motivation to become a leader.

Question 40

The achievement-oriented leadership style applies the goal-setting and self-fulfilling prophecy concepts.

Question 41

The implicit leadership perspective explains how perceptual processes cause people to inflate the importance of leadership in explaining organizational events.

Question 42

The implicit leadership theory states that everyone has beliefs about leadership prototypes.

Question 43

Scholars recommend that transformational leadership should be used instead of transactional leadership.

Question 44

Transformational leaders frame their vision by setting it aside until the time is right to introduce it again.

Question 45

The implicit leadership perspective encourages potential leaders to act differently than what employees expect.

Question 46

Transformational leaders shape a strategic vision of the future that focuses employees on a superordinate organizational goal.

Question 47

Effective transformational leaders 'walk the talk' by making meeting agendas,work schedules and other executive symbols,patterns and settings more consistent with the strategic vision.

Question 48

Transactional leaders are mainly change agents.

Question 49

According to the implicit leadership perspective,leaders have a difficult time getting due credit for their efforts because attribution errors cause followers to attribute organizational outcomes to the environment rather than the leader.

Question 50

Charismatic leadership is a characteristic found mainly in transactional leaders.

Question 51

One problem with the transformational leadership perspective is that specific elements within it are culture-bound.

Question 52

Expectancy theory and goal setting are the two main concepts behind the implicit leadership perspective of leadership.

Question 53

Effective transformational leaders build commitment towards the strategic vision by using words,symbols and stories that inspire and energize employees to adopt the vision as their own.

Question 54

One apparent problem with the transformational leadership perspective is that it still implies a universal rather than contingency approach to leadership.

Question 55

Walking the talk assists organizational change by building trust in the leader.

Question 56

Charismatic leadership refers more to leader behaviours whereas transformational leadership refers mainly to personal traits that provide referent power over followers.

Question 57

Self-leadership replaces the need for formal leadership in self-directed work teams.

Question 58

Reward systems and employees' skills are substitutes for task-oriented leadership.

Question 59

The behavioural and contingency leadership theories adopt more of a transactional and less of a transformational perspective of leadership.

Question 60

According to the textbook,charismatic leadership differs from transformational leadership.

Question 61

According to recent writing on the subject,which of the following competencies is characteristic of effective leaders?

A) High need for achievement.
B) Motivation to become a leader.
C) High confidence in their leadership ability.
D) High integrity.
E) All of these are leadership competencies.

Question 62

Competency,contingency,implicit,and transformational represent four of the main:

A) sources of organizational power.
B) perspectives of leadership.
C) forms of employee involvement.
D) process theories of motivation.
E) levels of media richness in communication.

Question 63

Recent studies reveal that the concept and features of leadership are similar around the world.

Question 64

Drive,integrity,and emotional intelligence are identified in the textbook as:

A) substitutes for leadership.
B) the main elements of situational leadership theory.
C) competencies of effective leaders.
D) contingencies in path-goal theory.
E) the characteristics of female leaders that are not found in male leaders.

Question 65

The competency (trait)perspective takes the view that:

A) effective leadership involves being both task-oriented and people-oriented.
B) the best leadership style depends on the situation.
C) introducing specific environmental conditions can replace the need for leaders.
D) leadership is a characteristic of the person.
E) people tend to inflate the importance of leadership in explaining organizational events.

Question 66

Which of these statements about leadership is FALSE?

A) Anyone may be a leader at an appropriate time and place.
B) Leaders use power and persuasion to get others to achieve organizational objectives.
C) In the 1940s, leadership experts identified seven competencies that are consistently associated with effective leadership.
D) Effective leaders provide an environment for followers to achieve team or organizational objectives.
E) Organizational behaviour scholars have studied leadership from several different perspectives.

Question 67

Implicit leadership theory explains differences in leadership practices across cultures.

Question 68

Which leadership perspective takes the view that leadership is a characteristic of the person?

A) Transactional perspective of leadership.
B) Competency (trait) perspective of leadership.
C) Behavioural perspective of leadership.
D) Path-goal leadership.
E) All of these take the view that leadership is a characteristic of the person.

Question 69

The competency perspective of leadership:

A) is one of the most recently studied perspectives of leadership.
B) is no longer accepted as an approach to understanding leadership in organizations.
C) takes a contingency approach by identifying the best leadership competencies under different conditions.
D) is both one of the most recently studied perspectives of leadership AND is no longer accepted as an approach to understanding leadership in organizations.
E) None of these statements accurately describes the competency perspective.

Question 70

Which of the following competencies is NOT a characteristic of effective leaders?

A) Effective leaders have a high need for social acceptance.
B) Effective leaders have a strong belief in their leadership abilities.
C) Effective leaders have a high level of emotional intelligence.
D) Effective leaders have a high degree of integrity.
E) Effective leaders have above average cognitive intelligence.

Question 71

According to the implicit leadership perspective,we are more likely to believe that a leader is effective if the leader looks and acts consistently with our prototype.

Question 72

Unlike earlier research on leadership traits,recent writing on leadership competencies has:

A) focused on a broader range of personal characteristics, such as knowledge and aptitudes.
B) concluded that leadership cannot be determined from an individual's competencies.
C) taken a contingency approach to leadership traits.
D) focused mainly on the personality traits and physical appearance of great leaders.
E) concluded that personal characteristics identify female leaders but not male leaders.

Question 73

Which of these statements about leadership is TRUE?

A) Leadership includes the process of influencing others.
B) Leadership includes actions that change the work environment so that employees are better able to achieve team or organizational objectives.
C) Leadership applies to people in any position in the organization, not just those in executive positions.
D) All of these statements are true.
E) None of these statements is true.

Question 74

Effective leaders:

A) help groups of people define their goals.
B) use power and persuasion to ensure that followers have the motivation and role clarity to achieve specified goals.
C) arrange the work environment so that employees can achieve corporate objectives more easily.
D) do all of these.
E) do none of these.

Question 75

Research indicates that male and female leaders do not differ in their levels of task-oriented and people-oriented leadership.

Question 76

Cultural values shape the expectations that followers have of their leaders.

Question 77

Which of these is NOT explicitly identified in the textbook as a leadership perspective?

A) Attitudinal.
B) Contingency.
C) Transformational.
D) Implicit.
E) Competency.

Question 78

Women tend to use the participative leadership style less readily than do men.

Question 79

Which of the following best summarizes research on the competency (trait)perspective of leadership?

A) Effective leaders tend to have a few common aptitudes and personal characteristics, such as drive, intelligence and integrity.
B) Competencies have no importance in identifying effective leaders.
C) Leadership scholars have identified at least two dozen competencies that are clearly related to effective leadership.
D) The competency perspective of leadership has evolved into a sophisticated contingency-oriented model.
E) A few physical appearance traits (e.g. height) are good predictors of leadership effectiveness.

Question 80

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the view of shared leadership?

A) Anyone may be a leader if given the chance.
B) Leaders should share their power and responsibility to avoid self-serving bias.
C) The most effective form of leadership is the shared-type.
D) For organizations to move from autocratic to democratic institutions, shared leadership must be implemented..
E) Leadership is broadly distributed rather than assigned to one person, such that people with the team and organization lead each other.